O presente trabalho dedica-se a analisar comparativamente as obras The Pioneers (1823), The Last of the Mohicans (1826) e The Deerslayer (1841) de James Fenimore Cooper; e O Guarani (1857), As Minas de Prata (1863-65) e Iracema (1865) de José de Alencar sob a perspectiva historiográfica. Tal abordagem justifica-se por estas obras estarem inseridas no contexto de formação de uma cultura histórica no mundo ocidental, intensificado ao final do século XVIII, e que acabou por dar origem à História como disciplina. Logo, considera-se pertinente abordar o romance histórico, assim como outras formas de expressão cultural do período – entre eles a arte pictórica e os museus -, por fazer parte do surgimento do que hoje concebemos como historiografia. Assim, considerando as obras acima como representações do passado, conceito do historiador britânico Stephen Bann, procura-se estudar como elementos da história local – principalmente a paisagem e o passado indígena – articularam-se com convenções do romance romântico europeu, mais precisamente da tradição iniciada por Mme. De Staël, René Chateaubriand, Walter Scott, entre outros. Ao longo da análise, percebeu-se que entre as notas de roda-pé e eventuais referências ao longo das narrativas, tanto Cooper como Alencar referiam-se a documentos de época, o que tinha claramente o objetivo de garantir a veracidade e a verossimilhança de suas criações. Além disso, tais documentos, principalmente no caso de Alencar, onde a produção historiográfica encontrava-se centralizada principalmente no Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, eram similares aos utilizados por historiadores do período. Dessa forma, verifica-se que os primeiros traços da tentativa de se constituir uma literatura original – em contraposição à européia – nesses dois países tinham uma estreita relação com o fazer histórico, o que é o cerne desta contribuição para a compreensão da cultura histórica oitocentista. / The object of this study is to analyse comparatively the works The Pioneers (1823), The Last of the Mohicans (1826) and The Deerslayer (1841) by James Fenimore Cooper; and O Guarani (1857), As Minas de Prata (1863-65) and Iracema (1865) by José de Alencar under a historiographic perspective. Such approach is justified by the fact that these novels are part of the context of formation of a historical culture in the western world, intensified in the end of the eighteenth century, which lies in the origin of History as a discipline. It is, thus, pertinent to study the historical novel, as well as other means of expression – pictorial art and museums among them –, since they are involved in the forthcoming of historiography proper. Hence, considering these literary works as representations of the past, a concept developed by British historian Stephen Bann, we aim to analyse how elements of local history – mainly the landscape and native populations – were articulated with conventions belonging to romantic novels, specifically the tradition initiated with Mme. De Staël, René de Chateubriand, Walter Scott and others. Throughout the analysis, it was perceived that among footnotes and references in the texts themselves, both Alencar and Cooper reffered to documents of the time, which was clearly an attempt to achieve veracity and verisimilitude in their creations. Furthermore, such documents, especially in the case of Alencar, where the historiographic production was centered mainly in the Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, were similar to those used by historians of the time. Therefore, it is verified that the first traces of the effort in constituting an original literature – as opposed to European literature – in these two countries has a straight bond with History writing, which is the focus of this contribution to the understanding of nineteenth-century historical culture.

O presente trabalho dedica-se a analisar comparativamente as obras The Pioneers (1823), The Last of the Mohicans (1826) e The Deerslayer (1841) de James Fenimore Cooper; e O Guarani (1857), As Minas de Prata (1863-65) e Iracema (1865) de José de Alencar sob a perspectiva historiográfica. Tal abordagem justifica-se por estas obras estarem inseridas no contexto de formação de uma cultura histórica no mundo ocidental, intensificado ao final do século XVIII, e que acabou por dar origem à História como disciplina. Logo, considera-se pertinente abordar o romance histórico, assim como outras formas de expressão cultural do período – entre eles a arte pictórica e os museus -, por fazer parte do surgimento do que hoje concebemos como historiografia. Assim, considerando as obras acima como representações do passado, conceito do historiador britânico Stephen Bann, procura-se estudar como elementos da história local – principalmente a paisagem e o passado indígena – articularam-se com convenções do romance romântico europeu, mais precisamente da tradição iniciada por Mme. De Staël, René Chateaubriand, Walter Scott, entre outros. Ao longo da análise, percebeu-se que entre as notas de roda-pé e eventuais referências ao longo das narrativas, tanto Cooper como Alencar referiam-se a documentos de época, o que tinha claramente o objetivo de garantir a veracidade e a verossimilhança de suas criações. Além disso, tais documentos, principalmente no caso de Alencar, onde a produção historiográfica encontrava-se centralizada principalmente no Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, eram similares aos utilizados por historiadores do período. Dessa forma, verifica-se que os primeiros traços da tentativa de se constituir uma literatura original – em contraposição à européia – nesses dois países tinham uma estreita relação com o fazer histórico, o que é o cerne desta contribuição para a compreensão da cultura histórica oitocentista. / The object of this study is to analyse comparatively the works The Pioneers (1823), The Last of the Mohicans (1826) and The Deerslayer (1841) by James Fenimore Cooper; and O Guarani (1857), As Minas de Prata (1863-65) and Iracema (1865) by José de Alencar under a historiographic perspective. Such approach is justified by the fact that these novels are part of the context of formation of a historical culture in the western world, intensified in the end of the eighteenth century, which lies in the origin of History as a discipline. It is, thus, pertinent to study the historical novel, as well as other means of expression – pictorial art and museums among them –, since they are involved in the forthcoming of historiography proper. Hence, considering these literary works as representations of the past, a concept developed by British historian Stephen Bann, we aim to analyse how elements of local history – mainly the landscape and native populations – were articulated with conventions belonging to romantic novels, specifically the tradition initiated with Mme. De Staël, René de Chateubriand, Walter Scott and others. Throughout the analysis, it was perceived that among footnotes and references in the texts themselves, both Alencar and Cooper reffered to documents of the time, which was clearly an attempt to achieve veracity and verisimilitude in their creations. Furthermore, such documents, especially in the case of Alencar, where the historiographic production was centered mainly in the Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, were similar to those used by historians of the time. Therefore, it is verified that the first traces of the effort in constituting an original literature – as opposed to European literature – in these two countries has a straight bond with History writing, which is the focus of this contribution to the understanding of nineteenth-century historical culture.

O presente trabalho dedica-se a analisar comparativamente as obras The Pioneers (1823), The Last of the Mohicans (1826) e The Deerslayer (1841) de James Fenimore Cooper; e O Guarani (1857), As Minas de Prata (1863-65) e Iracema (1865) de José de Alencar sob a perspectiva historiográfica. Tal abordagem justifica-se por estas obras estarem inseridas no contexto de formação de uma cultura histórica no mundo ocidental, intensificado ao final do século XVIII, e que acabou por dar origem à História como disciplina. Logo, considera-se pertinente abordar o romance histórico, assim como outras formas de expressão cultural do período – entre eles a arte pictórica e os museus -, por fazer parte do surgimento do que hoje concebemos como historiografia. Assim, considerando as obras acima como representações do passado, conceito do historiador britânico Stephen Bann, procura-se estudar como elementos da história local – principalmente a paisagem e o passado indígena – articularam-se com convenções do romance romântico europeu, mais precisamente da tradição iniciada por Mme. De Staël, René Chateaubriand, Walter Scott, entre outros. Ao longo da análise, percebeu-se que entre as notas de roda-pé e eventuais referências ao longo das narrativas, tanto Cooper como Alencar referiam-se a documentos de época, o que tinha claramente o objetivo de garantir a veracidade e a verossimilhança de suas criações. Além disso, tais documentos, principalmente no caso de Alencar, onde a produção historiográfica encontrava-se centralizada principalmente no Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, eram similares aos utilizados por historiadores do período. Dessa forma, verifica-se que os primeiros traços da tentativa de se constituir uma literatura original – em contraposição à européia – nesses dois países tinham uma estreita relação com o fazer histórico, o que é o cerne desta contribuição para a compreensão da cultura histórica oitocentista. / The object of this study is to analyse comparatively the works The Pioneers (1823), The Last of the Mohicans (1826) and The Deerslayer (1841) by James Fenimore Cooper; and O Guarani (1857), As Minas de Prata (1863-65) and Iracema (1865) by José de Alencar under a historiographic perspective. Such approach is justified by the fact that these novels are part of the context of formation of a historical culture in the western world, intensified in the end of the eighteenth century, which lies in the origin of History as a discipline. It is, thus, pertinent to study the historical novel, as well as other means of expression – pictorial art and museums among them –, since they are involved in the forthcoming of historiography proper. Hence, considering these literary works as representations of the past, a concept developed by British historian Stephen Bann, we aim to analyse how elements of local history – mainly the landscape and native populations – were articulated with conventions belonging to romantic novels, specifically the tradition initiated with Mme. De Staël, René de Chateubriand, Walter Scott and others. Throughout the analysis, it was perceived that among footnotes and references in the texts themselves, both Alencar and Cooper reffered to documents of the time, which was clearly an attempt to achieve veracity and verisimilitude in their creations. Furthermore, such documents, especially in the case of Alencar, where the historiographic production was centered mainly in the Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, were similar to those used by historians of the time. Therefore, it is verified that the first traces of the effort in constituting an original literature – as opposed to European literature – in these two countries has a straight bond with History writing, which is the focus of this contribution to the understanding of nineteenth-century historical culture.

No description available.

Cette étude se place dans le champ des études transatlantiques afin d’analyser les modalités selon lesquelles les romances historiques ont constitué une réponse aux exigences lancinantes de doter les États-Unis d’une littérature nationale dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle. Créé en Grande-Bretagne par Walter Scott, ce genre est repris et adapté par ses contemporains américains, en particulier James Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving et Catharine Maria Sedgwick. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié la réception de Walter Scott et de ses Waverley Novels et leur impact sur le marché du livre américain. Une analyse, notamment, des journaux qui fleurissent lors du regain de patriotisme de l’après-Guerre de 1812, a permis de montrer que se côtoient alors panégyriques de Walter Scott et appels récurrents à l’émergence d’un « Scott américain ». C’est ensuite la réponse des auteurs américains que nous avons étudiée. S’ils adoptent certains codes génériques scottiens afin de répondre à la volonté nationale de mettre en scène l’Histoire américaine, Cooper, Irving et Sedgwick font de leurs romances historiques le vecteur privilégié d’une mise en valeur de la matière américaine : une Histoire riche en événements, des ancêtres à célébrer, un territoire national aux propriétés spécifiques, qui la mettront sur un pied d’égalité avec les nations européennes. Alors que les romanciers utilisent leurs œuvres pour promouvoir une nation américaine culturellement distincte, s’opère une recomposition générique. La romance historique se fait alors le lieu d’une mythogenèse pour l’Amérique via l’écriture d’une épopée nationale, qui permet de remonter les âges vers une temporalité indéfinie afin de fonder la Jeune République en une nation organique, digne de soutenir la comparaison avec ses homologues outre-Atlantique. / This work, belonging to the field of transatlantic studies, analyses to what extend historical romances formed a response to the ongoing wish to provide the United States with a national literature in the first half of the nineteenth century. The genre, fashioned in Great Britain by Walter Scott, was taken up and adapted by his American contemporaries, and in particular, James Fenimore Cooper, Washington Irving, and Catharine Maria Sedgwick. The first chapter tackles the reception of Walter Scott and of his Waverley Novels, and their impact on the American book market. Our analysis in particular of the newspapers and periodicals that flourished in the surge of patriotism following the War of 1812, has enabled us to show that the panegyrics for Walter Scott stood just alongside the recurrent calls in the same pages for the birth of an “American Scott.” The response given by the American authors forms the second part of our analysis. As they appropriate some of the generic traits of the Scottian historical romance in order to comply to the nation’s wish for a portrayal of American history, Cooper, Irving, and Sedgwick use the genre to showcase the American matter – a history full of events worth narrating, ancestors worth celebrating, and a national territory with its own features – that would bring the United States on a level with the European nations. As the writers thus promote a culturally distinct American nation, the genre gradually morphs into a form of national epic. Through this mythogenesis at work in the writings under study, the United States are given a timeline that dissolves into an indeterminate temporality, thereby shaping the Early Republic as an organic nation, fit for contention with its transatlantic counterparts.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-199). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Writers of early American texts frequently express astonishment at the abundance of swarming things found in nature, from rustling clouds of insects to ponds teeming with fish to forests of countless trees. They report feeling overwhelmed, fascinated, and threatened by the dynamic, formless grouping of the swarm, in which the distinction between part and whole is lost in a blur of motion. In this dissertation, I trace these experiences of swarming across religious tracts, natural histories, philosophy texts, and historical fiction to argue that the swarm is crucial for understanding early American ways of relating to the environment. Scholars of the colonial period have long maintained that settlers viewed the American continent as a vast and empty land, available for settlement and resource extraction, and that the settler mind sought to manage the perceived chaos of their new surroundings through the application of European systems of thought and order. I argue, however, that the experience of the swarm indicates another kind of environmental relation, one in which the viewer and the natural world become ecologically entangled. In this entanglement, settlers found their preconceived ideas challenged, forcing them to revise or generate anew their theories of the world. While these ecological experiences of the natural world appear in texts by the settler writers Jonathan Edwards, Hector St. John Crèvecoeur, William Bartram, and James Fenimore Cooper, the ideas that develop through the swarm are influenced by or overlap with the epistemologies of the Native American peoples who inhabited the lands these settlers occupied. The project also addresses Indigenous modes of environmental relation and philosophies through Haudenosaunee cosmologies, Maskoke origins stories, and the work of the Tuscarora writer David Cusick. Overall, this dissertation offers an epistemological history of the colonial period that not only revises long- accepted characterizations of the settler mindset but that also takes seriously the histories of Indigenous philosophies as early American intellectual movements. In detailing experiences in which the mind and the natural world are not in fact separate entities, my work presents alternative modes of environmental relation and offers suggestions to today’s urgent need to rethink our orientation toward the natural world.