Camera makers are now increasingly adding WiFi chips to cameras to make transferring photos to smartphones or computers easier. At the same time this new technology brings on the opportunity to rethink what a connected camera could be and how it might shape our relationship with these devices. As the features in our consumer cameras start to move beyond physical constraints of the device itself, we will rely more on the device’s inherent character to make sense of it. Through multiple workshops, experiments, mockups and prototypes I explored a set of alternative characters and concepts for our digital consumer cameras and ultimately give an example of how a playful camera might inspire us to look at ourselves and the world around us with new eyes.  The resulting provocation is KOPPLA, a prototype of an Internet-connected camera that treats its owners as a creative collective. It offers inspiring creative challenges at the touch of a button. These challenges come from other camera owners in the collective, from local communities or from organizations interested in gathering personal perspectives. The final design aims to provoke new ideas for what the industry considers a connected camera to be. In that sense, as a connecting rather than connected camera, KOPPLA goes beyond offloading photographs to a smartphone or the Internet – instead connecting its owners to new places, people and ideas.

Purpose - The purpose of this master thesis is to enhance knowledge about how revenue models for smart, connected and integrated product-services come about. Thus, the author aim to primarily contribute to the revenue model literature with insights on processual characteristics and activities. Method – The thesis uses an exploratory single case-study approach, based on qualitative data gathered mainly from semi-structured interviews. In total six manufacturing companies and five experts within relevant areas were included in the study. Data were analyzed through an abductive analysis approach, and a combination of the Gioia Methodology and Thematic coding. Findings – The study’s main findings show that the process when designing revenue models for smart, connected and integrated product-services, is characterized by an iterative phase layout and a strong customer focus. Key activities include pilot project testing, continuous evaluations and an organizational transformation, beginning with some initial analyzes to continue with a stepwise implementation and rollout of a new integrated product-service offer. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited by the single case study approach, and the aim to merely develop theory, not practically test it. The study contributes to the revenue model literature by enhancing knowledge about the processual characteristics when developing revenue models. Also, the processual framework provides structure and guidance for management at mature manufacturing companies. Originality/value – The novel contribution of this study is a processual framework and enhanced knowledge about the design process in the so far scarcely explored area of revenue models for smart, connected and integrated product-services. Keywords - Revenue models; Servitization; Digitalization; Smart, connected products; Manufacturing industry Paper type - Master thesis

Background – Through the progress in information and communication technology (ICT) new possibilities to connect smart objects via the internet arose. The number of connected devices had a strong growth in the past years and will continue rising fast in the next years as well. This new kind of smart and connected products (SCP) enables a lot of new product capabilities which have an impact on the creation of new customer value and competition on the market. Related to that, companies have to deal with digitisation and the affects for their products and manufacturing system. Purpose – The purpose of this thesis is to investigate changes in the manufacturing system when the products are getting smarter and connected. A special focus lays on the well-established Lean thinking approach. The results shall help to understand what new circumstances the decision to make the products smarter and connected will bring for a manufacturing department. Methodology – Relevant literature was reviewed to gain a theoretical framework. For gathering primary data, a qualitative case study was applied. Meetings with members of the case company’s management were arranged to conduct interviews. Additionally, observations were made during a guided tour through the production shop-floor and at a company presentation. The interview was recorded, transcribed and evaluated. Afterwards, the results from the case study were analysed and compared with theory based on the theoretical framework. Conclusions were made. Findings – The differences or changes in manufacturing because the products are getting smarter and connected are much more electronic components and software. Furthermore, new operating equipment is needed. The new circumstances require new knowledge and skills. Therefore, people have to be trained. New problems occur e.g. software problems. The use of Lean tools can be more difficult and time-consuming because of missing know-how and improvements itself are becoming more digital. Contribution – This thesis investigated the effects on the manufacturing system when the products get smarter and connected, which nobody did before. A practical case study with interviews, observations and secondary data from the company was applied. Limitations – The findings match reality based on data from the case company. Available time and access to data from the company’s side were limited. This means that the generalisation must be done with caution. However, it can be said that the findings may apply to many other industrial companies of similar size and similar products.

This thesis set out to investigate what motivates an established manufacturing firm to add smart and connectivity features into its products and what considerations are made when doing so. Such a firm was used as a case study object, a firm that is considering digitalization in one of its product areas but has not yet finalized the strategy on how to move forward. The qualitative study was made using semi-structured interviews which included mostly respondents from this organization, but also respondents representing the customers as small company entrepreneurs.  A literature study was conducted to better define the subject of product digitalization. Previous research on smart and connected products as well as related business and market theories were identified as relevant, as well as literature on digital transformation. Based on the literature study, a theoretical framework was formulated in the form of an iterative model on product digitalization, where the business and market mechanics are included. A qualitative case study was then conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews, with topics considered relevant based on the literature study. The empirical data shows many similarities compared to the current literature on the topic. The literature study has identified these aspects as relevant to be considered by an established manufacturing firm and compared them with the case study firm: ·       Digital vision – with clear intent and outcome for both the business and the customer ·       Customer intimacy – services related to smart and connected products will increase the intimacy to the end customer ·       Business model – product sales business model will be transformed by servitization ·       Technology content – smart and connected products need integration of new technologies, such as hardware, software and data management ·       Capabilities – necessary capabilities and the ability to integrate and coordinate these ·       Competitive strategy – using digital technology to gain competitive advantage.  ·       Technology acceptance –what technologies are accepted by the customers and why The case study shows that the firm have identified several key areas affected by product digitalization. Many of these aspects are considered when making strategic decisions, and the members of the organization are including most of them when building scenarios. One area of concern is the ability to integrate and coordinate all necessary functions, both for technology and services. Another is the switch in mindset going from a predictable product business model to a innovate digital one. Offering services will bring them into more direct contact with the customers, and possibly change the role of the dealership network.