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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Testing the effectiveness of community-based conservation in conserving biodiversity, protecting ecosystem services, and improving human well-being in Madagascar

Andrianandrasana, Herizo January 2016 (has links)
This thesis is a scientific contribution towards evaluating the effectiveness of Community-based Conservation (CBC) in saving biodiversity, protecting ecosystem services and enhancing human well-being. The impact of CBC interventions carried out by Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust over 109 villages in five conservation areas in Madagascar (Lake Alaotra, Baly Bay National Park, Menabe dry forest, Manombo rain forest, and Nosivolo River) since 1997, were retrospectively evaluated. The evaluation used a quasi-experimental design to contrast changes in a set of biodiversity and human wellbeing indicators in the intervention villages with 109 control villages, which were matched for a range of social and environmental attributes. In Chapter 2, findings suggest that over the period 2000-2014 the CBC approach has impacted the incidence of fire, resulting in a lower rate of increase in fire frequency. Although CBC interventions were not able to reduce forest loss, the rate of deforestation in CBC villages has generally been maintained at lower levels than in control villages. Political disruption, population size and travel cost (access and distance) to the villages were identified as important contributing factors towards an increase in the severity of fires and deforestation while access to mobile phones may help mitigate the pressures. In Chapter 3, results indicate that support to education through CBC interventions is significantly associated with improvements in educational attainment. However, analysis of the historical Index of Health Status at village level did not show evidence that provision of clean drinking water or other health interventions improved public health. In terms of human well-being (Chapter 4), there is no evidence that CBC interventions have any positive impact on the Multidimensional Poverty Index. Since poverty has been identified as a key factor reducing happiness, mutual trust, and power to change local decision-making, the claim that CBC will be effective in enhancing subjective well-being cannot be supported by the evidence from this study. According to the Index of Perception of Valued Ecosystem Services the declines in forest cover between 2000 and 2013 were observed by local people, with people in CBC villages demonstrating a greater propensity to note resulting changes in the provision of ecosystem services. This result could be of value when designing future CBC interventions. Maximum Entropy modelling using a set of environmental GIS layers was performed in Chapter 5 for predicting geographic distribution zones of four globally threatened species living exclusively in the five study areas. Results suggested that over the period 2000-2014 there has been a decline in habitat suitability expressed by a decrease in probability of presence of the species. Vegetation cover is predicted to be the most important factor affecting the variability of species distribution range. Potential factors responsible for the success of some actions and failure, others within the CBC approach are discussed and pragmatic recommendations are given at the end of the thesis. For example, transforming local associations into social enterprise could possibly motivate poorer households to join CBC efforts and thereby improve social and biodiversity impacts in the future.
2

A meta para o sistema de áreas protegidas no Bioma Pampa : como estamos e para onde vamos?

Palazzi, Giovanna January 2018 (has links)
As áreas protegidas são consideradas pilares para estratégias de conservação da diversidade biológica. Presume-se que a distribuição destas áreas representa a proteção de espécies e ecossistemas. Dentre as 20 metas globais para a redução da perda de biodiversidade, a Meta 11 de áreas protegidas estabelece, dentre outros aspectos, que 17% das áreas terrestres devem ser cobertas por sistemas de áreas protegidas ecologicamente representativos, efetivos, conectados e integrados a paisagens terrestres mais amplas. Neste estudo avaliou-se a representatividade ecológica, a efetividade e a integração a paisagens mais amplas do sistema de unidades de conservação, e perspectivas para subsidiar a sua ampliação no bioma Pampa. Além das unidades de conservação stricto senso, em parte das análises também foram considerados os sistemas complementares de terras indígenas e mecanismos de preservação em propriedades rurais definidos pela Lei de Proteção da Vegetação Nativa. A avaliação da representatividade foi feita considerando o Pampa (nível nacional) e também os 11 sistemas ecológicos presentes no bioma (nível regional). Foram levantadas 53 unidades de conservação no Pampa, com cobertura total de 3,23% do bioma Os mecanismos de preservação em propriedades rurais têm potencial de ampliar o sistema de áreas protegidas para até 9,64%, porém ainda depende de validação do órgão ambiental. O percentual protegido por unidades de conservação nos sistemas ecológicos variou entre 0% e 17,76%, sendo que nove dos 11 sistemas possuem menos de 3% em unidades de conservação. Os dados indicaram que as unidades são relativamente efetivas, pois 64% delas mantiveram ou recuperaram sua cobertura de vegetação nativa. As análises sugerem ainda, que a efetividade associada à cobertura vegetal no interior das unidades possui uma relação com a dinâmica no seu entorno. De forma geral, as unidades sofrem influência das alterações no uso da terra em suas adjacências. Para manutenção da efetividade da unidade de conservação, a unidade deve ser manejada considerando essas influências do entorno. Na perspectiva de ampliação do sistema, o esforço para conservação deve ser centrado na criação de novas unidades de conservação e diversificação de categorias. Os dados aqui obtidos indicam que o Pampa dificilmente alcançará a meta de 17% em um sistema de áreas protegidas ecologicamente representativo até 2020. / Protected areas are considered cornerstones for biodiversity conservation strategies. It is presumed that the distribution of these areas represents the protection of species and ecosystems. Among the 20 global targets for reducing biodiversity loss, Target 11 establishes that 17% of land areas must be covered by ecologically representative, effective and connected systems integrated to wider terrestrial landscapes, among other aspects. This study assessed ecological representativeness, effectiveness, and integration of protected area system, into wider landscapes of the Pampa biome. Perspectives to subsidize protected area expansion were also considered here. The representativeness assessment was made by considering the Pampa (national level) and also the 11 ecological systems present in the biome (regional level). Complementary systems of indigenous lands and mechanisms of preservation in rural properties defined by the Law of Protection of Native Vegetation was considered for the national level. Fifty-three protected areas were found in Pampa, with a total coverage of 3.23% of the biome Preservation mechanisms on rural properties have the potential to extend Pampa protected area system to up to 9.64%, but still depend on the environmental agencies validation. The percentage protected by protected areas in ecological systems ranged from zero to 17.76%, and nine of the 11 systems have less than 3% in protected areas. Data indicated that protected areas are relatively effective since 64% of them maintained or recovered their native vegetation cover. Data also indicated that protected area effectiveness has a relation to the dynamics in its surroundings regarding land use and vegetation cover. It is possible to affirm that Pampa protected areas are influenced by changes in land use in their vicinity. Protected areas must be managed considering these environmental influences to maintain their effectiveness. In perspective of expansion of the protected area system, the effort for conservation should be centered on the establishment of new protected areas with the diversification of management categories and in ecological systems with low percentages of protected areas cover. Data obtained here indicates that Pampa is unlikely to reach the 17% target in an ecologically representative protected area system by 2020.
3

A meta para o sistema de áreas protegidas no Bioma Pampa : como estamos e para onde vamos?

Palazzi, Giovanna January 2018 (has links)
As áreas protegidas são consideradas pilares para estratégias de conservação da diversidade biológica. Presume-se que a distribuição destas áreas representa a proteção de espécies e ecossistemas. Dentre as 20 metas globais para a redução da perda de biodiversidade, a Meta 11 de áreas protegidas estabelece, dentre outros aspectos, que 17% das áreas terrestres devem ser cobertas por sistemas de áreas protegidas ecologicamente representativos, efetivos, conectados e integrados a paisagens terrestres mais amplas. Neste estudo avaliou-se a representatividade ecológica, a efetividade e a integração a paisagens mais amplas do sistema de unidades de conservação, e perspectivas para subsidiar a sua ampliação no bioma Pampa. Além das unidades de conservação stricto senso, em parte das análises também foram considerados os sistemas complementares de terras indígenas e mecanismos de preservação em propriedades rurais definidos pela Lei de Proteção da Vegetação Nativa. A avaliação da representatividade foi feita considerando o Pampa (nível nacional) e também os 11 sistemas ecológicos presentes no bioma (nível regional). Foram levantadas 53 unidades de conservação no Pampa, com cobertura total de 3,23% do bioma Os mecanismos de preservação em propriedades rurais têm potencial de ampliar o sistema de áreas protegidas para até 9,64%, porém ainda depende de validação do órgão ambiental. O percentual protegido por unidades de conservação nos sistemas ecológicos variou entre 0% e 17,76%, sendo que nove dos 11 sistemas possuem menos de 3% em unidades de conservação. Os dados indicaram que as unidades são relativamente efetivas, pois 64% delas mantiveram ou recuperaram sua cobertura de vegetação nativa. As análises sugerem ainda, que a efetividade associada à cobertura vegetal no interior das unidades possui uma relação com a dinâmica no seu entorno. De forma geral, as unidades sofrem influência das alterações no uso da terra em suas adjacências. Para manutenção da efetividade da unidade de conservação, a unidade deve ser manejada considerando essas influências do entorno. Na perspectiva de ampliação do sistema, o esforço para conservação deve ser centrado na criação de novas unidades de conservação e diversificação de categorias. Os dados aqui obtidos indicam que o Pampa dificilmente alcançará a meta de 17% em um sistema de áreas protegidas ecologicamente representativo até 2020. / Protected areas are considered cornerstones for biodiversity conservation strategies. It is presumed that the distribution of these areas represents the protection of species and ecosystems. Among the 20 global targets for reducing biodiversity loss, Target 11 establishes that 17% of land areas must be covered by ecologically representative, effective and connected systems integrated to wider terrestrial landscapes, among other aspects. This study assessed ecological representativeness, effectiveness, and integration of protected area system, into wider landscapes of the Pampa biome. Perspectives to subsidize protected area expansion were also considered here. The representativeness assessment was made by considering the Pampa (national level) and also the 11 ecological systems present in the biome (regional level). Complementary systems of indigenous lands and mechanisms of preservation in rural properties defined by the Law of Protection of Native Vegetation was considered for the national level. Fifty-three protected areas were found in Pampa, with a total coverage of 3.23% of the biome Preservation mechanisms on rural properties have the potential to extend Pampa protected area system to up to 9.64%, but still depend on the environmental agencies validation. The percentage protected by protected areas in ecological systems ranged from zero to 17.76%, and nine of the 11 systems have less than 3% in protected areas. Data indicated that protected areas are relatively effective since 64% of them maintained or recovered their native vegetation cover. Data also indicated that protected area effectiveness has a relation to the dynamics in its surroundings regarding land use and vegetation cover. It is possible to affirm that Pampa protected areas are influenced by changes in land use in their vicinity. Protected areas must be managed considering these environmental influences to maintain their effectiveness. In perspective of expansion of the protected area system, the effort for conservation should be centered on the establishment of new protected areas with the diversification of management categories and in ecological systems with low percentages of protected areas cover. Data obtained here indicates that Pampa is unlikely to reach the 17% target in an ecologically representative protected area system by 2020.
4

A meta para o sistema de áreas protegidas no Bioma Pampa : como estamos e para onde vamos?

Palazzi, Giovanna January 2018 (has links)
As áreas protegidas são consideradas pilares para estratégias de conservação da diversidade biológica. Presume-se que a distribuição destas áreas representa a proteção de espécies e ecossistemas. Dentre as 20 metas globais para a redução da perda de biodiversidade, a Meta 11 de áreas protegidas estabelece, dentre outros aspectos, que 17% das áreas terrestres devem ser cobertas por sistemas de áreas protegidas ecologicamente representativos, efetivos, conectados e integrados a paisagens terrestres mais amplas. Neste estudo avaliou-se a representatividade ecológica, a efetividade e a integração a paisagens mais amplas do sistema de unidades de conservação, e perspectivas para subsidiar a sua ampliação no bioma Pampa. Além das unidades de conservação stricto senso, em parte das análises também foram considerados os sistemas complementares de terras indígenas e mecanismos de preservação em propriedades rurais definidos pela Lei de Proteção da Vegetação Nativa. A avaliação da representatividade foi feita considerando o Pampa (nível nacional) e também os 11 sistemas ecológicos presentes no bioma (nível regional). Foram levantadas 53 unidades de conservação no Pampa, com cobertura total de 3,23% do bioma Os mecanismos de preservação em propriedades rurais têm potencial de ampliar o sistema de áreas protegidas para até 9,64%, porém ainda depende de validação do órgão ambiental. O percentual protegido por unidades de conservação nos sistemas ecológicos variou entre 0% e 17,76%, sendo que nove dos 11 sistemas possuem menos de 3% em unidades de conservação. Os dados indicaram que as unidades são relativamente efetivas, pois 64% delas mantiveram ou recuperaram sua cobertura de vegetação nativa. As análises sugerem ainda, que a efetividade associada à cobertura vegetal no interior das unidades possui uma relação com a dinâmica no seu entorno. De forma geral, as unidades sofrem influência das alterações no uso da terra em suas adjacências. Para manutenção da efetividade da unidade de conservação, a unidade deve ser manejada considerando essas influências do entorno. Na perspectiva de ampliação do sistema, o esforço para conservação deve ser centrado na criação de novas unidades de conservação e diversificação de categorias. Os dados aqui obtidos indicam que o Pampa dificilmente alcançará a meta de 17% em um sistema de áreas protegidas ecologicamente representativo até 2020. / Protected areas are considered cornerstones for biodiversity conservation strategies. It is presumed that the distribution of these areas represents the protection of species and ecosystems. Among the 20 global targets for reducing biodiversity loss, Target 11 establishes that 17% of land areas must be covered by ecologically representative, effective and connected systems integrated to wider terrestrial landscapes, among other aspects. This study assessed ecological representativeness, effectiveness, and integration of protected area system, into wider landscapes of the Pampa biome. Perspectives to subsidize protected area expansion were also considered here. The representativeness assessment was made by considering the Pampa (national level) and also the 11 ecological systems present in the biome (regional level). Complementary systems of indigenous lands and mechanisms of preservation in rural properties defined by the Law of Protection of Native Vegetation was considered for the national level. Fifty-three protected areas were found in Pampa, with a total coverage of 3.23% of the biome Preservation mechanisms on rural properties have the potential to extend Pampa protected area system to up to 9.64%, but still depend on the environmental agencies validation. The percentage protected by protected areas in ecological systems ranged from zero to 17.76%, and nine of the 11 systems have less than 3% in protected areas. Data indicated that protected areas are relatively effective since 64% of them maintained or recovered their native vegetation cover. Data also indicated that protected area effectiveness has a relation to the dynamics in its surroundings regarding land use and vegetation cover. It is possible to affirm that Pampa protected areas are influenced by changes in land use in their vicinity. Protected areas must be managed considering these environmental influences to maintain their effectiveness. In perspective of expansion of the protected area system, the effort for conservation should be centered on the establishment of new protected areas with the diversification of management categories and in ecological systems with low percentages of protected areas cover. Data obtained here indicates that Pampa is unlikely to reach the 17% target in an ecologically representative protected area system by 2020.

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