Expanderande städer resulterar i ökande behov av godstransporter och för att behålla en fungerande godsdistribution kan åtgärder behöva vidtas. Trafikstockning och försämrad stadsmiljö är negativa effekter som kan förknippas med en dåligt fungerande godsdistribution. Citylogistik handlar om att kontrollera och optimera godstransporter i urbana områden (city) så att negativa effekter minimeras. Olika typer av citylogistiska åtgärder och koncept har identifierats. Till dem hör till exempel samdistribution, reglering av godstransporter och avancerade IT-system. Inom ramen för projektet SAMLIC, som startades i Linköping 2004, genomfördes pilotförsöket PILOT med det övergripande syftet att utvärdera ekonomisk potential med samdistribution i Linköpings city. Under PILOT omsattes ett samdistributionskoncept i praktiken. En databas med information om godsdistributionen under försöket upprättades för senare analys. Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att formulera matematiska modeller över godsdistributionen i ett medelstort city, som kan ge underlag för utvärdering av citylogistiska koncept och i synnerhet samdistributionskoncept. De matematiska modeller som tagits fram är optimeringsmodeller för ruttplanering och metoder för att lösa optimeringsmodellerna har implementerats. För att utvärdera modellerna och metoderna har en fallstudie av Linköpings city gjorts, med datamaterial från PILOT. Modellerna ger möjlighet till effektiva analyser och jämförelser av citylogistiska koncept. Fallstudien visar dessutom att optimering av godsdistributionen i city innebär god förbättringspotential vilket ger ytterligare motiv till att använda modeller som verktyg. / Urbanization and city expansion result in an increasing need of transportation of goods, and in order to maintain efficiency, measures are needed. The aim of city logistics is to minimize negative impacts associated with city center goods distribution, such as traffic congestion and negative impacts on the living environment. Several city logistic measures have previously been suggested, such as freight consolidation, governance and advanced IT systems. Within the SAMLIC project started in 2004, a demonstration project known as PILOT was carried out in central Linköping, wherein the concept of freight consolidation was applied in reality. The objective was to evaluate the economic potential of freight consolidation. The aim of this thesis was to formulate mathematical models of the distribution of goods in a medium sized Swedish city. The models are to be used in the evaluation of city logistic measures, focusing on freight consolidation. The distribution problem is modelled as a vehicle routing problem, and methods for solving the resulting optimization problems have been implemented. Using data from PILOT, the models have been applied on Linköping with the purpose of evaluating the methods, as well as investigating the potential of using models for planning the distribution of goods. Conclusions involve that analyses of, and comparisons between, city lo-gistic measures can be efficiently made using mathematical models. The case study also indicates that goods distribution can be improved through the use of optimization methods, which further motivates mathematical modelling.

In 2007, the Legislative Yuan enacted Act for Establishment and Management of Safety Fund for Police; Fire fighting, Coast Guards, Immigration, Airborne Service Personnel, And Assisting Civic Force (hereinafter referred to as Act for Management of Fund for Police and Civic Force, and Immigration Agency revised the Act on December 30, 2009). In consideration of modern democratic country under the rule of law, the Legislative Yuan depends on legislative procedures to manage policy on a legal basis, implement administration in accordance with law, improve administrative efficiency, accomplish social justice and safeguard rights and interests of the people. However, the police implement laws on behalf of the country, if its own applicable laws and regulations are out of accord with the times or fail to keep up with the times, troubles and disputes will be caused, and the welfare and rights and interests of internal colleagues may be damaged as well, even the prestige of government will be impacted. Therefore we must avoid this situation and also take care about the entire possible situation. Relevant sub-measures and administrative rules that the Ministry of the Interior authorized administrative authority to formulate in accordance with Act for Management of Fund for Police and Civic Force, including Regulations on the Establishment and Management of Safety Funds to Police Officers/Fire-Fighters/ Coastguards/Crewmen/Immigration of National Airborne Service Corps and Members of Volunteers Forces, Regulations Governing Issuance of Safety Funds to Police Officers/Fire-Fighters/Coastguards/Crewmen/Immigration of National Airborne Service Corps and Members of Volunteers Forces, as well as Provisions for Criteria of Civilian Labor Force Recruited by the Police and Fire Bridges; Maritime/Coastguard/ Immigration/Aviation Agencies, have been stipulated and published on records in accordance with legal operation procedures. Through investigation, there are as many as 7 funds administered by law enforcement office currently (hereinafter referred to as public security funds. It always seems to be overlapped, if orientation integration can be realized, it will save manpower and time, avoid from wasting of resources, prevent against malpractice and create the largest benefits. This is the research motive of this paper. This paper sticks to basic theory of administrative law - five major frames of principle, organization, limits of authority, relief and supervision as main discussion foundation. According to the research, based on analysis of five major frames of administrative law and due to different properties, Chinese existing public security funds can be divided into "government trust fund", "public and personal juridical person fund" and "non-operating special fund", in addition, they are different in central and local area, issuance conditions and objects, so the situation is quite complicated. If the integration is forced to carry out, it is possible to violate the law and cause rebound. If each foundation declares to dismiss by itself and return the surplus capital to national treasury, sufficient reasons will be required. Only for "relief fund for police and fire fighting personnel", the Executive Yuan shall be entitled to make resolutions of merger and dissolution at any time in accordance with the stipulations of Criterion of Special Fund Management of Central Government and Principle for Non-operating Special Fund Existence of Central Government. But taking many factors into account, it may be a fruitless approach to implement merger or dissolution in the short run.

ABSTRACT This study aims to investigate the possible relationship between the differences of the male and female brain and vocabulary learning strategies of male and female students. For this purpose, a study has been carried out with a group of 200 students attending the Preparatory Program at TOBB University of Economics and Technology. This study initially aims to identify the differences between the biology of the male and female brain as well as the hormones influencing the memory and vocabulary retention. This information will then be applied to the vocabulary learning strategies of males and females. In order to identify the strategies used by males and females, a questionnaire was administered to a group of students attending the Preparatory Program at TOBB Economy and Technology University. Before the main study, the questionnaire was administered as a pilot study with 50 students from the same achievement group. After the pilot study of the questionnaire / validity, reliability and factor analysis studies were carried out. All of these subjects were at the same level of proficiency. The relationship between the genders and their vocabulary learning strategies was studied according to the results of the study through statistical evaluation through t-test analysis on SPSS. The data collected through the questionnaire were analyzed by comparing them to the literature suggesting the differences between the male and female brain characteristics. As the result of this study, it has been found out that females use more variety of strategies than males. Females have been found to employ determination, social, and cognitive strategies more frequently than males while males employ memory strategies more than females. In addition, there was not a statistically significant difference between the use of metacognitive strategies of male and female participants.

In its most general form this study aims to understand and reveal the dynamics that shape AKP&rsquo / s Kurdish politics. In this way primarily, socio-political factors that constitute AKP and the political tradition out of which it has arose have been analyzed with in the theoretical framework of the center-periphery model. It seeks to determine the socio-political basis of AKPs emergence on a platform of change and EU centered vision. It understands this approach as an effort to legitimize itself against a Kemalist center. This study understands AKP&rsquo / s desire to align itself with the West in the course of its quest for legitimization and its desire for the candidacy for the process of ascension to the European Union as the only paths to take after the events of February the 28th has confirmed the judgment that Turkey cannot consolidate its own democracy within its own dynamics. This study contends that the most fundamental influence that has shaped AKP&rsquo / s Kurdish politics and obliged AKP to attend to the Kurdish problem, in addition to the political tradition out of which AKP arose, is full accession to EU and the target of consolidating democracy. The study also analyzes the evolutionary phases the Kurdish politics went through. The process of consolidation of democracy in Turkey in accordance with the requirements of ascension to the EU has been seen as the common fate of AKP and the Kurdish politics as well as the source of legitimization both domestically and internationally. This study understands AKP&rsquo / s Kurdish politics as one of a paradox for the ethnic and religious identities that has faced a systematic resistance since the conception of the republic: On the one hand is the union of these two identities against a sociopolitical system that excludes both, and on the other hand is their political competition on a platform that is perpetually overlapping. The study concludes that AKP&rsquo / s determination and ability to solve the Kurdish problem will give hints on whether the party would succeed or not in its mission of cerating a new political language and democratizing the country.

Exposure to atmospheric conditions results of deterioration in historic monuments. and their stones. Limestone conservation presents many problems that have to be investigated in detail. In this study, limestone deterioration and development of its conservation treatments were investigated through examination of the statues carved from karstic limestones in Nemrut Dag Monument. The decay mechanisms that had major roles in their deterioration during two thousand years of exposure to atmospheric conditions and the development of their conservation treatments involved several types of analyses that were carried out in the field and in the laboratory. Exposed surfaces of limestones having karstic veins, interior crack surfaces were examined and compared with relatively undeteriorated interior parts. Similar limestones from the geological formations nearby were artificially deteriorated by salt crystallization and were also examined for comparison. Standard physical and physicomechanical tests, petrographical analysis, XRD, SEM-EDX and FTIR were used during those examinations. Swelling nature of clays in limestones and their control were quantified by CEC measurements. The micro structure of limestone was observed to be composed of micritic calcite with karstic veins of sparitic calcite crystals. Some karstic zones were found to be preferred sites of dissolution and precipitation of calcium carbonate where swelling action of clays and widening of cracks occurred. Iron oxides that moved through those zones, as well as biological activity were also found to contribute to those phenomena. Preparation of high concentrations of nanodispersive calcium hydroxide solutions was achieved for the conservation treatments of the deteriorated limestone. Success of treatments with nanodispersive Ca(OH)2 solutions targeted to the decay zones were discussed in terms of their ability to control the swelling action of clays, carbonation of nanodispersive solution, and improvement in the physicomechanical properties of treated limestone.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the last phrase of democratization process in Georgia that refers to democratic consolidation period, while focusing on the role of civil society organizations. The main focus area will be post-Rose Revolution period hence, the Rose Revolution that occurred in 2003 is considered as an example of democratic transition and as a nature of successful democratization development, the transition period must be followed by the democratic consolidation process. In order to examine the consolidation of democracy in Georgia, the study sheds light on the development of civil society, the aims of activities of civil societal actors and their relations with state, society, international actors and media. This thesis argues that in order to consolidate democracy, the civil society&rsquo / s interaction with state and society must be effectual however, the Georgian civil society organizations are unable to mediate the relations with state and society, especially after the Rose Revolution. As a result of the problematic relations, Georgian democratic consolidation process is failing. This thesis is based on the qualitative data which is collected during a fieldwork in Georgia.

名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類:工学博士(課程) 学位授与年月日:昭和56年3月25日

ABSTRACT Land resources are the foundation of national development. The land resources in Taiwan in limited, and with the population growing as well as rapid economic development, the demand for land increases, resulting in overload of land uses. In addition, due to lack of appropriate allocation of land resources to development and of comprehensive planning, the current uses of land resources do not appear reasonable. In order to put national policy into practice, enhance efficient use of land resources, and complement national socioeconomic development, under the guideline of equity distribution of land rights (efficient use of land and equity distribution of land benefits, the government crafts land comprehensive plans and encourages private sectors to provide land and capital, to collaboratively participate in public investments to achieve the goals of national policy. In view of the current institution of land use development, development overrides planning in land use systems, focusing on pursuing of efficiency. In the long run, this practice is confined by inflexibility of zoning, failing to fit the need of socioeconomic development. There is a need for a policy of planning leading development to solve various land use problems. In many land use development cases, the government should make choices, i. e., in developing land, alternatives must be considered. The research explores the meaning and use of multi-attribute decision making techniques and decision analysis, explains through several development measures the basic theories and characteristics for comparisons, and establishes development orientations and policies issues for cross-national examinations of land development experiences and practices. Based on the analytic hierarchy process, the research conducts a questionnaire survey of experts and scholars to evaluate land comprehensive development measures. The findings from the research are as follows: 1.National land development should balance among ecology, living, and production. 2.Planning leading development should be the land use policy to achieve the goals of urban planning. 3.The goals of land comprehensive development should be grounded on urban comprehensive development. 4.Factors that affect land development include citizens¡¦ rights, construction effects, financial burden, and market demand, which in turn have significant influence on solving urban and regional development. 5.According to the survey, with respect to achieving the goal of urban comprehensive development, the ranking of the weights of the factors in Item 4 is construction effects, citizens¡¦ rights, market demand, and financial burden. 6.The result of the evaluation suggests that to achieve urban comprehensive development, the ranking is zone expropriation, development permit, urban renewal, and urban land consolidation.

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have displayed impressive mechanical properties, but the use and dimensions of material have been limited due to critical cooling rate requirements and low ductility. The application of severe plastic deformation by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) for consolidation of bulk amorphous metals (BAM) and amorphous metal matrix composites (AMMC) is investigated in this dissertation. The objectives of this research are a) to better understand processing parameters which promote bonding between particles and b) to determine by what mechanisms the plasticity is enhanced in bulk amorphous metal matrix composites consolidated by ECAE. To accomplish the objectives BAM and AMMCs were produced via ECAE consolidation of Vitreloy 106a (Zr58.5Nb2.8Cu15.6Ni12.8Al10.3-wt%), ARLloy #1 (Hf71.3Cu16.2Ni7.6Ti2.2Al2.6 -wt%), and both of these amorphous alloys blended with crystalline phases of W, Cu and Ni. Novel instrumented extrusions and a host of postprocessing material characterizations were used to evaluate processing conditions and material properties. The results show that ECAE consolidation at temperatures within the supercooled liquid region gives near fully dense (>99%) and well bonded millimeter scale BAM and AMMCs. The mechanical properties of the ECAE processed BMG are comparable to cast material: σf = 1640 MPa, εf = 2.3%, E = 80 GPa for consolidated Vitreloy 106a as compared to σf = 1800 MPa, εf = 2.5%, E = 85 GPa for cast Vitreloy 106, and σf = 1660 MPa, εf = 2.0%, E = 97 GPa for ARLloy #1 as compared to σf = 2150 MPa, εf < 2.5%, E = 102 GPa for Hf52Cu17.9Ni14.6Ti5Al10. The mechanical properties of AMMCs are substandard compared to those obtained from melt-infiltrated composites due to non-ideal particle bonding conditions such as surface oxides and crystalline phase morphology and chemistry. It is demonstrated that the addition of a dispersed crystalline phase to an amorphous matrix by ECAE powder consolidation increases the plasticity of the amorphous matrix by providing locations for generation and/or arrest of adiabatic shear bands. The ability of ECAE to consolidated BAM and AMMCs with improved plasticity opens the possibility of overcoming the size and plasticity limitations of the monolithic bulk metallic glasses.

Abstract The peak time for the security investment trust company number is in 2004 and 2005, with a total of about 45 companies at that time. However, the number of companies are decreasing. Presently, only 39 in the security investment trust industry are continuing. Observing the current situation of the security investment trust industry, it could be found that companies with large asset size are permanently staying large. In addition, companies in the behind sector are facing difficulties with management, abatement of cash flow and deterioration of constitution that all cause a vicious cycle. This research is studied by quality methodology, through initial data from in-depth interviews and secondary data of the industry. The analyses of Porter¡¦s Five Forces and external industry environment are used in order to understand the competition of the security investment trust industry and its profitability in a long-term. By in-depth interviews, the analyses of competitor benchmark and core competences are diagnosed so as to find out reasons why these behind sector companies in the past can reach the top 10 in the asset scale now. Eventually, core- competences and direction of constitution for medium size firms can be built via case studies. The result of this study discovers that core competences of a company are formed by its own advantages, and core competences of an enterprise are built via an enterprise¡¦s strategic resources. The leverage and consolidation for resources can help to create sustainably competitive advantages. By attestation and conclusion, these top 10 companies are able to properly implement enterprises¡¦ resources for product innovation, trade record and channels. They all have clear strategic positions and distinctive business models.