This thesis presents a series of theorems and proofs describing a twenty-five point geometry in which exists exactly thirty lines.

Thèse diffusée initialement dans le cadre d'un projet pilote des Presses de l'Université de Montréal/Centre d'édition numérique UdeM (1997-2008) avec l'autorisation de l'auteur.

This experimental study examined the source-message congruence effect on source credibility by manipulating the congruence of the reviewer’s profile information (travel interest, geographical location) with no changes in the review content. the congruence effect was found to influence perceptions of the reviewer’s expertise in a travel interest. This finding suggests that revealing the reviewer’s travel interest can assist the credibility assessment of travel reviewers-particularly in terms of expertise-within the category of a travel interest. the refined classification of travel reviewers based on their travel interests can improve their usefulness as information sources for prospective travelers’ information searches. These attributes can further be employed as search cues if embedded in the reviewer’s profile.

Let Nm(f(x)) denote the number of solutions of the congruence equation f(x)≡0 (modm), where m≥2 is any composite integer and f(x) is a cubic polynomial. In this thesis, we use different theorems and corollaries to find a number of solutions of the congruence equations without solving then we also construct the general expression of corresponding congruence equations to demonstrate the solutions of the equations. In this thesis, we use Mathematica software as a tool.

Thèse diffusée initialement dans le cadre d'un projet pilote des Presses de l'Université de Montréal/Centre d'édition numérique UdeM (1997-2008) avec l'autorisation de l'auteur.

Les problématiques liées à l'efficacité publicitaire ont été largement étudiées en marketing afin de comprendre les mécanismes par lesquels le consommateur pouvait être influencé. Les modèles réalisés sont souvent tournés vers le contenu de l'annonce et les questions relatives à la sélection d'espace ont fait l'objet de moins d'attention. Une revue de la littérature sur le médiaplanning permet de mettre en évidence les limites de l'audience dans la sélection d'espace publicitaire et l'intérêt d'une étude des interactions entre une annonce et son support (Partie I Chapitre I). Les théories de la communication et les modèles de traitement de l'information offrent des clés pour comprendre la manière dont le contexte peu influencer la réception d'un message (Partie I Chapitre II). En marketing, le concept de congruence permet d'appréhender ces interactions de manière synthétique. Ce cadre théorique permet de construire un modèle de recherche (Partie II Chapitre I). Un protocole expérimental est ensuite mis au point afin de tester les hypothèses formulées (Partie II Chapitre II). L'analyse des données récoltées auprès de 366 étudiants ne permet pas de soutenir une influence de la congruence perçue entre magazine et annonce sur la mémorisation des publicités. Les hypothèses relatives à l'attitude sont elles globalement soutenues par les données recueillies (Partie III Chapitre I). La mise en perspective des résultats avec la littérature permet d'identifier un certain nombre de contributions et de limites à cette recherche. Ce travail ouvre in fine plusieurs voies de recherches quant à la sélection d'espace publicitaire, le concept de congruence et l'épistémologie de la mesure (Partie III Chapitre II). / Issues related to advertising effectiveness have been widely studied in marketing to understand the mechanisms by which consumers are influenced. The models were generally oriented toward the content of the advertisement. Nevertheless, related media planning issues have received less attention. A state of the art on media planning helps to highlight the limits of audience measures as the main criterion in the selection of advertising spaces. The literature review also points out the interest of the investigation of interactions between ad and its vehicle (Part I, Chapter I). The communication theories and models of information processing provide insights for a better understanding of how the context may influence the reception of a message (Part I, Chapter II). In marketing, the concept of congruence is a useful tool to study these interactions in a synthetic way. This theoretical framework allows to build a research model (Part II Chapter I). Then, an experimental protocol is developed to test the resulting hypotheses (Part II, Chapter II). Analysis of data collected from 366 students doesn't support the influence of perceived congruence between magazine and advertisement on advertisement recall. The assumptions about attitude are broadly supported by the data (Part III, Chapter I). When put into perspective with the literature, these results show contributions to our field of research, even if limits must be taken into account. This work ultimately opens several research avenues in the selection of advertising space area, the research on the concept of congruence and the epistemology of measure (Part III, Chapter II).

This small scale enquiry looks at the value of Rogers’ concept of congruence from the perspectives and experiences of clients rather than those of the counsellor, as, it is the view of the author that the value of congruence is only established if it is perceived so by clients. It contributes to the debate about Rogers’ definition of congruence and offers a research informed perspective, relevant to a range of therapeutic interventions, of the nature and function of congruence in the counsellor-client relationship. The study involved me as the researcher and six participants from two cultural backgrounds who had responded to a leaflet after having experienced therapy with a qualified counsellor other than me. A pilot study was carried out followed by six semi-structured, face-to-face and telephone interviews that were transcribed and analysed using a qualitative, thematic analysis approach. A decision was made to divide participants into those who had experienced person-centred counselling and those who had experienced CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy) or integrative therapy. This was not an original decision but one that was made during the study in order to compare the presence and the importance of congruence in different models of therapy. Results revealed that there were terms that were central to, related to and unrelated to Rogers’ definition of congruence. Factors that were centrally related to congruence were: connection and demeanour. Therapist facilitative factors that were tangentially related to congruence were: respect; understanding; empathy; self-disclosure; trust; body language; conveying emotion and caring. Participants also referred to non-related facets such as therapist competence. Due to the majority of codes being related to congruence, this led to the conclusion that participants held a wide definition of the concept, implied by proxy (as a substitute). Participants confirmed the value of congruence, suggesting that Rogers’ theory, that is, that therapist congruence is necessary for positive growth to occur in clients, is important in counselling (Rogers, 1957). Congruence therefore cannot be described as an outdated theory or professional ideology but as a key concept that is prized and valued in modern day therapy. This study offers an original contribution to knowledge and professional practice because it provides not professionals but clients with the opportunity to have their voices heard. It allows service-users to put into words their experiences, thereby offering a better understanding of the phenomenon of congruence. The study has therefore allowed the provision for a more empowering, research-informed counsellor-client experience. A second claim to the study being unique and a valid contribution to knowledge is that the research has a particular focus on Rogers’ definition of congruence and enquires if this is relevant for service-users as opposed to service-providers.

Leadership scholars assume that the values espoused in an organizational vision have motivational effects on employee actions, but this claim has rarely been subject to empirical testing. Two studies examined whether organization members' support for organizational visions vary with the degree of congruence between members' personal values and the value-relevant impacts emphasized in a vision. Student participants learned of a visionary educational approach for universities, intended to impact either students' autonomy or their relatedness with other students. In Study 1, students who valued self-direction expressed most willingness to support the vision when autonomy-related outcomes were emphasized. Study 2 examined an apparent backfire effect in the first study, in which participants who value social belongingness expressed less willingness to support the vision when outcomes pertaining to relatedness were emphasized. This backfire effect, mediated through dis-identification with the vision, was found to be reversible when presentation cues that conflict with the stated values were removed.

Leadership scholars assume that the values espoused in an organizational vision have motivational effects on employee actions, but this claim has rarely been subject to empirical testing. Two studies examined whether organization members' support for organizational visions vary with the degree of congruence between members' personal values and the value-relevant impacts emphasized in a vision. Student participants learned of a visionary educational approach for universities, intended to impact either students' autonomy or their relatedness with other students. In Study 1, students who valued self-direction expressed most willingness to support the vision when autonomy-related outcomes were emphasized. Study 2 examined an apparent backfire effect in the first study, in which participants who value social belongingness expressed less willingness to support the vision when outcomes pertaining to relatedness were emphasized. This backfire effect, mediated through dis-identification with the vision, was found to be reversible when presentation cues that conflict with the stated values were removed.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among preferred and perceived leadership, their congruence and satisfaction with leadership. The second purpose was to investigate the differences among the offensive, the defensive and the mid-field players of soccer teams in preferred leadership, perceived leadership and satisfaction with leadership. The five leader behaviors which were measured were: training and instruction, social support, positive feedback, democratic behavior, and autocratic behavior. The four aspects of leadership satisfaction, which were measured, were: individual performance satisfaction, team performance satisfaction, training and instruction satisfaction, and personal treatment satisfaction. The subjects of the study were 138 male university soccer players 7 of 9 universities in Ankara Region of Turkey. The athletes consisted of 38 offensive players, 49 defensive players, and 51 mid-field players. Data was collected through Leadership Scale for Sport (LSS) preference version and perception version, and Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ). The study employed hierarchical regression procedures to test the congruence hypothesis derived from the multidimensional model of leadership. Results indicated athlete satisfaction was not dependent on the congruence between preferred and perceived leadership behavior. Additionally, results showed that there were no differences among the offensive, defensive, and mid-field players in preferred leadership, perceived leadership, and satisfaction with leadership. Further research is needed with the multidimensional theory of leadership in varying sport groups and with greater number of participants to identify other situational and behavioral factors associated with athletic performance.