Parlamento teisės ir valstybės valdymo institucijų magistro baigiamojo darbo tema aktuali ir nauja tuo, jog šiame darbe pateikiama Lietuvos konstitucionalistų dar nenagrinėta tema, apimanti lyginamuosius tiek Lietuvos Prezidento bei Parlamento statuso, įgaliojimų, tarpinstitucinių santykių, tiek užsienio valstybių (šiuo atveju pasirinktos JAV, Portugalija bei Latvija) Prezidentų ir Parlamentų statuso, įgaliojimų ir santykių aspektus. Magistro baigiamajame darbe iškelta problema – lyginamosios analizės, susijusios su Prezidento ir Parlamento santykių aspektais trūkumas bei turimos literatūros bazės fragmentiškumas. Šio magistro darbo objektas – Prezidento ir Parlamento santykiai dabartiniu laikotarpiu Lietuvoje bei pasirinktose užsienio šalyse – JAV, Latvijoje ir Portugalijoje, kurie atskleidžiami per šių valdžių turimus konstitucinius įgaliojimus, statusą, funkcijas. Darbe iškeltas tikslas – sistemiškai, remiantis lyginamąja analize, pateikti Prezidento ir Parlamento santykių aspektus Lietuvoje bei pasirinktose užsienio šalyse per šių valdžių turimus konstitucinius įgaliojimus bei statusą, pateikti probleminių sričių sprendimo alternatyvas. Šio tikslo siekiama keliais pagrindiniais uždaviniais: analizuojant Lietuvos bei atskirų šalių (JAV, Latvijos, Portugalijos) Prezidentų ir Parlamentų statuso, funkcijų, įgaliojimų bei tarpinstitucinių santykių konstitucinę reglamentaciją, praktiką, pateikiant panašumus bei skirtumus visose nagrinėtose šalyse. Darbe iškeltos dvi hipotezės:... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The subject of the parliamentary law and public governance institutions is relevant and new, because it was not analysed before in the scientifical publications of Lithuanian constitutionalists. This subject includes the comparative aspects not only of the constitutional status, powers and interinstitutional relations between the President and the Parliament of Lithuania but also foreign countries governmental relations, status and powers (USA, Latvia and Portugal). The problem, set out in this master thesis, is the lack of systematic comparative analysis, that is connected to the presidential and parliamental relations and the fragmentary scientifical basis on this topic. The object of this thesis is the relations between the actual President and Parliament in Lithuania and three chosen foreign countries (USA, Latvia and Portugal), also their constitutional status, powers and functions that stipulates the mentioned governmental relations. The purpose of this work is to reveal the main aspects and possible solutions of the problematical situations in the sphere of presidential and parliamential relations, constitutional status, powers in the governmental field in Lithuania, USA, Latvia and Portugal. The purpose is obtained while using these main tasks: analysing the theory and the practice of the status, powers, intergovernmental relations in Lithuania, USA, Latvia and Portugal, introducing the similarities and the differences among all the mentioned countries and their... [to full text]

This thesis deals with the political situation in the Czech Republic since the parliamentary elections in October 2017 till the successful vote on the government's confidence in July 2018. It focuses specifically on the relations between the political parties, the reasons for refusing cooperation with the winner of the elections, and the motives for a participation on the executive coalition. Emphasis is placed on the parliamentary actors who have fundamentally influenced the emergence of the government. Furthermore, the work clarifies the social environment and important events during the period that was related to the coalition negotiations. At the same time, the text focuses on the role of the President in the formation of the government. Since he is the first directly elected president, the thesis tries to answer the question whether there are visible differences between the two previous indirectly elected presidents of the Czech Republic and current president Miloš Zeman. The thesis also examines the breadth of presidential powers over the government and seeks a possible overrun of powers. The main objective of the work is to verify whether the president extends his power beyond the constitution. For this purpose is uses the comparison of realities with the Constitution of the Czech Republic,...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aloysio Vilarino dos Santos.pdf: 3795775 bytes, checksum: f585f9e7a2ca3350500f18d11fdb9ebd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of the thesis research is to demonstrate the need to change the structure of existing federal state with a new, or proposed to be a "Redesign of the State" because, it was noted during the time that the State is not immune to facts and events (natural or human action), whose concretion requires that the state is able to assimilate them, absorb them and solve them from their existing structure. It is from this perspective that noticed a fragility of our federalism, which requires profound changes in immediate practical and theoretical, structural and legal. The relevance and importance of research, also reside in outline and show that addition of the centralism of the Union, also, an evident abuse in the use of legislative powers between the federal, which, if not completely annulled the powers of other federal entities (Member States and Municipalities) disfigure the Brazilian federalism in a real affront to the Constitution of 1988, against the true spirit of the constituent from which predicted a strengthening of the Brazilian federal state. The third millennium appears with deep sequelae, notably the last century of the second millennium. Eric HOBSBAWM the vision of the past century (XX century) was called as the age of extremes (Age of Extremes: the short twentieth century 1914-1991). It is clear that profound changes occurred in the twentieth century, whose reflections, still, are obvious and noted in the XXI century. The facts and events of the twentieth century have been marked as 2 (two) major World Wars, economic crises, globalization, among others, leaving aside its disastrous effects and damage, also served to show that "the National" and needed Furthermore, should revise its concepts in its various facets, under penalty of died during the twenty-first century. History and other humanities and the social dynamics have shown that the "Economy" is the predominant factor and springboard for the "life in society", therefore, whatever the role of state and leave no part of the aspect economic (micro and macro-economy), because their relationship is direct or interference in the various policies to be adopted (social and non-social), which will be reflected in the state in its entirety. Thus, for the survival of the state itself must be the eyes for the "globe", that is for everything that is happening within the world. The "globalization" in general, is a clear note of the statement above, already in more specific terms it has the "Neoconstitucionalismo. From these two factors some states are changing the way of their decision-making, which should be the tonic current. Thus, the lack of observance of these factors, the follow-making decisions based on the models of the past century without looking at the global, it becomes very dangerous, which shows that there is a need for change and new perspectives. This should be followed, since in 2000 the signatories of the UN (United Nations) are committed to the implementation of "Goals of the Millennium." It is from this picture we notice the need to change or revise the federal model for our state, the change through a new proposal for federalism, it is of vital importance to Brazil, to monitor and to follow the trend current. Moreover, seeking escape from traditional analysis on the topic trying to give a different bias in research, which is bringing to light what the real role of the state, what your real inter-relationship with the Company, which to address this proposal will address issues on "Globalization", and on issues relating to trends that states must follow in relation to development in general, notably on the economic development in view the need for changes in paradigms and crises in the economic sphere, which in truth is the crisis or State therefore has a direct relationship with the model adopted by this or that (s) Member (s). Under internal, or in the case of Brazil this analysis necessarily involves the "economic order" established by the Constitution of 1988, as envisaged in its Title VII, that some of the area of law and also from outside the legal sphere called the "Constitution economy. The focus of this constituent part of the Constitution was to establish a democratic state of law back to the social conditions of life of the majority of the population, as enshrined in the left caput of Article 170: "The economic order, based on the enhancement of human labor and free initiative, aims to ensure decent existence for all, as the dictates of social justice, with the following principles: "Are fundamental objectives outlined in the Constitution of 1988 a cooperative federalism and balance and reduce regional inequalities, whose ultimate purpose is to guarantee citizens the full realization of the common good, which is ultimately the goal is democratic state of law / O objetivo da investigação da tese consiste em demonstrar a necessidade de mudança da estrutura de Estado Federal existente por uma nova; propõe-se um Redesenho do Estado , pois se notou, no decorrer dos tempos, que o Estado não está imune aos fatos e acontecimentos (naturais ou de ação humana), cuja concretização impõe que o Estado tenha condições de assimilá-los, absorvê-los e resolvê-los, a partir da estrutura existente. É a partir dessa ótica que notamos a fragilidade do nosso federalismo, impondo-se imediatas mudanças profundas, práticas e teóricas, estruturais e legais. A relevância e importância da pesquisa também residem em delinear e demonstrar que, além do centralismo da União, ocorre ainda um evidente abuso no uso das competências legislativas desse ente federal que, se não anula por completo as competências dos demais entes federados (Estados-Membros e Municípios), desfigura o federalismo brasileiro, numa verdadeira afronta à Constituição Federal de 1988, contrariando o verdadeiro espírito do constituinte originário, que previu um fortalecimento do Estado Federal Brasileiro. O terceiro milênio surge já marcado profundamente pelo último século do segundo milênio. Na visão de Eric HOBSBAWM, o século XX foi denominado como a era dos extremos . É notório que profundas mudanças ocorreram no século XX e que seus reflexos ainda são evidentes e influenciarão o século XXI. Os fatos e acontecimentos ocorridos no século XX foram muito marcantes, como duas Grandes Guerras Mundiais, crises econômicas, a globalização, entre outros, que, ao lado dos seus efeitos catastróficos e danosos, também serviram para mostrar que os Estados Nacionais precisavam, e ainda precisam, rever seus conceitos nas suas mais diversas facetas, sob pena de sucumbirem no decorrer do século XXI. A História e outras ciências humanas, além da própria dinâmica social, já demonstraram que a Economia é a mola propulsora e fator preponderante da vida em sociedade ; portanto, qualquer que seja a atuação do Estado, não há como deixar de lado o aspecto econômico (micro e macroeconomia), pois sua relação ou interferência está diretamente relacionada às diversas políticas a serem adotadas (sociais e não sociais), e cujo reflexo se dará no Estado na sua totalidade. Dessa forma, para a sobrevivência do próprio Estado, é necessário o olhar atento para o Globo Terrestre , ou seja, para tudo o que está ocorrendo no âmbito mundial. A Globalização , em termos gerais, é uma nota clara dessa situação e, já em termos mais específicos, tem-se o Neoconstitucionalismo : a partir desses dois fatores, alguns Estados vêm mudando a forma de suas tomadas de decisões, o que deveria ser a tônica atual. Na falta de observância desses fatores, a tomada de decisões baseadas nos modelos do século passado, sem o olhar global, torna-se precária e prejudicial, demonstrando a necessidade de mudanças e de novas perspectivas. Isso porque, no ano de 2000, os Estados signatários da ONU (Organização das Nações Unidas) se comprometeram com a implementação das Metas do Milênio . Com base nesse panorama geral, nota-se a necessidade de mudança ou de revisão do modelo federal do Estado Federal Brasileiro, uma vez que essa modificação, mediante uma nova proposta de federalismo, é de importância vital para o Brasil, inclusive para que possa acompanhar e seguir as tendências atuais. Ademais, procurou-se dar um viés diferente na investigação, qual seja, trazer à tona o necessário papel do Estado, qual a sua real inter-relação com a sociedade. Para levar adiante essa proposta, serão abordadas questões relativas à Globalização, bem como às tendências a que os Estados deverão seguir no tocante ao desenvolvimento em geral, notadamente quanto ao desenvolvimento econômico, tendo em vista a necessidade de mudanças de paradigmas, buscando evitar crises ocorridas na esfera econômica que, na verdade, são crises do Estado, e, portanto, possuem relação direta com o modelo adotado. No âmbito interno, ou seja, no caso brasileiro, essa análise necessariamente passa pela Ordem Econômica estabelecida pela Constituição Federal de 1988, conforme prevista em seu Título VII, que alguns, da área do Direito e também fora da esfera jurídica, denominam Constituição Econômica . O foco do Constituinte, nessa parte da Constituição, foi o de estabelecer um Estado Democrático de Direito, voltado às condições sociais da vida da população, consoante restou consignado no caput do artigo 170: A ordem econômica, fundada na valorização do trabalho humano e na livre iniciativa, tem por fim assegurar a todos existência digna, conforme os ditames da justiça social. Constituem, portanto, objetivos fundamentais, traçados na Constituição de 1988, um federalismo cooperativo e de equilíbrio, e de redução das desigualdades regionais, cuja finalidade última é a garantia da realização plena do bem comum, que, em última análise, é objetivo do Estado Democrático de Direito

This thesis generally focuses on the president's role in the formation of the first government of Andrej Babiš after the 2017 parliamentary elections. As this government ruled for several months without the confidence of the Chamber of Deputies, the key part of the thesis further concerns the issue of the investiture vote. In the context of the post-election period, the thesis examines specific steps taken by the president in the government formation process in order to evaluate whether the manifestations of the president's influence are in line with the basic preconditions for the functioning of the executive power. The issue of confidence is assessed with respect to whether it is necessary for the government to rely on the confidence of the Chamber of Deputies, both in terms of relations between the executive and the legislature, but also regarding the government performance. Emphasis is therefore placed on the complex problematization of the investiture vote and the issue of confidence is then analysed primarily at the level of government's accountability to the Chamber of Deputies. Furthermore, the thesis confronts the first cabinet of Andrej Babiš with the basic prerequisites for effective government and aims to prove whether its appointment created a cabinet with the potential to govern...