No description available.

Thesis (M. CM)--Hong Kong Baptist University, 1998. / Dissertation submitted to the School of Chinese Medicine. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 24-25).

No description available.

A partir do desenvolvimento dos Critérios de Roma, muitos estudos têm sido realizados para o conhecimento da epidemiologia da constipação intestinal (CI). Porém, a maioria é realizada em grupos populacionais específicos e poucos são aqueles de base populacional. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram estimar a prevalência de CI em adultos da população geral na área urbana de Londrina, Paraná, e identificar os fatores demográficos e clínicos associados à ocorrência de CI nessa população. Trata-se de uma análise secundária, desenvolvida a partir de um estudo epidemiológico de base populacional, descritivo, exploratório e com coleta transversal dos dados, sobre o hábito intestinal da população de Londrina, Paraná, em 2008. Dois mil cento e sessenta e dois indivíduos, residentes nas ruas selecionadas por meio de amostragem probabilística por conglomerados, foram entrevistados utilizando-se dois instrumentos: dados sócio-demográficos e Hábito Intestinal na População Geral (em sua versão adaptada e validada para o Brasil). No presente estudo, foram utilizadas as variáveis necessárias para o cálculo da prevalência de CI, de acordo com os Critérios de Roma III, e identificação dos fatores associados. Os dados foram analisados por meio do Teste de Qui-Quadrado (X²) de Pearson e regressão logística multivariada. Foram estimadas as prevalências de CI, com intervalos de confiança (IC) a 95%. As associações foram medidas pelo Odds Ratio ajustado, por análise de regressão. A prevalência total de CI foi 14,6%, sendo maior entre as mulheres (21,9%) comparativamente aos homens (5,3%), crescente com a idade em ambos os sexos e inversamente proporcional ao aumento da renda familiar. Para a amostra total de constipados (n=315), os fatores que apresentaram associação com CI foram: sexo feminino, baixa renda familiar, história de fístula, fissura anal, prolapso retal, hemorróidas, cirurgias anorretais, AVE e doenças do sistema nervoso. Para o sexo feminino, as variáveis significativamente associadas à CI foram: baixa renda familiar, história de fístula, fissura anal, cirurgia anorretal, trauma ou ferimento ao redor do ânus, retocele, hemorróidas e AVE. Para o sexo masculino, CI foi estatisticamente associada a: idade avançada, baixa renda familiar, fissura anal, cirurgia anorretal, AVE e doença do sistema nervoso. As variáveis baixa renda familiar, AVE, história de fissura anal e cirurgia anorretal permaneceram nos três modelos testados. Este estudo contribui para o conhecimento da epidemiologia da CI na população geral brasileira, ao constituir-se em um dos poucos estudos nacionais de base populacional sobre o tema. Além disso, os seus resultados agregam novos conhecimentos, ao terem sido testadas algumas variáveis que não são usualmente analisadas em estudos de base populacional sobre prevalência de CI na população geral, como fístula, fissura, cirurgias anorretais, hemorróidas, doenças do sistema nervoso, entre outros. / Since the Rome Criteria were developed a lot of studies have been done to determine general constipation epidemiology. However, most of the studies consider only specific groups of people and only a few of them consider a general population analysis. The current study is a population-based study that aimed to estimate the prevalence of constipation in adults from the general population at Londrina city, Paraná State, Brazil and also to identify the clinical and demographic factors associated to occurrence of constipation in this population. This study is a secondary analysis from the epidemiological population-based study about bowel habit, that was descriptive and exploratory, cross sectional, and it was performed in 2008 at the urban area of Londrina city. Two thousand one hundred sixty two individuals living at the selected streets through cluster sampling were interviewed. Two instruments were used for data collection: social-demographic data and the adapted and validated version of Bowel Function in the Community for Brazil. In the current study the original database variables were used to calculate the prevalence of constipation, according to the Rome Criteria III, and also to determine the associated factors. The data were analyzed using chi-square test (X²) and multivariate logistic regression. The prevalence of constipation was estimated with a 95% confidence interval. The adjusted odds ratio was used to measure the association between variables, using regression analysis. The total prevalence of constipation was 14,6%, higher among women (21,9% women; and 5,3% men), growing with age in both genders, and inverse proportion to the family income. The factors that presented statistically significant association to the constipated sample (n=315) were: female gender, low social economic status, fistulae history, anal fissure, rectal prolapse, hemorrhoids, anus-rectal surgery, stroke and nervous system disease. Among the women, the statistically significant associated factors were: low social economic status, fistulae history, anal fissure, anus-rectal surgery, trauma or wound around the anus, rectocele, hemorrhoids, and stroke. Among the men, the statistically significant associated factors were: higher ages, low social economic status, anal fissure, anus-rectal surgery, stroke, and nervous system disease. The variables low social economic status, stroke, anal fissure history and anus-rectal surgery were statistically significant in all three tested statistical models. This study is important because it shows the epidemiology of constipation in the general Brazilian population, and it is one of the very few national based-population studies about the subject. It also shows associations between constipation and fistulae history, anal fissure, anus-rectal surgery, hemorrhoids, stroke, nervous system disease, and other factors that have not been often analyzed in based-population studies about prevalence of constipation.

A partir do desenvolvimento dos Critérios de Roma, muitos estudos têm sido realizados para o conhecimento da epidemiologia da constipação intestinal (CI). Porém, a maioria é realizada em grupos populacionais específicos e poucos são aqueles de base populacional. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram estimar a prevalência de CI em adultos da população geral na área urbana de Londrina, Paraná, e identificar os fatores demográficos e clínicos associados à ocorrência de CI nessa população. Trata-se de uma análise secundária, desenvolvida a partir de um estudo epidemiológico de base populacional, descritivo, exploratório e com coleta transversal dos dados, sobre o hábito intestinal da população de Londrina, Paraná, em 2008. Dois mil cento e sessenta e dois indivíduos, residentes nas ruas selecionadas por meio de amostragem probabilística por conglomerados, foram entrevistados utilizando-se dois instrumentos: dados sócio-demográficos e Hábito Intestinal na População Geral (em sua versão adaptada e validada para o Brasil). No presente estudo, foram utilizadas as variáveis necessárias para o cálculo da prevalência de CI, de acordo com os Critérios de Roma III, e identificação dos fatores associados. Os dados foram analisados por meio do Teste de Qui-Quadrado (X²) de Pearson e regressão logística multivariada. Foram estimadas as prevalências de CI, com intervalos de confiança (IC) a 95%. As associações foram medidas pelo Odds Ratio ajustado, por análise de regressão. A prevalência total de CI foi 14,6%, sendo maior entre as mulheres (21,9%) comparativamente aos homens (5,3%), crescente com a idade em ambos os sexos e inversamente proporcional ao aumento da renda familiar. Para a amostra total de constipados (n=315), os fatores que apresentaram associação com CI foram: sexo feminino, baixa renda familiar, história de fístula, fissura anal, prolapso retal, hemorróidas, cirurgias anorretais, AVE e doenças do sistema nervoso. Para o sexo feminino, as variáveis significativamente associadas à CI foram: baixa renda familiar, história de fístula, fissura anal, cirurgia anorretal, trauma ou ferimento ao redor do ânus, retocele, hemorróidas e AVE. Para o sexo masculino, CI foi estatisticamente associada a: idade avançada, baixa renda familiar, fissura anal, cirurgia anorretal, AVE e doença do sistema nervoso. As variáveis baixa renda familiar, AVE, história de fissura anal e cirurgia anorretal permaneceram nos três modelos testados. Este estudo contribui para o conhecimento da epidemiologia da CI na população geral brasileira, ao constituir-se em um dos poucos estudos nacionais de base populacional sobre o tema. Além disso, os seus resultados agregam novos conhecimentos, ao terem sido testadas algumas variáveis que não são usualmente analisadas em estudos de base populacional sobre prevalência de CI na população geral, como fístula, fissura, cirurgias anorretais, hemorróidas, doenças do sistema nervoso, entre outros. / Since the Rome Criteria were developed a lot of studies have been done to determine general constipation epidemiology. However, most of the studies consider only specific groups of people and only a few of them consider a general population analysis. The current study is a population-based study that aimed to estimate the prevalence of constipation in adults from the general population at Londrina city, Paraná State, Brazil and also to identify the clinical and demographic factors associated to occurrence of constipation in this population. This study is a secondary analysis from the epidemiological population-based study about bowel habit, that was descriptive and exploratory, cross sectional, and it was performed in 2008 at the urban area of Londrina city. Two thousand one hundred sixty two individuals living at the selected streets through cluster sampling were interviewed. Two instruments were used for data collection: social-demographic data and the adapted and validated version of Bowel Function in the Community for Brazil. In the current study the original database variables were used to calculate the prevalence of constipation, according to the Rome Criteria III, and also to determine the associated factors. The data were analyzed using chi-square test (X²) and multivariate logistic regression. The prevalence of constipation was estimated with a 95% confidence interval. The adjusted odds ratio was used to measure the association between variables, using regression analysis. The total prevalence of constipation was 14,6%, higher among women (21,9% women; and 5,3% men), growing with age in both genders, and inverse proportion to the family income. The factors that presented statistically significant association to the constipated sample (n=315) were: female gender, low social economic status, fistulae history, anal fissure, rectal prolapse, hemorrhoids, anus-rectal surgery, stroke and nervous system disease. Among the women, the statistically significant associated factors were: low social economic status, fistulae history, anal fissure, anus-rectal surgery, trauma or wound around the anus, rectocele, hemorrhoids, and stroke. Among the men, the statistically significant associated factors were: higher ages, low social economic status, anal fissure, anus-rectal surgery, stroke, and nervous system disease. The variables low social economic status, stroke, anal fissure history and anus-rectal surgery were statistically significant in all three tested statistical models. This study is important because it shows the epidemiology of constipation in the general Brazilian population, and it is one of the very few national based-population studies about the subject. It also shows associations between constipation and fistulae history, anal fissure, anus-rectal surgery, hemorrhoids, stroke, nervous system disease, and other factors that have not been often analyzed in based-population studies about prevalence of constipation.

Introduction: Our knowledge of normal human colonic motility remains incomplete. Historically, this has been due to the relative inaccessibility of this organ for study, and the lack of standardisation of methods used to investigate it. Recent device development has provided us with advanced tools by which to assess colonic motility, namely pancolonic manometry, and the wireless motility capsule (WMC). Using traditional diagnostic tests, a subgroup of patients presenting with severe intractable symptoms, but without organic disease, are found to have slow transit constipation (STC). This is believed to be primarily due to colonic dysmotility, although colonic motor functions remain poorly understood in this group also. Aims: The principal aims of this thesis were to: (1) explore the effect of pancolonic manometric recording technique on colonic motility; (2) describe pancolonic motility in STC, compared to healthy control subjects; (3) using the wireless motility capsule (WMC), validate the precise location of the pH fall around the ileo-caecal junction as a landmark for measuring colonic motility; (4) obtain normative data for colonic motility (transit and contractility) and intraluminal pH in a large cohort of healthy volunteers using the WMC, and compare this to patients with STC. Methods: The following methods were used: (1) prolonged pancolonic manometry in healthy volunteers and patients with STC; (2) a dual scintigraphic technique, involving radioactive-labelling of the WMC in healthy volunteers; (3) wireless motility capsule studies of colonic motility in healthy volunteers and in patients with STC. Results: Colonic manometric recording technique (bowel preparation or not, and different catheter types) significantly influences some characteristics of propagating sequence (PS) activity, including frequency, amplitude, polarity, relationship between consecutive PSs, and circadian rhythm. Patients with STC display dysregulated colonic motor function represented by disorganised spatiotemporal patterning and loss of 'regional linkage' among PSs. The fall in pH measured by the WMC was confirmed to be either in the caecum, ascending colon, or as the capsule moved from the caecum to the ascending colon. Using the WMC, the upper limit of normal colonic transit time (CTT) was found to be 51 h; however, CTT is not a continuous variable and exhibits peaks every 24 h. CTT is significantly prolonged in females and affected by the study protocol employed. In patients with STC, colonic contractility (motility index) is increased in comparison with healthy controls, and intraluminal pH is more acidic in the proximal colon, and more alkaline in the distal colon. Conclusions: The method of pancolonic manometry requires standardisation. However, novel metrics derived from prolonged pancolonic recordings have improved our understanding of the physiology of colonic motor function in health, and also pathophysiology in constipation. The WMC provides an alternative, less invasive method to investigate colonic motility; this technique also requires standardisation, but early results in patients with STC complement those from manometry, and also reveal alterations in intraluminal pH that may be of pathophysiological significance.

Constipation is a common problem for people with dementia and it may result in discomfort, suffering and lower quality of life. Nurses in municipal nursing homes have difficult to observe and prevent these problems because they do not participate in the daily caring work. The aim of this study was to illustrate the nurse assistants’ reflections about the care they gave people with dementia and constipation. Main questions vas how they became aware of such problems and what they did when someone had problem with constipation. It also asked about their methods to prevent constipation and if they thought anything could be done better in the future. The method used was a qualitative interview study. The study included eight nurse assistants who worked in municipal nursing homes for people with dementia. The interviews where tape recorded, then written and analysed with a phenomenological method. The result illustrate how the nurse assistants used their sense for observing and their personal feelings to share the experience with the person. This gave trust and renders possibility to get knowledge and also gave opportunity to prevent problems and give help, in a way that not reduced dignity for the person. Bowel control, fluid, food and the possibility to get out for a walk was important. It was also important to have enough time for sharing reflections. Small units gave possibility to personal knowledge.

Diss. (sammanfattning)--Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-25 / Objetivos: Avaliar o hábito intestinal de pacientes com câncer que utilizam morfina. Analisar a efetividade de um programa terapêutico no controle da constipação secundária aos opioides. Método: Estudo de série de casos, prospectivo, não randomizado. Os pacientes admitidos no estudo eram portadores de câncer, idade superior a quatro anos, e utilizavam morfina para o controle de dor. Após 24 horas do início do uso da morfina, os pacientes receberam lactulose e, nos casos refratários, bisacodil. A avaliação do hábito intestinal foi realizada através de um questionário estruturado. Quando necessário, foi realizada a desimpactação das fezes por via anal ou oral. Resultados: Foram admitidos no estudo 22 pacientes, com idade entre cinco e 35 anos (média 16,7 anos). 27% (6/22) dos pacientes eram constipados antes da admissão no estudo. Na primeira semana do uso de morfina e lactulose, 40% (9/22) dos pacientes ficaram constipados. Na segunda e terceira semanas, a constipação ocorreu em 38,8% (7/18) e 16% (2/12), respectivamente. Com o protocolo terapêutico adotado foi possível controlar o quadro de constipação em 57% (11/22) dos casos. Conclusões: A constipação intestinal foi frequente nos pacientes que utilizaram morfina, 40%, 38,8% e 16%, respectivamente, na primeira, segunda e terceira semana, apesar do tratamento profilático com laxantes. Entretanto, o protocolo com atenção específica à constipação intestinal pode aumentar a adesão dos pacientes aos laxantes e minimizar as complicações da constipação, como a formação do fecaloma. São necessários estudos controlados com maior número de casos para o desenvolvimento de estratégias terapêuticas eficazes, multiprofissionais, que reduzam o sofrimento dos pacientes com câncer que necessitem utilizar a morfina. / Objective: Evaluate bowel habit in cancer patients using morphine. Analyze the effectiveness of a therapeutic program in controlling constipation secondary to opioid. Method: case study series, non-randomized, prospective. Patients admitted in the study were bearers of cancer, aged over four years, and using morphine for pain control. After 24 hours from the beginning of the use of morphine, patients were given lactulose and in refractory cases, bisacodyl. Evaluation of bowel habit was achieved through a structured questionnaire. When necessary, fecal desimpaction was performed by via anal or oral. Results: 22 patients were admitted to the study, aged between five and 15 years (average 16.7 years). 27% (6/22) patients had constipation before admission in the study. In the first week of use of morphine and lactulose, 40% (9/22) patients had constipation. In the second and third weeks, constipation occurred in 38.8% (7/18) and 16% (2/12), respectively. The therapeutic protocol adopted was able to control the constipation in 57% (11/22) of cases. Conclusions: constipation has been frequent in patients who have used morphine, 40%, 38.8% and 16% respectively in the first, second and third weeks despite the prophylactic treatment with laxatives. However, the protocol with specific attention to constipation can increase adherence to laxatives and minimize the complications of constipation, such as the appearing of fecaloma. Controlled studies are needed with largest number of cases for the development of effective therapeutic strategies, such multi-professional approach, which reduce the suffering of cancer patients who need to use morphine. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Orientador: Luis Guillermo Bahamondes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T20:36:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Modesto_WaleskaOliveira_M.pdf: 793320 bytes, checksum: ec8512a5c3785d9f14ee566b2d844e1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo : O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência da constipação funcional em mulheres com dor pélvica crônica (DPC). No período de julho de 2009 a junho de 2010 foram avaliadas 100 mulheres com idade de 18 a 50 anos no Ambulatório de Ginecologia do Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher (CAISM) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Em uma análise prospectiva, as mulheres foram divididas em três grupos: grupo A - mulheres sem o diagnóstico de DPC -, Grupo B - mulheres com o diagnóstico de DPC e sem constipação funcional - e grupo C - mulheres com diagnóstico de DPC e com constipação funcional, de acordo com os critérios de ROMA III. Todas as mulheres participantes tiverem um seguimento de três meses, preenchendo o diário da dor e constipação. A DPC foi avaliada diariamente segundo a escala análoga visual (EAV). Os resultados mostraram que no grupo A, 13 (41,9%) apresentaram os sintomas de constipação funcional, incluindo 16 (51,6%) mulheres que relataram fezes endurecidas ou fragmentadas. No grupo B, 4 mulheres (21,1%) apresentaram fezes endurecidas ou fragmentadas. No grupo C, 46 mulheres (92%) relataram esforço ao evacuar e a sensação de evacuação incompleta, 49 mulheres referiram fezes endurecidas ou fragmentadas. O estudo mostrou que os grupos B e C não apresentaram diferença significante na dor, não existiu relação na EAV durante as 12 semanas de acompanhamento. Os diagnósticos mais comuns associados à DPC foram: idiopática (44,9%), endometriose (23,2%) e aderência pélvica (17,4%). Os resultados mostraram que a constipação funcional não exerce influência sobre o aumento da dor das pacientes com DPC / Abstract : This study evaluated the effect of functional constipation on women with and without chronic pelvic pain (CPP). During the period of July 2009 through June 2010 a total of 100 women aged 18-50 years at the CAISM/UNICAMP were divided into 3 groups: A) women without CPP; B) women diagnosed with CPP but without functional constipation; and C) women diagnosed with CPP with functional constipation diagnosed according to the Rome III criteria. All participants were followed over 3 months, completing a daily questionnaire on pain and constipation. CPP was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The result showed that in the Group A, 16/31 women (51.6%) complained of lumpy or hard stools, while 13 (41.9%) had symptoms of functional constipation. In Group B, 4/19 women (21.1%) had lumpy or hard stools. In Group C, 46/50 women (92%) reported straining or incomplete bowel movements, while 49 reported lumpy or hard stools. Regarding CPP, no significant differences were found in VAS pain score between Groups B and C and no changes were found in VAS pain score throughout the 12-week evaluation period. The most common diagnoses associated with CPP were idiopathic pain (44.9%), endometriosis (23.2%) and pelvic adhesions (17.4%). These results showed that functional constipation does not affect pain score in women with CPP / Mestrado / Fisiopatologia Ginecológica / Mestre em Ciências da Saúde