The following Master’s Thesis aims to describe the social and intellectual state of Austrian and German society after World War II through the perspective of two internationally renowned modern playwrights - Peter Turrini and Rainer Werner Fassbinder. As part of the Postmodern movement, the two authors share the view that “modern man” is in a state of self-alienation and strive, through exaggeration and an emphasis on travesty, to bring the intellectually and socially impoverished condition of modern society on stage. Both plays analyze the discrepancy between Europe’s democratic spirit in the mid-sixties and the mentality of everyday individuals (“Katzelmacher”; 1968), as well as the institutional-representatives nearly forty years later (“Ich liebe dieses Land”; 2001), who continue to consider foreigners as a threat and devalue those individuals as outsiders and marginal figures.

Literature by authors from the GDR has often been read with a focus on its sociopolitical context ‒ before and after the fall of the Wall. This rather one-dimensional approach has resulted in a lack of engagement with the more complex issues raised in many of those texts. Frequently, they address broader theoretical questions and delve into universal themes, which tend to be overlooked or sidelined. This PhD thesis concentrates on a selection of post-Wende texts by Monika Maron and Jenny Erpenbeck, two authors from the former East Germany. Starting from the premise that both authors' oeuvres serve on one level as critical investigations of the GDR and the significant aftermath of its collapse, I aim to demonstrate that these narratives have more to offer. My analysis brings to light the complexity of the examined works by addressing what it regards as their central themes: the exploration of questions around the topics of Heimat and memory. This research project draws attention to the texts' representation of underlying issues such as dislocation and fragmentation, and in doing so it examines how both authors depict concerns that go beyond the GDR and its demise. A key task is the analysis of the ways in which Monika Maron and Jenny Erpenbeck portray the symptoms of a wider ‘modern conditionʼ, a state characterized by instability and uncertainty. Based on the concept of ambivalence, introduced to the debates about modernity by Zygmunt Bauman in the early 1990s, this original comparative approach explores the failure and the ultimate collapse of the socialist utopia as a paradigm for the breakdown of the ‘grand narrativesʼ in modern, Western pluralist societies. Thus, this PhD thesis illuminates how both authors position themselves in relation to competing discourses about the GDR, and it simultaneously alerts the reader to the texts' inherent complexity by revealing their strong ties to topical issues regarding the much-debated term of modernity. Ultimately, I claim that Maron and Erpenbeck set out to investigate the impact of larger processes of fragmentation, and try to establish the possible role of and a ‘placeʼ for the individual that is exposed to historical forces and the rapid changes of spatio-temporal parameters within modernity, of which the GDR experience forms one part.

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The present thesis is based on lexicographic processing of pronouns for the Large German- Czech Academic Dictionary (VNČAS). Its aim is to identify processing problems in selected dictionaries in the area of pronouns. Based on the dictionary entries proposed for VNČAS will be demonstrated a possible solution to these problems. The identified problems relate to the following areas: grammar in the dictionary, selection of example sentences, dictionary criminality, and user-friendliness of the dictionary. Key Words: lexicography, pronouns, contemporary German, corpus linguistics, grammar

The thesis analyses the topic of the interpersonal relations in the first three novels written by a contemporary German writer Thomas Lang. The thesis aims to introduce his work in the Czech environment as he is not very well known even among the Czech Germanists. At the same time, the thesis introduces certain trends in the contemporary German literature. One of its most prominent themes is the problem of the interpersonal relations which provides an inspiration for many authors including Lang. In his work, he deals with a dysfunctional communication caused by the modern life style. Lang tells stories of men and women of his generation, who are very much attached to their careers, live through ups and downs or who live on the margins of society. The characters suffer in their life roles which are dictated by the social conventions and they try to find some other ways of living their lives. The characters' problems are mainly seen in a defective communication within their families. This is the case of Lang's first novel Than (2002) where the main protagonist decides not to speak in order to avoid the contact with other people and to be an unnoticed observer of the events. His intention fails as his dumbness attracts attention and he gets into unexpected conflicts. Lang' s second novel Am Seil...

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-09-17T11:25:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Antônio Henrique Paz do Amaral - 2018.pdf: 1077489 bytes, checksum: 0387588d425738ba53ea8d493aa80499 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Rejected by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com), reason: Olhe as palavras chaves on 2018-09-19T12:36:39Z (GMT) / Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-09-19T13:13:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Antônio Henrique Paz do Amaral - 2018.pdf: 1077489 bytes, checksum: 0387588d425738ba53ea8d493aa80499 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-09-20T11:18:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Antônio Henrique Paz do Amaral - 2018.pdf: 1077489 bytes, checksum: 0387588d425738ba53ea8d493aa80499 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-20T11:18:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação - Antônio Henrique Paz do Amaral - 2018.pdf: 1077489 bytes, checksum: 0387588d425738ba53ea8d493aa80499 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Martin Heidegger did not make a philosophy of history on the side of a philosophy of language, man or being. Nevertheless, the thematic of history was very relevant to his thought, which has always aspired to a unifying totality around the question of the meaning of being. What is the condition of possibility of history? What makes us historical beings? This question is the one that Heidegger calls in Being and Time, the question of the historicity of history. The starting point to think this question is found on the distinctive openness of Dasein to its proper temporality, articulated in three fundamental Ekstasis which unify themselves in the existential of care – in sequence of originality: advenient-future, essential-past and the instant-present. Assuming resolute in its Being-towards-death, the Dasein gives openness to the retrieval of past, as a repetition of utmost and most original possibilities buried by tradition. Another starting point is the questioning of history from the question of the meaning of nihilism and the death of God, which involve our epoch, through a attentive dialogue with Nietzsche’s work. So Heidegger understands our historicity since a essential remission to what that, in its late thinking phase, he calls “history of Being”. / Martin Heidegger não fez uma filosofia da história à parte de uma filosofia da linguagem, da homem, ou do ser. Não obstante, a temática da história foi de suma relevância a seu pensamento, que sempre aspirou uma totalidade unificante em torno da questão do sentido do Ser. Qual é a condição de possibilidade da história? O que faz de nós seres históricos? Esta pergunta é a que Heidegger chama, em Ser e Tempo, de a questão da historicidade da história. O ponto de partida para se pensar esta questão encontra-se na abertura distintiva do Dasein para a sua temporalidade própria, articulada em três ekstases fundamentais que se unificam no existencial do cuidado – em ordem de originariedade: o futuro-adveniente, o passado-essencial e o presente-instante. Pondo-se resoluto em seu ser-para-a-morte, o Dasein dá abertura para a retroveniência do passado, enquanto repetição das possibilidades derradeiras e mais originárias soterradas pela tradição. Outro ponto de partida, é o questionamento da história a partir da pergunta pelo sentido do niilismo e da morte de Deus, que envolvem nossa época, através de um diálogo atento com a obra de Nietzsche. Assim, Heidegger compreende a nossa historicidade desde uma remissão essencial àquilo que, em sua fase tardia de pensamento, ele nomeia de a “história do Ser”

Folgende Dissertationsschrift setzt sich zum Ziel, den gegenwärtigen Diskurs über Europas Osten auf der literarischen Ebene zu untersuchen. Wie Hartmut Böhme zu Recht anmerkt, seien sich Reisen und Schreiben in ihrem Wesen sehr ähnlich. Während Reisen ein Er-Fahren der Welt bedeutet, kann Schreiben als Durchquerung der Sprachräume gelten. Die Bewegungen im Raum der umgebenden Welt und im Raum der Imagination und der Sprache führen dazu, dass die symbolischen Topographien neu kartiert und dadurch neue Orientierungen vermittelt werden können. Anhand der Prosawerke der jungen, nach dem Krieg geborenen Generation der deutschsprachigen SchriftstellerInnen, die mit der Selbstverständlichkeit der bipolaren Teilung der Welt aufgewachsen sind, wird untersucht, wie die literarische Karte Europas im gegenwärtigen literarischen Diskurs neu entworfen wird. Die Verfasserin argumentiert, dass es keineswegs die der Ost-West-Dichotomie immanenten Denkmuster sind, die die auf der literarischen Ebene vermittelte Wahrnehmung der Region prägen. Im Gegenteil, während die AutorInnen auf überraschend viele literarische Stoffe, Motive literarische Denkmuster zurückgreifen, bestätigen sie die Gültigkeit der These von Horst Steinmetz auch in Bezug auf die neueste deutsche Literatur: dass literarische Werke nicht nur auf die konkreten Aspekte der umgebenden Welt, sondern darüber hinaus auf literarische Traditionen reagieren, denen sie sich immer wieder, zum Teil im Widerspruch, und zum Teil unbewusst, eingliedern. / The following PhD-thesis aims to analyze the contemporary discourse on Eastern Europe which has been established in the most recent German-language prose works. Just as Hartmut Böhme stated, traveling and writing are both very similar. While traveling means exploring the world, writing can be experienced as a transition through the spaces of language. All these movements, either in physical space or in the sphere of language and imagination, lead to new mapping of symbolic topographies and can so convey new reference points. On the basis of the prose works of the young post-World War II generation of German-language authors who grew up with the overwhelming awareness of the bipolar division of the world, the thesis investigates how they re-map the perception of Europe. The author argues that these are not the traded patterns of perception referring to the East-West-Division which are being used in contemporary prose works. On the contrary, by making recourse to a surprisingly large number of topics, subjects and motives from the prior literary works, the new generation of authors seems to confirm the assumption of Horst Steinmetz in regard to the most recent literature – literary works react not only to the concrete aspects of the contemporary world, but also to the literary traditions, that they repeatedly and constantly refer to. They contradict or affirm, in an unconscious or considered manner, prior literary traditions.

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