Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1957. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [202]-209).

Inaug.-Diss.--Erlangen. / Curriculum vitae.

[No abstract available] / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / [Co-written with George J. Okulitch] / Graduate

[No abstract available] / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1936. / Reproduced from type-written copy. "Private edition, distributed by the University of Chicago libraries, Chicago, Illinois." "Literature cited": p. 51-54.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / Vita. Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Insoluble sediments are contained in all the samples of evaporated milk, sweetened condensed milk, and milk made from powdered milk solids that were examined. The amount of sediment was greates in the milk :powder milk, being over 13 per cent of the original substance. With the sweetened condensed milk it averaged 6.6 per cent, and 2.2 per cent with evaporated milk. The sediments from evaporated milk were coarse and granular. The coarse material had a high per cent of calcium. Granulation occurred in the milks of the least density. The granular particles are the result of recrystallization, and this takes place more quickly in fluids of low density. The sediments are characteristic of highly heated and condensed milk products, and their presence in milk would show that condensed milk or powdered milk had been used. The protein probably forms from one-half to two-th irds of this sediment. The results of the calcium, phosphorus and magnesium determinations indicate tha.t insoluble compounds are formed with these constituents. Some of the calcium is evidently in the form of carbonates and phosphates, since efferve~nce took place on addition of an acid to the granular sediment, and phosphorus was shown to be in the sediment in greater proportion than normal. / Master of Science / Major thesis in Diary Chemistry

This study was taken up at the suggestion of the Pure Food Department of Virginia, and a preliminary report containing a suggestion of the method most likely to give results was submitted by one of the chemists of that Departent. The proposed method was based on the theory that the process of condensing milk causes a portion of the fat to resist all methods of extraction in general use; that not only to the usual methods of ether extraction fail to recover all the fat from condensed milk, but that results are the same with the Babcock Test and all its modifications. Using this theory as a basis, a method of procedure was submitted for the complete recovery of the fat, and it was concluded that the difference in results obtained by it and by one of the old methods would be evidence of the presence of condensed milk. / Master of Science / In application for Master of Science Degree. Submitted to W. B. Ellett, Ph. D., Acting Professor of Agricultural Chemistry.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:11:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 flauzino_rd_me_sjrp.pdf: 1058909 bytes, checksum: 58deb88c6bb574ed44bcb791303aa12b (MD5) / Neste trabalho estudou-se a influência da temperatura (275,4 a 359,8 K) e teor de gordura (10,2% a 30,6%) nos parâmetros reológicos do creme de leite, como também a influência da temperatura (278 a 343 K) nos parâmetros reológicos do leite condensado. A caracterização reológica foi realizada com o auxílio de um reômetro rotacional do tipo cone e placa, localizado no DEA/FZEA/USP, e de um reômetro rotacional do tipo cone e placa, localizado no DETA/UNESP. Os dados experimentais foram ajustados aos modelos de Ostwald-De Waele, Bingham e Herschel-Bulkley, para determinação dos parâmetros reológicos. Observou-se para o leite condensado, em toda faixa de temperatura de estudo (278 a 343 K), comportamento pseudoplástico, sem tensão inicial de escoamento, e neste caso os parâmetros reológicos foram ajustados de acordo com o modelo de Otswald-De-Waele. Para o creme de leite, observou-se comportamento viscoplástico (Binghamiano), na faixa de temperatura entre 275,4 e 306,4 K nas concentrações de 20,3 a 30,6%, sendo, neste caso, os parâmetros reológicos ajustados de acordo com o modelo de Bingham. Para a faixa de temperatura entre 275,4 e 359,8 K nas concentrações de 10,2 a 20,3%, observou-se comportamento Newtoniano, sendo, neste caso, os parâmetros reológicos ajustados de acordo com o modelo de Newton. Além disso, para temperaturas acima de 313K, em todas as concentrações, foi observado comportamento Newtoniano. Para os dois produtos, a influência da temperatura foi representada por uma função exponencial. Correlações simples foram utilizadas para analisar o efeito combinado da temperatura e da fração de gordura nos parâmetros reológicos do creme de leite. / The rheological behavior of milk cream with different fat contents (10,2% to 30,6%) was studied at a wide range of temperatures (275,4 to 359,8 K), as also the rheological behavior of sweetened condensed milk at a wide range of temperatures (278 to 343K). The rheological characterization was made using a cone and plate rotational rheometer, located at DEA/FZEA/USP, and a rheometer of the type cone and plate, located in DETA/UNESP. The experimental data have been adjusted to the Ostwald-De Waele, Bingham and Herschel-Bulkley models, to determine the rheological parameters. It was observed for sweetened condensed milk, in all the temperature bands, pseudoplastic behavior, without yield stress, and the rheological parameters have been adjusted the Otswald-De-Waele model. For milk cream, it was observed viscoplastic behavior (Binghamian), in the temperature bands between 275,4 and 306,4 K at fat contents of 20,3% to 30,6%. The rheological parameters have been adjusted to the Bingham model. For the temperature bands between 275,4 and 359,8 K at fat contents of 10,2% to 20,3%, it was observed Newtonian behavior, and therefore the rheological parameters have been adjusted to the Newton model. Besides, for temperatures above 313K, in all concentrations, it was observed Newtonian behavior. For the two products, the influence of the temperature was represented by an exponential function. Simple correlations were used to analyze the effect of the temperature and the fat fraction in the rheological parameters of the milk cream.

Orientador: Javier Telis Romero / Banca: José Francisco Lopes Filho / Banca: Ana Lúcia Gabas / Resumo: Neste trabalho estudou-se a influência da temperatura (275,4 a 359,8 K) e teor de gordura (10,2% a 30,6%) nos parâmetros reológicos do creme de leite, como também a influência da temperatura (278 a 343 K) nos parâmetros reológicos do leite condensado. A caracterização reológica foi realizada com o auxílio de um reômetro rotacional do tipo cone e placa, localizado no DEA/FZEA/USP, e de um reômetro rotacional do tipo cone e placa, localizado no DETA/UNESP. Os dados experimentais foram ajustados aos modelos de Ostwald-De Waele, Bingham e Herschel-Bulkley, para determinação dos parâmetros reológicos. Observou-se para o leite condensado, em toda faixa de temperatura de estudo (278 a 343 K), comportamento pseudoplástico, sem tensão inicial de escoamento, e neste caso os parâmetros reológicos foram ajustados de acordo com o modelo de Otswald-De-Waele. Para o creme de leite, observou-se comportamento viscoplástico (Binghamiano), na faixa de temperatura entre 275,4 e 306,4 K nas concentrações de 20,3 a 30,6%, sendo, neste caso, os parâmetros reológicos ajustados de acordo com o modelo de Bingham. Para a faixa de temperatura entre 275,4 e 359,8 K nas concentrações de 10,2 a 20,3%, observou-se comportamento Newtoniano, sendo, neste caso, os parâmetros reológicos ajustados de acordo com o modelo de Newton. Além disso, para temperaturas acima de 313K, em todas as concentrações, foi observado comportamento Newtoniano. Para os dois produtos, a influência da temperatura foi representada por uma função exponencial. Correlações simples foram utilizadas para analisar o efeito combinado da temperatura e da fração de gordura nos parâmetros reológicos do creme de leite. / Abstract: The rheological behavior of milk cream with different fat contents (10,2% to 30,6%) was studied at a wide range of temperatures (275,4 to 359,8 K), as also the rheological behavior of sweetened condensed milk at a wide range of temperatures (278 to 343K). The rheological characterization was made using a cone and plate rotational rheometer, located at DEA/FZEA/USP, and a rheometer of the type cone and plate, located in DETA/UNESP. The experimental data have been adjusted to the Ostwald-De Waele, Bingham and Herschel-Bulkley models, to determine the rheological parameters. It was observed for sweetened condensed milk, in all the temperature bands, pseudoplastic behavior, without yield stress, and the rheological parameters have been adjusted the Otswald-De-Waele model. For milk cream, it was observed viscoplastic behavior (Binghamian), in the temperature bands between 275,4 and 306,4 K at fat contents of 20,3% to 30,6%. The rheological parameters have been adjusted to the Bingham model. For the temperature bands between 275,4 and 359,8 K at fat contents of 10,2% to 20,3%, it was observed Newtonian behavior, and therefore the rheological parameters have been adjusted to the Newton model. Besides, for temperatures above 313K, in all concentrations, it was observed Newtonian behavior. For the two products, the influence of the temperature was represented by an exponential function. Simple correlations were used to analyze the effect of the temperature and the fat fraction in the rheological parameters of the milk cream. / Mestre