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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Risks and Risk Premiums in Commodity Markets

Handika, Rangga 19 February 2014 (has links)
Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht Risikofaktoren und Risikoprämien in Rohstoffmärkten und beinhaltet vier empirische Studien. Die ersten zwei Studien konzentrieren sich dabei auf Risikoprämien von verbundenen Terminmärkten für Elektrizität in Australien. In der dritten Studie wird ein Modell zur Beschreibung von extremen Preissprüngen bei Strom entwickelt. Die vierte Studie untersucht schließlich Risikoprämien in der Convenience Yield auf Rohstoffmärkten. (Für eine detailliertere Beschreibung der einzelnen Studien wird auf die jeweilige englische Zusammenfassung verwiesen.)
2

Análise da teoria da estocagem sobre a base dos contratos futuros de soja no Brasil / Analysis of theory of storage on the \"basis\" of soybean futures contracts in Brazil.

Silveira, Gabriel Agnesini da 28 November 2017 (has links)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto das variáveis da \"Teoria da Estocagem\", como custo de oportunidade e estoque, sobre a \"base\" dos contratos futuros de soja negociados na BM&FBOVESPA, para um período de cinco anos e com dados diários, de outubro de 2013 a março de 2017. Foi proposta uma análise semelhante à de Fama e French (1987) a qual verificou o impacto dos custos de oportunidade do capital e de uma proxy para o estoque de soja, visando capturar os custos de estocagem e o benefício de conveniência, derivados da teoria da estocagem. Verificou-se que o custo de oportunidade dos agentes de mercado impacta positivamente a base, da mesma forma, o estoque também impacta de forma positiva a base. Os resultados encontrados estão em conformidade com a teoria de estocagem proposta por Working (1949). Assim, a principal contribuição do trabalho é fornecer à literatura evidências empíricas que sustentem o comportamento da base de soja no Brasil / The study aimed to evaluate the impact of the \"Theory of Storage\" variables based on the soybean futures contracts traded on BM&FBOVESPA for a period of five years with daily data, from October 2013 to March 2017. An analysis similar to that of Fama and French (1987) was proposed, which verified the impact of the opportunity costs of capital and a proxy for the soybean stock, aiming to capture the storage costs and the benefit of convenience, derived from the theory of storage. It was verified that the opportunity cost of market agents has a positive impact on the basis, in the same way, the stock also has a positive impact on the basis. The results found are in accordance with the \"Theory of Storage\" proposed by Working (1949). Thus, the main contribution of the work is to provide the literature with empirical evidence to support the behavior of the soybean basis in Brazil
3

Análise da teoria da estocagem sobre a base dos contratos futuros de soja no Brasil / Analysis of theory of storage on the \"basis\" of soybean futures contracts in Brazil.

Gabriel Agnesini da Silveira 28 November 2017 (has links)
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto das variáveis da \"Teoria da Estocagem\", como custo de oportunidade e estoque, sobre a \"base\" dos contratos futuros de soja negociados na BM&FBOVESPA, para um período de cinco anos e com dados diários, de outubro de 2013 a março de 2017. Foi proposta uma análise semelhante à de Fama e French (1987) a qual verificou o impacto dos custos de oportunidade do capital e de uma proxy para o estoque de soja, visando capturar os custos de estocagem e o benefício de conveniência, derivados da teoria da estocagem. Verificou-se que o custo de oportunidade dos agentes de mercado impacta positivamente a base, da mesma forma, o estoque também impacta de forma positiva a base. Os resultados encontrados estão em conformidade com a teoria de estocagem proposta por Working (1949). Assim, a principal contribuição do trabalho é fornecer à literatura evidências empíricas que sustentem o comportamento da base de soja no Brasil / The study aimed to evaluate the impact of the \"Theory of Storage\" variables based on the soybean futures contracts traded on BM&FBOVESPA for a period of five years with daily data, from October 2013 to March 2017. An analysis similar to that of Fama and French (1987) was proposed, which verified the impact of the opportunity costs of capital and a proxy for the soybean stock, aiming to capture the storage costs and the benefit of convenience, derived from the theory of storage. It was verified that the opportunity cost of market agents has a positive impact on the basis, in the same way, the stock also has a positive impact on the basis. The results found are in accordance with the \"Theory of Storage\" proposed by Working (1949). Thus, the main contribution of the work is to provide the literature with empirical evidence to support the behavior of the soybean basis in Brazil
4

[en] THE BRAZILIAN CATTLE FUTURES MARKET: A STUDY OF A PROXY FOR THE CONVENIENCE YIELD USING A FACTOR MODEL / [pt] MERCADO FUTURO BRASILEIRO DE BOI-GORDO: UMA ABORDAGEM POR MODELOS DE FATORES NO ESTUDO DE UMA PROXY PARA O CONVENIENCE YIELD

JOAO PAULO DE CASTRO ANTUNES 15 March 2013 (has links)
[pt] O mercado internacional tem sido o foco principal do estudo do convenience yield dos contratos de commodities agrícolas. Em geral, abordagens por meio de modelos de equilíbrio vêm sendo utilizadas para modelar o convenience yield. Esta dissertação propõe de forma pioneira, utilizar modelos de fatores, originalmente propostos por Nelson e Siegel (1987) para a taxa de juros, com o intuito de modelar uma proxy do convenience yield dos contratos futuros de boi gordo negociados na BMEF-Bovespa. Este trabalho também apresenta uma síntese dos modelos propostos na literatura para ativos financeiros e agropecuários bem como a estrutura de negociação dos contratos futuros de commodities agrícolas na BMEF. / [en] International Market has been the principal focus on the convenience yield study of the agricultural commodities contracts. In general, approaches using equilibrium models have been used to model the convenience yield. This paper proposes, for the first, using factor models, originally proposed by Nelson and Siegel (1987) for the in- terest rate, in order to model the a proxy of convenience yield of live cattle futures contracts traded on the Bovespa-BMEF. This work also presents a summary of the models proposed in the literature for financial assets and commodities as well as the structure of futures trading in agricultural commodities for BMEF.
5

The Tourinho model: neglected nugget or a receding relic?

Adkins, Roger., Paxson, Dean January 2013 (has links)
This article evaluates Tourinho's (1979) work as one of the earliest contributors to the real options literature. His model pioneered the application of risk neutrality to uncertain investments, but his originality of introducing an option-holding cost albeit to overcome the extraction paradox is rarely imitated. We claim that the combination of a convenience yield and an option-holding cost produces a more satisfying representation. Moreover, variations in the holding cost give rise to a host of investment decisions ranging from the standard real option solution for a zero-holding cost to a net present value solution for an infinite-holding cost. Not only does the holding cost mediate between these two poles, but it provides the option seller (usually a landowner or a government) with a policy instrument for influencing the extraction timing and thus the extraction profit of the option buyer. We derive the holding cost that optimizes the landowner's combined value of the option premium, holding costs and eventual royalties. View all references) work as one of the earliest contributors to the real options literature. His model pioneered the application of risk neutrality to uncertain investments, but his originality of introducing an option-holding cost albeit to overcome the extraction paradox is rarely imitated. We claim that the combination of a convenience yield and an option-holding cost produces a more satisfying representation. Moreover, variations in the holding cost give rise to a host of investment decisions ranging from the standard real option solution for a zero-holding cost to a net present value solution for an infinite-holding cost. Not only does the holding cost mediate between these two poles, but it provides the option seller (usually a landowner or a government) with a policy instrument for influencing the extraction timing and thus the extraction profit of the option buyer. We derive the holding cost that optimizes the landowner's combined value of the option premium, holding costs and eventual royalties.
6

The theory of storage and the volatility in commadity markets

Albuquerque, Thiago de Orlando e 14 August 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T21:00:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Thiago de Orlando e Albuquerque.pdf.jpg: 2856 bytes, checksum: 2e342e59aa139461c7c4477d985645bd (MD5) Thiago de Orlando e Albuquerque.pdf.txt: 92913 bytes, checksum: 3f2f950cd83239cbd5fe7f078ce8e9f9 (MD5) license.txt: 4712 bytes, checksum: 4dea6f7333914d9740702a2deb2db217 (MD5) Thiago de Orlando e Albuquerque.pdf: 1204149 bytes, checksum: 68b752f540a7c19019009ab018574c67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-14T00:00:00Z / This paper extends the methodology of Fama and French (1988) to test the hypothesis described in the theory of storage that the marginal convenience yield on inventory falls at a decreasing rate as inventory increases. As Samuelson (1965) describes, the theory implies that spot and futures price variations will be similar when inventories are high, but futures prices are less variable than spot prices when inventory is low. I test the hypothesis by examining the relative variation of spot and futures prices for WTI crude oil, aluminum and copper based on the Fama and French (1988) method that uses the interest-adjusted basis as a proxy of high and low inventories. Results for the metals are, in general, consistent with the theory of storage, even testing for subperiods, including the boom and burst in the prices of commodities occurred in 2005-2008. For the price of oil, however, some of the results do not hold, especially for the longer contracts, showing that other factors rather than stocks, supply and demand (e.g. speculation) may be driving spot and/or future prices. / Esse estudo estende a metodologia de Fama e French (1988) para testar a hipótese derivada da Teoria dos Estoques de que o convenience yield dos estoques diminui a uma taxa decrescente com o aumento de estoque. Como descrito por Samuelson (1965), a Teoria implica que as variações nos preços à vista (spot) e dos futuros (ou dos contratos a termo) serão similares quando os estoques estão altos, mas os preços futuros variarão menos que os preços à vista quando os estoques estão baixos. Isso ocorre porque os choques de oferta e demanda podem ser absorvidos por ajustes no estoque quando este está alto, afetando de maneira similar os preços à vista e futuros. Por outro lado, quando os estoques estão baixos, toda a absorção dos choques de demanda ou oferta recai sobre o preço à vista, uma vez que os agentes econômicos têm pouca condição de reagir à quantidade demandada ou ofertada no curto prazo.
7

Essays on theoretical and empirical studies of commodity futures markets

Zhou, Haijiang 09 March 2005 (has links)
No description available.
8

La structure par terme des prix des matières premières

Lautier, Delphine 10 February 2004 (has links) (PDF)
Ce mémoire expose les travaux effectués depuis la thèse de doctorat en les replaçant dans un cadre offrant une vue générale de la littérature sur la structure par terme des prix des matières premières. Il commence par une première partie consacrée à l'analyse théorique de la structure par terme. Pour comprendre la relation entre le prix au comptant et le prix à terme, je me suis tout d'abord intéressée aux théories traditionnelles des prix des matières premières – celle du déport normal et celle du stockage. Développées à l'origine dans un contexte où la notion de structure par terme était moins importante, car la maturité des contrats à terme n'était pas très éloignée, ces théories apparaissent cependant comme limitées lorsque l'horizon d'analyse augmente et que l'on souhaite prendre en considération la totalité de la structure par terme. Un certain nombre de mes travaux a donc pour objectif d'étendre au long terme les théories traditionnelles. Ils visent également à améliorer la compréhension du comportement dynamique de la courbe des prix dans un marché de matières premières. <br />L'analyse théorique de la structure par terme des prix des matières premières étant effectuée, il était intéressant de se pencher sur la façon d'exploiter ses enseignements à des fins de modélisation. C'est l'objet de la deuxième partie du mémoire, qui présente un nouveau modèle de structure par terme – qualifié de modèle asymétrique – justifie les hypothèses qui le sous-tendent, et le positionne par rapport aux autres modélisations. <br />La troisième partie a pour objectif d'apprécier la qualité de la modélisation effectuée : elle s'intéresse aux résultats des tests empiriques réalisés à partir des modèles de structure par terme. Des simulations me permettent tout d'abord de souligner l'influence des hypothèses concernant le processus stochastique retenu pour les variables d'état et celle du nombre de variables d'état, dans trois modèles différents. Sont ensuite présentés des travaux de nature méthodologique, développés en réponse aux difficultés d'estimation spécifiques que présentent les modèles de structure par terme des prix des matières premières. Enfin, l'exposé des performances des modèles, c'est-à-dire de leur capacité à reproduire la courbe des prix observée, permet de présenter les résultats empiriques obtenus avec le modèle asymétrique. <br />Deux applications ont été envisagées dans la littérature pour les modèles de structure par terme des prix des matières premières : la couverture dynamique et la valorisation. En ce qui concerne la couverture, la réflexion relative à l'utilisation de modèles de structure par terme est motivée par la volonté de couvrir des engagements à long terme sur le marché physique à l'aide de contrats à terme d'échéance rapprochée. Les travaux portent alors sur la détermination de la stratégie de couverture à mettre en œuvre et sur l'analyse de son efficacité. Dans le domaine de la valorisation, les modèles de structure par terme ont été utilisés en s'appuyant sur la théorie des options réelles. La plupart des recherches entreprises portent sur la décision d'investissement dans le cadre de matières premières minérales, car le caractère irréversible de l'investissement est particulièrement prononcé pour ces dernières. Mes travaux de recherche se sont intéressés à chacune de ces deux applications. Celles-ci ont fait l'objet de plusieurs publications. Elles sont également le sujet de recherches en cours et sont à l'origine de plusieurs projets.
9

Modelos de valor presente como instrumentos para estimativa de preços de contratos de boi gordo, café arábica, milho e dólar norte-americano no Brasil

Silva, Carlos Eduardo Mariano da 11 February 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Eduardo Mariano da Silvaprot.pdf: 2595730 bytes, checksum: 9833a96c1c04d678ce0e727b83b72b45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-11 / The aim of this work is to test the rationality of the Brazilian market for commodities actively negotiated at the BM&FBovespa, the exchange for stocks and derivatives in Brazil. The study encompasses live cattle, arabic coffee, corn and the US$/R$ exchange rate. The Present Value Model (PVM) was used to test the ratio between the future and spot prices spread and the market price of commodity under study. The ratio between the convenience yield, that accrues to holders of inventory, and the spot price is also tested. Cointegration tests, Granger causality tests and serial autocorrelation are among the tools employed. Conformance to the present value model is weak, since there is no cointegration between the convenience yield and the spot price for none of the four commodities. Prices, therefore, deviate from fundamentals. It is not possible to reconcile return forecasts with an efficient market environment under a context of rational expectations for the above mentioned assets. It is thus necessary continued investigations in this field. Two alternative schools of thought for investigations would be using equilibrium models between future and spot prices with arbitrage finite elasticity and, if prices follow an stochastic multivariate process, reverting to a trend line, to treat the convenience yield as an endogenous variable. / Este trabalho de pesquisa teve por objetivo principal testar a racionalidade do mercado brasileiro de commodities agropecuárias, para os ativos boi gordo, café arábica, milho e no âmbito de ativos financeiros, para a taxa de câmbio do dólar norteamericano. Essas commodities estocáveis são largamente transacionadas na Bolsa de Mercadoria e Futuros (BM&FBovespa). Utilizou-se o modelo de valor presente (PVM) da razão entre o spread dos preços futuros e a vista ( spot ) e o preço de mercado do ativo em questão, bem como entre o ganho de conveniência, que é o benefício obtido pelos detentores de estoque físico e o preço de mercado spot , utilizando testes de cointegração, de causalidade no sentido de Granger e de auto correlação dos excessos de retorno. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram uma fraca evidência do modelo para explicar os preços das commodities estocáveis estudadas, já que não houve cointegração entre o preço spot e o ganho de conveniência para nenhuma das commodities. Os preços, portanto, se desviam dos valores fundamentais para as commodities neste estudo. Assim, não é possível compatibilizar a previsibilidade de retornos com a existência de um mercado eficiente sob um contexto de expectativas racionais para os ativos estudados. Nesse sentido é necessária a continuidade das investigações neste campo. Duas vertentes alternativas para esses estudos seriam a utilização de modelos de equilíbrio de preços spot e futuros com elasticidade finita de arbitragem e, em outra linha de pesquisa, se os preços seguirem um processo multivariável estocástico, revertendo à uma linha de tendência, tratar o ganho de conveniência como uma variável endógena.
10

[en] CONVENIENCE YIELD ON TREASURY SECURITIES: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON / [pt] TAXA DE CONVENIÊNCIA DOS TÍTULOS DO TESOURO: UMA COMPARAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL

LUISA GROBERIO DEPOLLO 11 March 2021 (has links)
[pt] Investidores aceitam retornos inferiores em ativos que ofereçam liquidez e segurança, sendo tal desconto conhecido como taxa de conveniência. Este estudo utiliza a diferença entre a taxa fixa do swap de juros e a taxa de juros dos títulos do tesouro como medida da taxa de conveniência. Enquanto a literatura comumente foca na análise do referido prêmio especificamente para os Estados Unidos, construo uma estratégica de swap spread para quatro países: Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Brasil e Polônia, sendo os dois primeiros desenvolvidos e os demais emergentes. Os resultados mostram que a taxa de conveniência dos países desenvolvidos analisados é, em média, positiva e atinge valores extremos durante crise financeira, em linha com os demais artigos sobre o assunto. Diferentemente, a taxa dos países emergentes é, na maior parte do período, negativa e assume montantes ainda menores em momentos de estresse, comportando-se, portanto, de forma oposta. Empiricamente, essa diferença entre a taxa de conveniência calculada para os Estados Unidos e para o Brasil é relacionada a medidas de liquidez e de risco, levando à compreensão de que em momentos de estresse financeiro, o tesouro americano sustenta uma taxa de conveniência ainda maior do que a do tesouro brasileiro. / [en] Investors are willing to accept lower returns when investing in assets that provide liquidity and safety. This discount is acknowledged as convenience yield. This study considers the difference between the fixed leg of an interest rate swap and the treasury bond yield as a measure of the convenience yield. While the literature commonly focuses on the analysis of this referred premium for the United States, I construct a swap spread strategy for four countries: United States, United Kingdom, Brazil and Poland. The former two are developed countries while the latter are emerging countries. The results show that the convenience yield for the developed countries analyzed is, on average, positive and hits extreme values during financial crisis, in accordance with other papers on this issue. Distinctly, the yield for emerging countries is mostly negative and incurs in even lower amounts at moments of distress, behaving in the opposite way. Empirically, this difference between the convenience yield calculated for the United States and for Brazil is related to measures of liquidity and safety premium, entailing to the understanding that at moments of financial stress, the American treasury sustains an even larger convenience yield when compared to the Brazilian treasury.

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