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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Les clauses abusives dans les contrats conclus avec les consommateurs : aspects de droit français, moldave et de l'Union Européenne / The unfair terms of consumer contracts. : aspect of French, Moldavian and of European Union

Plotnic, Olesea 28 June 2013 (has links)
Les droits français, moldave et communautaire de la consommation partagent, sinon une source, du moins, une certaine idée de la protection du consommateur contre les clauses abusives. La comparaison avec les systèmes français et de l’Union Européenne mettent, par exemple, en évidence l'opportunité de l'adoption d’un mécanisme de lutte contre les clauses abusives dans les contrats de consommation. Les critères de l’absence de négociation directe, de la contrariété à l’exigence de bonne foi et d u déséquilibre significatif, piliers du système de protection, permettent au juge d'apprécier les clauses abusives avec souplesse, dans les trois systèmes, à l’effet de garantir l'efficacité de la protection du consommateur comme partie faible au contrat.La comparaison avec le système en vigueur en France, plus particulièrement, met toutefois en lumière les limites du système moldave. En Moldova, les difficultés viennent de l’intérieur ; on voit se reproduire des erreurs du passé, lorsque, par exemple, les pouvoirs publics incitent les consommateurs -surtout les plus démunis -à la surconsommation. La notion de consommation durable doit s'appliquer aussi dans ce domaine. À défaut, des dysfonctions sociales surgissent inévitablement. En France, en revanche, les ennuis viennent de l'extérieur. Les besoins du marché européen unique ont parfois pour effet de réduire la protection organisée au sein de l'ordre juridique national. Le mécanisme d'harmonisation maximale de la législation de l’Union Européenne placele législateur national dans une position délicate par rapport aux attentes du mouvement consumériste. Il pourrait en être ainsi en matière des clauses abusives dans un futur proche. / French law, Moldavian law and Community law concerning the right consumer share, if not a source, at least, a certain idea of consumer protection against unfair terms. The comparison with the French and with the system of the European Union, put, for example, in evidence the desirability of adopting a mechanism to combat unfair terms in contracts concluded with consumers. Lack of direct negotiation, contradiction with the requirement of good faith and the significant imbalance, pillars of the protective system, allow the judge to appreciate unfair terms flexibly in all three systems, with the effect of guaranteeing the effectiveness of consumer protection as a socially vulnerable part of the contract. The comparison with the system in force in France, in particular, highlights in the same time the limits of the Moldovan system. In Moldova, the difficulties arise from inside, we see the same mistakes of the past when, for example, public powers encouraged consumers, especially the poor to overconsumption. The concept of sustainable consumption should also be applied in this area. Otherwise, social dysfunctions appear inevitable. In France, however, the problems are coming from the outside. The needs of the single European market sometimes have the effect of reducing the protection offered by the national legal order. The maximum harmonization of the legislation of the European Union places the national legislator in a difficult position in relation to the expectations of the consumerist movement. This might actually be, incidentally, in the field of unfair terms and, in the near future. / Dreptul francez, moldav şi comunitar cu privire la dreptul de consum împărtăşesc, dacă nu o sursă, cel puţin, o anumită idee de protecţie a consumatorului împotriva clauzelor abuzive. Comparaţia cu sistemul francez şi cu cel al Uniunii Europene, pune, spre exemplu, în evidenţă oportunitatea adoptării unui mecanism de luptă împotriva clauzelor abuzive în contractele încheiate cu consumatorii. Criterille de lipsa negocierii directe, contradicţia cu cerinţade bună credinţă şi de dezechilibru semnificativ, piloni ai sistemului de protecţie, permit judecătorului de a aprecia clauzele abuzive cu flexibilitate, în toate cele trei sisteme, cu efectul de a garanta eficienţa de protecţie a consumatorului ca parte defavorizată a contractului.Comparaţia cu sistemul în vigoare din Franţa, în mod special, evidenţiază în aceleaşi timp limitele sistemului moldovenesc. În Moldova, dificultăţile provin din interior, vom vedea aceleaşi greşeli din trecut cînd, de exemplu, puterile publice încurajau consumatorii, în special cei săraci -la supraconsum. Conceptul de consum durabil trebuie de asemenea să se aplice în acest domeniu. În caz contrar, disfuncţii sociale apar inevitabil. În Franţa, cu toate acestea, problemele vin din exterior. Nevoile unei pieţi europene unice au uneori ca efect de a reduce protecţia oferită de ordinea juridică naţională. Mecanismul de maximă armonizare a legislaţiei Uniunii Europene plasează legiuitorul naţional într-o poziţie dificilă în raport cu aşteptările mişcării consumeriste. Acest fapt ar putea fi, de altfel, şi în materia clauzelor abuzive, într-un viitor apropriat.
2

Le contrat d'adhésion : étude comparée des droits français et koweïtien / The contract of adhesion : comparison study of French and Kuwaiti laws

Jamal, Mona 24 October 2017 (has links)
Le contrat d’adhésion a pendant longtemps fait l’objet d’un débat doctrinal. Ce contrat voit le jour dans des circonstances où bien souvent lors de sa conclusion, l’adhérent se trouve en position d’infériorité́ par rapport au stipulant. Ce déséquilibre aboutit à ce que le contrat est préalablement élaboré́ et rédigé́ par le stipulant. Quant à l'adhérent, il ne fait qu'adhérer à un contrat préétabli dont il n'a pas discuté́ les conditions. Dans ce contexte, la loi des parties cause parfois des inégalités, voire même certains abus. La nouvelle consécration du contrat d’adhésion dans le Code civil français, par l’ordonnance n° 2016- 131 du 10 Fév. 2016 marque une évolution. D’où toute l’importance d’une réflexion sur le concept de contrat d’adhésion en droits français et koweïtien. L’approche comparative nous a permis de saisir les points de convergence et de divergence qui existent entre ces droits aussi bien au niveau du régime juridique qu’au niveau de la protection. Au final, s’est posée la question de savoir si le droit koweïtien peut être amélioré en s’inspirant du droit français. / The contract of adhesion has been the subject of doctrinal debate for long time and usually arises during the signing of contracts. In such conditions one party will be in a position of inferiority compared to the other contracting party. This imbalance will usually be in favor of the first party who prepared the contract. As for the second party who will not be in the position of negotiating, they will merely adhere to a pre-established contract without having the possibility to discuss the terms. In this context, the law of the parties’ sometimes causes inequalities and certain abuses. The new reform of French Civil code law dated 10 Feb. 2016, marks an evolution; Hence, the importance of a reflection on the concept of the contract of adhesion in French and Kuwaiti law. The comparative approach allows us to grasp the points of convergence and divergence that exist between these statutes in regard to both the legal system of the contract of adhesion and the level of protection. This brings us to question whether the Kuwaiti law can be improved by embracing the French law.

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