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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Disagreement in business negotiations : A qualitative study of BELF usage in face-to-face business negotiations

Marra, Anton January 2016 (has links)
Knowledge of successful Business English as a lingua franca (BELF) has been recognized to be an essential element in overall business know-how (Kankaanranta & Louhiala-Salminen, 2010). In line with this notion, research has found that professionals use BELF and exploit a variety of discourse and pragmatic strategies that aid the process of cooperation and agreement so that mutual understanding can be reached (Firth, 1996; Kankaanranta & Planken, 2010; Pitzl, 2005). However, research has reported situations where business negotiators need to handle discord while maintaining a working rapport with the opposing party (e.g. Bjørge, 2012), indicating that the ability to produce the appropriate expression of disagreement is an imperative skill. Nonetheless, while there is now a better understanding of how business professionals establish common ground through using BELF, little work has been carried out on the subject on how professionals express disagreement in the same aspect (but see e.g. Bjørge, 2012; Stalpers, 1995). The present study aims to address this gap and expand the current knowledge on how business professionals express and handle disagreement in naturally-occurring face-to-face negotiations. The collected material consists of approximately 4 hours of BELF discourse recorded at a business convention in Germany. Fifteen disagreement episodes were identified, transcribed and analyzed using Conversation Analytic (CA) procedures. The present paper seeks to explore two aspects of the current topic, namely how business professionals (using BELF) express disagreement during business negotiations, and whether mitigation strategies are used when disagreement is expressed. The findings suggest that disagreements are solely content-related and are expressed in a variety of ways as they are coupled with a varied use of mitigation devices (i.e. delay and added support). Furthermore, there were instances of unmitigated expressions in the form of blunt contradictions. It is suggested that disagreements in BELF negotiations are required actions and may serve a dual purpose. The main goal of expressing disagreement is to increase clarity in cases where essential information may be misinterpreted or misguided; additionally, it indicates the speaker’s stance in the argument. Lastly, as there is a need for better knowledge of successful BELF, the present study is likely to be of interest for those who are engaged in the global business discourse community as well as researchers studying international business settings.
32

Extraordinary emergencies : reproducing the sacred child in institutional interaction.

Rafaely, Daniella 15 September 2014 (has links)
This research report examines telephonic and written data from an emergency medical services centre in the Western Cape and seeks to uncover the language practices that speakers use in order to create what I term “extraordinary emergencies”. Since one of the overarching institutional aims of the emergency call centre is that of “preservation of life”, the majority of emergencies are reproduced by emergency call-takers as routine events, specifically for the purpose of managing them most efficiently and thus working towards the institutional aim of preserving life. However, in certain instances, this institutional agenda is temporarily halted or abandoned in favour of a competing agenda, what I have termed the “personal” agenda enacted by the speaker. This personal agenda works to the reproduction of particular norms and values, and speakers are seen as morally accountable for reproducing them. This research report makes use of discursive analytic practices, specifically conversation analysis, as a method by which to highlight subtle and delicate moments in the interaction that recreate the shared value of the “sacred child” in real-time interaction. Keywords: emergency, childhood, sexual assault, conversation analysis, institutions
33

Assessing interactional competence : the case of school-based speaking assessment in Hong Kong

Lam, Ming Kei January 2015 (has links)
In recent decades, the field of assessing speaking has seen an increasing emphasis on ‘interaction’. In defining the construct of interactional competence (IC), both the theoretical formulation and empirical evidence suggest that the competence is coconstructed and context-specific. This poses a multitude of conundrums for language testing practitioners and researchers, one of which is the extent to which we can extrapolate candidates’ performance in the target non-testing context from their performance in a test. This thesis considers these questions in the case of the Group Interaction (GI) task in the School-based Assessment (SBA) for the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education Examination (HKDSE). Validation studies on the SBA Group Interaction task to date have generated somewhat contradictory results as to whether the task elicits authentic oral language use. Moreover, studies to date have not compared students’ interactions under different task implementation conditions (such as the amount of preparation time), or have investigated in detail what exactly students do during preparation time and how that might impact on their subsequent assessed interaction. This study explores what kinds of interactional features constitute interactional competence; how IC is co-constructed in discourse, and what complexities there might be in assessing the competence through a group interaction task. It also investigates whether the SBA GI task elicits authentic oral language use, and how the task implementation condition of preparation time might influence the validity of the task. Video-recordings of the assessed group interactions were obtained from two schools, with students given extended preparation time in one school but not the other. The assessed group interactions are analyzed using a Conversation Analytic approach, supplemented by data from mock assessments and stimulated recall interviews with student-candidates and teacher-raters. This study contributes to the construct definition of interactional competence – its components and the specific ways they are performed in discourse. Drawing on findings about students’ overhearer-oriented talk, it also problematizes the assumption that a group interaction task is necessarily eliciting and assessing candidates’ competence for interacting in a peer group only. More specifically to the SBA GI task, this study has produced evidence that group interactions with and without extended preparation time are qualitatively different, and has identified some of the ways in which extended preparation time might compromise the task’s validity in assessing interactional competence.
34

Repair in teacher-student interaction inside the classroom

Ho, Yee-wan, Yvonne. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (M. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.
35

Samtalsaktiviteter i moderna språk spanska : En jämförelse av samtalsorganisation i samtal med respektive utan bild

Marrero Ericson, Cristian January 2012 (has links)
Sammanfattning   Syftet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka hur två olika samtalsaktiviteter, i moderna språk spanska, påverkar hur samtalare talar i interaktion och uppnår meningsskapande sinsemellan. För att kunna analysera detta har arbetet utgått från Conversation Analysis (CA), en metod som analyserar de olika metoder som deltagare själva använder för att hantera olika aspekter av samtalets organisation och olika problem som kan uppstå i samtalet. Enligt CA är sociokulturella faktorer och andra sociala kategorier endogena i samtalet. Vilket innebär att samtal kan analyseras oberoende av social kontext eller sammansättning av samtalare. Med hjälp av videoinspelad observation har CA använts för att analysera hur samtalare i fyra grupper om tre använder sig av turtagning, reparation och pausering i två olika samtalsaktiviteter på spanska, en med bild och en utan bild.   Undersökningens resultat visar att det inte är den fysiska närvaron eller frånvaron av bilder i sig som leder till skillnader i hur deltagare gör då de interagerar. Det är hur talare och medsamtalare gör för att orientera mot bilderna och deras innehåll som ger upphov till skillnader i hur de använder sig av turtagning, reparation och pausering i samtalskativiteter. I samtalen utan bild orienterade deltagarna mot varandra. Turinitiala partiklar var relativt vanliga och talarbyten genomfördes oftast med att talare aktivt nominerade näste talare. En större andel av de reparationer som genomfördes både initierades och genomfördes av problemtalaren inom den aktuella problemturen. Pauseringar mellan och inom turer hölls korta för att säkra talutrymmet I majoriteten av samtalen med bild orienterade deltagarna mot bilderna snarare än mot varandra. Turinitiala partiklar var färre, talarbyten genomfördes genom att deltagare själva tog turen utan att vara nominerade.. Reparationer initierades av problemtalaren, men genomfördes oftare av en annan deltagare. Pauseringar tenderade att vara längre mellan och inom turer då talutrymmet inte behövde säkras i lika hög grad Sammantaget bidrog detta till att turtagning, reparation och pausering tenderade att användas på ett annat sätt än i samtalen utan bild. I en av grupperna användes bilderna för att skapa ämnen att samtala kring. Där orienterade deltagarna mot varandra, och talarbyten genomfördes oftast med att talare aktivt nominerade näste talare, turinitiala partiklar var relativt vanliga. Reparationer både initierades och genomfördes av problemtalaren inom den aktuella problemturen. Pauseringar mellan och inom turer hölls korta för att säkra talutrymmet Avslutningsvis diskuteras, utifrån resultaten av undersökningen, pedagogiska, didaktiska samt metodologiska möjligheter och konsekvenser för språkundervisningen.
36

Pedagogisk lek i förskolan : En samtalsanalytisk studie av pedagogens roll i olika lekaktiviteter

Tumturk Korkmaz, Songul January 2011 (has links)
Play is an important part of children´s everyday life, it is through play children develop. Play occurs a lot in kindergarten and in this study, the aim is to examine how play activities play is used in preschool teaching and the role of the teacher´s in the play. Video recordings of play activities done and qualitative methods (conversation analysis) has been used to analyze the video recordings. The results of this study show that play are widely used as a pedagogical tool in preschool. It is through play children develop. When teachers are present in children's play, they contribute to the activity and encourage children to play. The teachers know that they have responsibility for children's development and ensure that children get the help they need. Role play is central to play in both free play and in the teacher-driven games.
37

Turn-taking organization for Korean conversation with a conversation analytic proposal for the research and teaching of Korean learners of English /

Park, Jae-Eun, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2009. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 394-403).
38

Topikutflykter i klassrummet : Hur lärare och elever organiserar ämnesbyten gemensamt

Skog, Helena January 2015 (has links)
Uppsatsens syfte var att undersöka icke ämnesrelaterade topiker i klassrumssamtal. Syftet mynnar ut i frågeställningar om icke ämnesrelaterade topiker förekommer, vem de initieras av, hur de uppstår och hur deltagarna förhåller sig till dem. Klassrumssamtal äger rum i en kommunikativ verksamhet där deltagarna gemensamt bedriver kommunikativa projekt. För att kunna uppnå uppsatsen syfte valdes Conversation Analysis (CA) som metod. Utgångspunkterna inom CA är att allt som sägs i samtalet har betydelse, interaktionen ses som strukturellt organiserad i sekvenser, allt som yttras ses som både kontextberoende som kontextförnyande och autentiska samtal krävs för att studera social interaktion. Då autentiska samtal är kärnan i CA så samlades det empiriska materialet in med audioinspelning. 16 elever i årskurs 9 ingår i materialet, samt 5 lärare. Audioinspelningarna gjordes under en engelskalektion, en matematiklektion, en svenskalektion, en religionslektion och en kemilektion. Kemilektionen ingår inte i analysen. 300 minuter inspelat material samlades in. Urval gjordes av sekvenser som berörde topikskiften i samtalen. Vissa sekvenser fintranskriberades sedan enligt CA:s konventioner. Genom att analysera talflödet tur för tur kunde topikskiften identifieras. I analysen framkom att både lärare och elever gjorde ’utflykter’ från de övergripande lektionstopikerna. Topikutflykterna kunde vara både lokalt och abstrakt förankrade. Deltagarna genomförde topikskiften genom exempelvis gradvisa ämnesbyten, använde sig av ämnesväxlare, preannonseringar, och ämnesdigressioner. Skolan är en form av institutionell verksamhet vilket gör att deltagarna som ingår i den vet att det finns en övergripande topik som ska avhandlas, den är mer strikt och detta orienterar sig lärarna och eleverna mot. De förhåller sig till de normer och regler som finns, vilket gör att de ibland hålls ansvariga för sina topikutflykter. Samtalen i klassrummet är dynamiska, de växer fram och utvecklas i ett gemensamt arbete mellan lärare och elever och de avslutas också gemensamt.
39

Everyday (re)enactment: reporting strategies in non-narrative talk-in-interaction

Henning, Kathryn Hickerson 28 August 2008 (has links)
Not available / text
40

Institutional talk: question-answer sequencesin classroom interaction

Pang, Po-yee, Patricia., 彭寶儀. January 2003 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Linguistics / Master / Master of Arts

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