Text in Afrikaans / Die Wet op Misbruik van Afhankl ikheidsvormende Stowwe beheer tans die regsposisie betreffende die misbruik van dwelmmiddels. Orie klasse afhankl ikheidsvormende medisyne word geskep waarvan slegs die handeldryf in verbode afhankl ikheidsvormende medisyne bespreek word. Benewens die gewone betekenis van handeldryf, het die Wetgewer 'n uitgebreide betekenis daaraan gegee om begrippe soos "oorlaai", "toediening", "versending" en "voorskryf" in te sluit. Die vermoedens, wat die Wetgewer in die Wet ingebou het om die taak van die vervolging te vergemakl ik, sowel as die voorverelstes vir die inwerkingstel I ing daarvan, word bespreek. Verbode Afhankl ikheidsvormende medisyne word gelys in Deel I in die Bylae tot die Wet en die strekking van die bewyslas op die vervolging word bespreek. Geen statut~re regverdigingsgronde word geskep nie, maar die gemeenregtel ike regverdigingsgronde behoort hier aanwending te vind. Opset blyk die vereiste skuldvorm te wees. Wet 101 van 1965 en Wet 41 van 1971 oorvleuel tot 'n sekere mate en by botsende bepal ings sal die 1971-wet voorkeur geniet. / The law with regard to the dependance-producing drugs is governed by the Act on the Misuse of Dependence-producing drugs. The Act distinguishes between three types of dependence-producing drugs and the work focuses only on prohibited dependence-producing drugs. The lawmaker gave extended interpretation to the term" dealing in" to include aspects Iike the transfer from one vehicle to another, administering, dispatching and prescription. Certain presumptions which Iighten the burden of proof on the prosecution were introduced in the act and the prerequisites for their operation are discussed. No statutory defences are created but it is submitted that common law defences should apply. Intention is set down to constitute the required mens areas. Act 101 of 1965 and Act 41 of 1971 overlap on certain aspects where sections are in conflict with each other, the latter Act should receive preference. / Criminology and Security Science / LL.M.

This study investigates whether quality management has developed to such an extent that retailers, service repair organisations and consumers are satisfied with product and repair service quality provided by South African manufacturing companies. To investigate these aspects, the colour television industry has been selected because it contains various manufacturing companies of varying sizes and characters, employing different quality policies and performances. It offers relatively standardised products and services, which facilitates intercompany comparisons and employs a simple flow type assembly line process that is representative of other mass production industries. The hypotheses are tested by interviewing four selected populations by means of carefully constructed questionnaires, namely a retail population, a repair service population, a consumer population and a manufacturing population. The empirical results are statistically evaluated in terms of the various manufacturers ability to provide satisfactory product and repair service quality. Consumers and repair service organisations are selected because they represent a broad spectrum of the population with varying, but important opinions on product and repair service quality. Retailers selling colour television receivers are also selected as they play an important role in the management of quality and vary from small independent retailers to large chain stores and discounters. The results obtained from this study show that: • there is a need from the retailers, service repair organisations and consumers for the South African manufacturers to improve the quality of colour television receivers • there is a need by the consumers and the retailers for the manufacturers to improve their repair service quality • there is a need to improve the quality control procedures employed by the colour television manufacturers. / Business Management / D. Com. (Business Management)

Interference of natural environment by invasive plants is a global concern. In South Africa and in particular Gauteng Province, interference of natural land by invasive plants that originated from other countries has been an endemic problem. These invasive plants pose a threat to biodiversity as a result of its wild and wide dispersion rate where it spreads into neighbouring Provinces such as Mpumalanga, Limpopo, North West and the Free State. Pompom weed is aggressive to control and can spread by means of both wind and water. This research project investigates problems associated with ineffective control of invasive plants in general and pompom weed in particular. State organs, Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and farming communities were identified as relevant respondents in this study. Three hundred (300) validated questionnaires were distributed to these stakeholders and 286 were adequately completed and received. These were analysed and the data interpreted. Results obtained showed that lack of coordination and teamwork from all stakeholders are responsible for ineffective control of invasive plants in the country. The use of biological control was recommended for the control and eradication of the invasive plants. / Environmental Sciences / M.A. (Environmental Management)

Ethel M. Doidge's thesis is placed on the UIR in 2013 to celebrate 140 years of university education in South Africa. She was the first women to receive a D.Sc. from Unisa'a predecessor, the University of the Cape of Good Hope in 1914 / This thesis researched a mango disease which caused considerable loss to mango growers in South Africa at the beginning of the twentieth century, particularly around Barberton, Warm baths and the coastal region of Natal. The disease caused dark angular spots on the leaves. This did not noticeably affect the general health of the tree, but served as a source of infection for the fruit. The infected fruit is detached from the tree by the slightest air movement and falls rotting to the ground. The infection is carried by wind and rain. Several spraying experiments were carried out at Barberton in an orchard placed at the author's disposal by Messrs Winter Brothers during an exceptionally dry season, which showed that spraying with Bordeaux mixture, iron sulphide or Hyco/ was useless in checking the disease. The disease had not been described in the literature before. According to the author, the cause of the disease was a flagellate bacillus Bacillus mangiferae. It invades the parenchyma, wedging apart and killing the cells and causing gummosis, but it does not touch the lignified tissues. The organism is described, and was tested in detail in laboratory experiments and a resume of its salient characters is given in the thesis / Agriculture and  Animal Health / D.Sc. (Botany)

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Rapid urbanisation, coupled with growing per capita incomes and a rapid rising middle class, is triggering rapid growth in urban food markets. Despite these opportunities, agriculture in South Africa is confronted with diminishing profit margins due to direct production cost increasing at rates above the revenue generated from agricultural products. This research assignment has aimed to define the attributes of an effective agricultural value chain in South Africa, given the challenges faced. To achieve this goal, the research focus was on the results of an in-depth analysis of the Dutoit Group’s deciduous fruit value chain. To be able to perform a value chain analysis it is of utmost importance to first understand the meaning of the concepts as well as their origin and the evolution of their application. This is achieved through a comprehensive study of literature. Three value chain analysis tools were used for the research. These tools were an industry analysis, value chain maps and benchmarking. Through the literature review the importance and relevance of these three tools were also explored and reasons provided why they can be regarded to be adequate for a proper in-depth analysis. An overview of the Dutoit Group’s history, focusing on the specific key events influencing the evolution of their value chains, is also discussed together with their business philosophy, business model and main accomplishments. This is done to provide context to the environment in which the value chain analysis process was performed. The main focus of the fourth chapter is the application of the three value chain analysis tools on the Dutoit Group’s deciduous fruit value chain, utilising primary and secondary data collected through interviews with specific value chain actors, observations, management information and literature obtained from the public domain. Through the application of the three value chain analysis tools the effectiveness of the Dutoit Group’s deciduous fruit value chain was evaluated, and strengths and weaknesses identified. The research results showed that the Dutoit Group’s internal deciduous fruit value chain has been effective in addressing the risk of diminishing profit margins. In addition the results showed that the key attributes of an effective value chain which are able to address the current challenges are defined as effective integration, strong relationships between value chain actors, high levels of productivity and strong leadership.

Thesis (MScConsEcol (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (obscure mealybug), is a common and serious pest of apples and pears in South Africa. Consumer and regulatory pressure to produce commodities under sustainable and ecologically compatible conditions has rendered chemical control options increasingly limited. Information on the seasonal occurrence of pests is but one of the vital components of an effective and sustainable integrated pest management system needed for planning the initiation of monitoring and determining when damage can be expected. It is also important to identify which orchards are at risk of developing mealybug infestations while development of effective and early monitoring tools for mealybug populations will help growers in making decisions with regards to pest management and crop suitability for various markets. It is also essential to determine the presence and efficacy of naturally occurring biological control agents in orchards so as to ascertain the potential of biological control as a viable alternative in orchards. However, under the current integrated pest management protocol, it has been difficult to determine this, due to the sporadic and relatively low incidence of mealybug infestations in some orchards, or by simply relying on naturally occurring field populations of biocontrol agents. Knowledge of the environmental conditions under which P. viburni population levels may become destructive is also essential for timing the release of insectary reared natural enemies as well as understanding the population ecology of this pest and its natural enemies. Information was gathered regarding the seasonal phenology of P. viburni and its natural enemies in pome fruit orchards in the Western Cape Province during the 2007/08 and 2008/09 growing seasons. Seasonal population studies showed that P. viburni has multiple overlapping generations with all life stages present throughout the year. The highest orchard infestations occurred during the summer period until early winter (January to early June). This was followed by a decrease in population from late June to November, before another increase in December. Presence-absence sampling of mealybugs on the host plant revealed that woody parts of the tree, such as the trunk and old stems were the most preferred sites for mealybug habitation, due to the availability of protected refuge sites. Migration of mealybug populations to newer growth and the upper sections of the tree crown, such as the new stems, leaves and eventually the fruit, was observed from December throughout the summer period until the early winter in June. Fruit colonization in both apples and pears commenced in January, when the fruit had developed a size sufficient for P. viburni to penetrate and occupy spaces such as the fruit core, calyx and stem end. There was no evidence of P. viburni occurring beneath the soil surface or on the roots of host trees. Two natural enemies of mealybugs, namely Pseudaphycus maculipennis (Mercet) and Coccidoxenoides perminutus (Girault), were found to be active in apple and pear orchards in the Western Cape. However, the status of C. perminutus as a parasite of P. viburni still needs to be verified despite evidence of emergence from P. viburni mummies, which was not sufficient enough to suggest that it is a useful biological control agent. Seasonal abundance trends of the two natural enemies revealed that their lifecycle is synchronized with that of the host. However, there was no evidence of P. maculipennis activity in Ceres. No predators were found during the course of this study. The rate of P. viburni parasitism at harvest was 46.52%, with P. maculipennis and C. perminutus constituting 98.966% and 1.034% of the parasitoids recovered from mealybug mummies, respectively. Studies on the use of pheromone traps as early monitoring tools for P. viburni showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the fruit infestation and number of P. viburni adult males caught in pheromone-baited traps (r2 = 0.454). The action threshold level was estimated to be 2.5 male P. viburni caught per trap per fortnight at an economic threshold of 2% fruit infestation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (ligrooswitluis), is ‘n algemene en ernstige plaag van appels en pere in Suid-Afrika. Druk deur verbruikers en regulasies om kommoditeite onder volhoubare en ekologies verenigbare toestande te produseer het chemiese beheeropsies toenemend beperk. Inligting oor die seisoenale voorkoms van plae is een van die essensiële komponente van ‘n effektiewe en volhoubare geïntegreerde plaagbestuurprogram. Dit is in die aanvanklike beplanning van monitering en om te bepaal wanneer skade verwag kan word. Dit is ook belangrik om boorde vroegtydig te identifiseer wat die risiko het om witluisbesmettings te ontwikkel. Die ontwikkeling van effektiewe en vroeë moniteringstegnieke vir witluisbevolkings sal produsente help met besluitneming rakende plaagbestuur en die geskiktheid van gewasse vir verskeie markte. Dit is ook noodsaaklik om die teenwoordigheid en effektiwiteit van biologiese beheer agente wat natuurlik in boorde voorkom te bepaal ten einde die potensiaal van biologiese beheer as ‘n lewensvatbare alternatief vas te stel. Onder die huidige geïntegreerde plaagbestuurprotokol was dit egter moeilik om laasgenoemde te bepaal weens die sporadiese en relatiewe lae voorkoms van witluisbesmettings in sommige boorde of deur bloot staat te maak op die veldpopulasies van biologiese beheer agente wat natuurlik voorkom. Kennis van die omgewingstoestande waaronder P. viburni bevolkingsvlakke skadelik raak is ook noodsaaklik vir die beplanning van vrylating van biologiese beheer agente, asook om die bevolkingsekologie van hierdie plaag en sy natuurlike vyande te verstaan. Inligting oor die seisoenale fenologie van P. viburni en sy natuurlike vyande in sagtevrugte boorde in die Westelike Kaapprovinsie is gedurende die 2007/08 en 2008/09 groeiseisoene versamel. Seisoenale bevolkingstudies het getoon dat P. viburni verskeie oorvleuelende generasies het met alle stadia teenwoordig regdeur die jaar.

Ethel M. Doidge's thesis is placed on the UIR in 2013 to celebrate 140 years of university education in South Africa. She was the first women to receive a D.Sc. from Unisa'a predecessor, the University of the Cape of Good Hope in 1914 / This thesis researched a mango disease which caused considerable loss to mango growers in South Africa at the beginning of the twentieth century, particularly around Barberton, Warm baths and the coastal region of Natal. The disease caused dark angular spots on the leaves. This did not noticeably affect the general health of the tree, but served as a source of infection for the fruit. The infected fruit is detached from the tree by the slightest air movement and falls rotting to the ground. The infection is carried by wind and rain. Several spraying experiments were carried out at Barberton in an orchard placed at the author's disposal by Messrs Winter Brothers during an exceptionally dry season, which showed that spraying with Bordeaux mixture, iron sulphide or Hyco/ was useless in checking the disease. The disease had not been described in the literature before. According to the author, the cause of the disease was a flagellate bacillus Bacillus mangiferae. It invades the parenchyma, wedging apart and killing the cells and causing gummosis, but it does not touch the lignified tissues. The organism is described, and was tested in detail in laboratory experiments and a resume of its salient characters is given in the thesis / Agriculture and  Animal Health / D.Sc. (Botany)

A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Master of Arts in Demography and Population Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, 2017 / BACKGROUND: Nigeria has a very low level of modern contraceptive use; with resultant effects of high fertility, and maternal and child mortality. It is Africa’s most populated country, and with a rapid growth rate. Modern methods of contraception is a crucial strategy to reduce the high fertility rate, halt population growth, lessen child mortality, and enhance maternal health. This study aims to assess partner’s economic and demographic asymmetries as barriers contributing to the uptake of modern contraceptives among young married and cohabiting women aged 15-24 years in Nigeria. METHOD: This study used data from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey 2013, with a sample of 4,981 young (15 – 24 years) married and cohabiting women. The Health Belief Model was used to explain partner’s socio-economic and demographic differences as barriers to the utilisation of modern contraceptives. Frequency distributions and binomial logistic regression were carried out using STATA v12 to answer the research questions. RESULTS: Only 6% of young married and cohabiting women use modern contraceptives. In the unadjusted analyses, women who were in less homogamous unions were less likely to practise modern method contraception. Respondents younger than their partners by 6-10 years and respondents younger by 11 or more years were less likely to use modern contraceptives (UOR= 0.357, CI 0.135-0.943; UOR= 0.223, CI 0.084-0.595). Respondents whose partners want more children were less likely to use modern contraceptives while respondents whose partners want fewer number of children compared to them were more likely to use modern contraceptives (UOR= 0.325, CI 0.240-0.439; UOR= 1.812 CI 1.1082.963 respectively). However, these associations were no longer significant after adjusting for women’s age, highest level of education, place of residence, religion, and region of residence and other differences. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that socio-economic and demographic differences between married partners are not associated with young women's contraceptive use in Nigeria, after adjusting for women’s characteristics. Further studies, especially qualitative studies, are needed to understand this finding. Keywords: Modern contraceptives, young married women, partner asymmetries, Health Belief Model, Nigeria / GR2018

there is a growing body of research on men who have sex with men (MSM) and risk factors for HIV in South Africa. However, in order to develop more appropriate and relevant interventions to reduce the transmission of HIV amongst MSM and MSMW, there was a need to deepen our understanding of sexual risk behaviour and protective practices. The aim of the study was to explore the sexual risk and protective behaviour of men who have sex with men and women in Soweto, South Africa.

Research report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Commerce in Development Theory and Policy at The University of the Witwatersrand 2016 / This study investigates the nature of labelling and regulation in South African free-range dairy production. It aims to reveal the complexities of designing and implementing regulation on process characteristics and policy’s failure to address the heterogeneous needs of consumers and producers. In parallel, the tensions that arise in the policy-production interaction are considered. This research addresses a gap in the theoretical and industry literature regarding understanding and explaining labelling, certification and regulation of credence attributes, such as animal welfare, within food systems. It provides interesting and important insight into regulation’s role in developing alternative production structures and niche markets as a response to variety in consumers’ needs and tastes. It is therefore relevant more broadly for understanding drivers for and governance of other niche production structures such as organic, fair-trade and religious or cultural influences. / MT2017