<p>The study examines the relationship of these institutions with the University of Botswana within the affiliation system. The issues that were investigated were related to the affiliation system in general, and whether it was beneficial to both the University of Botswana and the affiliated institutions. It was found from the study that the relationship is a symbiotic one. Furthermore, the study looked into the articulation of the programmes of the affiliated institutions with those of the University of Botswana. The issue of the level at which diplomates from the Affiliated Institutions join a degree programme at the University of Botswana was also discussed. The current system is that after three years of doing a diploma at an affiliated institution, the diplomate will join a degree programme at the University of Botswana at year two with a diploma that was awarded by the University of Botswana. As a result the diplomate will spend three more years on the degree programme. Moreover, the issue of semesterising the affiliated institutions&rsquo / programmes, like those of the University of Botswana, was also looked into. Another issue considered was that of monitoring Quality Assurance in the affiliated institutions by the University of Botswana.</p>

“Cooperation” has distinct meanings in biological and moral contexts. In nature, “cooperation” is commonly equated with “altruism,” and involves an apparent fitness cost to the actor. In the moral context, it is often employed to describe the behaviour required by a particular subset of morality, namely that of distributive justice. The existence of cooperation in nature poses a difficulty for those who seek explain it in evolutionary terms. There is an analogous problem in normative moral theory of reconciling cooperative behaviour with rationality. The constraints imposed by natural selection in the former context and by rationality in the latter make explaining or justifying cooperation difficult. Insofar as the social contract tradition is concerned with articulating or justifying the terms of social cooperation, these two problems are united through the contract metaphor. I examine these two structurally similar problems through the lens of the social contract tradition. In the descriptive arena, I argue that cultural group selection provides the most plausible explanation of the emergence of altruistic behaviours in nature. In the normative context, I argue that David Gauthier’s argument for the rationality of adopting the disposition of constrained maximization provides a defensible route to reconciling morality with rationality. I draw two conclusions with respect to how these two enterprises are connected. First, I argue, contrary to many critics of an empirically informed ethics, that the descriptive and normative projects are very much dependent upon one another. Insofar as culture is required for a descriptive account of the emergence of cooperation, and to the extent that reasoning about which norms ought to govern our interactions plays a role in their transmission, our descriptive account not only leaves room for normative considerations, but in fact requires them. Second, I argue that there is a convergence in the outcomes of both the descriptive and normative projects. I show that the explanation of the existence of cooperation that I favor also provides us with an explanation of the emergence of dispositions that structurally resemble those that Gauthier defends as rational. And thus we arrive at an account that brings together rationality, evolution, and morality.

This thesis looks at the problem of designing a coding strategy for interference channels with rate-limited transmitter cooperation. We first consider a simple communication model in which the classic two-user Gaussian interference channel is augmented by rate-limited conferencing links between the transmitters. The main contribution is a partial zero-forcing precoding strategy based on a shared-private rate splitting scheme at the transmitter, in which each transmitter communicates part of its message to the other transmitter, and subsequently partially pre-subtracts the interfering signal using a zero-forcing precoder. We extend the proposed strategy to a class of multiuser interference channels, and outline a distributed algorithm to compute the precoder coefficients. The partial zero-forcing precoding strategy is shown to be particularly effective in certain high SNR/INR regimes, and simulation results for a multicell system highlight the cooperation gain due to the proposed strategy.

This thesis looks at the problem of designing a coding strategy for interference channels with rate-limited transmitter cooperation. We first consider a simple communication model in which the classic two-user Gaussian interference channel is augmented by rate-limited conferencing links between the transmitters. The main contribution is a partial zero-forcing precoding strategy based on a shared-private rate splitting scheme at the transmitter, in which each transmitter communicates part of its message to the other transmitter, and subsequently partially pre-subtracts the interfering signal using a zero-forcing precoder. We extend the proposed strategy to a class of multiuser interference channels, and outline a distributed algorithm to compute the precoder coefficients. The partial zero-forcing precoding strategy is shown to be particularly effective in certain high SNR/INR regimes, and simulation results for a multicell system highlight the cooperation gain due to the proposed strategy.

“Cooperation” has distinct meanings in biological and moral contexts. In nature, “cooperation” is commonly equated with “altruism,” and involves an apparent fitness cost to the actor. In the moral context, it is often employed to describe the behaviour required by a particular subset of morality, namely that of distributive justice. The existence of cooperation in nature poses a difficulty for those who seek explain it in evolutionary terms. There is an analogous problem in normative moral theory of reconciling cooperative behaviour with rationality. The constraints imposed by natural selection in the former context and by rationality in the latter make explaining or justifying cooperation difficult. Insofar as the social contract tradition is concerned with articulating or justifying the terms of social cooperation, these two problems are united through the contract metaphor. I examine these two structurally similar problems through the lens of the social contract tradition. In the descriptive arena, I argue that cultural group selection provides the most plausible explanation of the emergence of altruistic behaviours in nature. In the normative context, I argue that David Gauthier’s argument for the rationality of adopting the disposition of constrained maximization provides a defensible route to reconciling morality with rationality. I draw two conclusions with respect to how these two enterprises are connected. First, I argue, contrary to many critics of an empirically informed ethics, that the descriptive and normative projects are very much dependent upon one another. Insofar as culture is required for a descriptive account of the emergence of cooperation, and to the extent that reasoning about which norms ought to govern our interactions plays a role in their transmission, our descriptive account not only leaves room for normative considerations, but in fact requires them. Second, I argue that there is a convergence in the outcomes of both the descriptive and normative projects. I show that the explanation of the existence of cooperation that I favor also provides us with an explanation of the emergence of dispositions that structurally resemble those that Gauthier defends as rational. And thus we arrive at an account that brings together rationality, evolution, and morality.

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The recent civil nuclear cooperation proposed by the Bush Administration and the Government of India has heightened the necessity of assessing India’s nuclear fuel cycle inclusive of nuclear materials and facilities. This agreement proposes to change the long-standing U.S. policy of preventing the spread of nuclear weapons by denying nuclear technology transfer to non-NPT signatory states. The nuclear tests in 1998 have convinced the world community that India would never relinquish its nuclear arsenal. This has driven the desire to engage India through civilian nuclear cooperation. The cornerstone of any civilian nuclear technological support necessitates the separation of military and civilian facilities. A complete nuclear fuel cycle assessment of India emphasizes the entwinment of the military and civilian facilities and would aid in moving forward with the separation plan. To estimate the existing uranium reserves in India, a complete historical assessment of ore production, conversion, and processing capabilities was performed using open source information and compared to independent reports. Nuclear energy and plutonium production (reactor- and weapons-grade) was simulated using declared capacity factors and modern simulation tools. The three-stage nuclear power program entities and all the components of civilian and military significance were assembled into a flowsheet to allow for a macroscopic vision of the Indian fuel cycle. A detailed view of the nuclear fuel cycle opens avenues for technological collaboration. The fuel cycle that grows from this study exploits domestic thorium reserves with advanced international technology and optimized for the existing system. To utilize any appreciable fraction of the world’s supply of thorium, nuclear breeding is necessary. The two known possibilities for production of more fissionable material in the reactor than is consumed as fuel are fast breeders or thermal breeders. This dissertation analyzes a thermal breeder core concept involving the CANDU core design. The end-oflife fuel characteristics evolved from the designed fuel composition is proliferation resistant and economical in integrating this technology into the Indian nuclear fuel cycle. Furthermore, it is shown that the separation of the military and civilian components of the Indian fuel cycle can be facilitated through the implementation of such a system.

Abstract Among all provinces in Mainland China, Fujian, located across the strait from Taiwan, has the most intimate relationship with Taiwan. The economic development between Fujian and Taiwan thus has important implications and values, which are unfolding in the following aspects: (1) historical connection; (2) geographic site; (3) Mainland China¡¦s Policy toward Taiwan; (4) Taiwan-Fujian¡¦s economic structure; and (5) the developmental layout of Taiwan economy. The research framework of this present study utilized Heckscher-Ohlin approach, which is to observe the capital-labor ratio, by which those with more of capital element export the capital-intensive products, while those with more of labor element export the labor-intensive products. Taiwan¡¦s capital-labor ratio is approximately 221 times Fujian¡¦s, which is consistent with public understanding, that is to say, Taiwan should focus on developing capital-intensive industries, and Fujian, labor-intensive industries. Based on objective statistics in investment items, investment amount, investment scale, and industrial structures of Taiwanese-owned enterprises in Fujian, this study is in an attempt to analyze the characteristics of distribution and development of Taiwanese-owned enterprises in Fujian after the implementation of Mainland China¡¦s reform and open-door policy. As for the development and predicament of Taiwan-Fujian relationship, given that Fujian is not only the military frontline against Taiwan, but also the synthesized experiment zone, ¡§three links¡¨ pioneer zone, and ¡§one country, two systems¡¨ connection zone, this study suggests Taiwan should take adequate preventive measures to avoid ¡§peaceful evolution¡¨ in politics, deal with ¡§national security¡¨ issues resulted from economic exchange, and thoroughly analyze the status quo of ¡§small three links¡¨ policy.

The recent civil nuclear cooperation proposed by the Bush Administration and the Government of India has heightened the necessity of assessing India's nuclear fuel cycle inclusive of nuclear materials and facilities. This agreement proposes to change the long-standing U.S. policy of preventing the spread of nuclear weapons by denying nuclear technology transfer to non-NPT signatory states. The nuclear tests in 1998 have convinced the world community that India would never relinquish its nuclear arsenal. This has driven the desire to engage India through civilian nuclear cooperation. The cornerstone of any civilian nuclear technological support necessitates the separation of military and civilian facilities. A complete nuclear fuel cycle assessment of India emphasizes the entwinment of the military and civilian facilities and would aid in moving forward with the separation plan. To estimate the existing uranium reserves in India, a complete historical assessment of ore production, conversion, and processing capabilities was performed using open source information and compared to independent reports. Nuclear energy and plutonium production (reactor- and weapons-grade) was simulated using declared capacity factors and modern simulation tools. The three-stage nuclear power program entities and all the components of civilian and military significance were assembled into a flowsheet to allow for a macroscopic vision of the Indian fuel cycle. A detailed view of the nuclear fuel cycle opens avenues for technological collaboration. The fuel cycle that grows from this study exploits domestic thorium reserves with advanced international technology and optimized for the existing system. To utilize any appreciable fraction of the world's supply of thorium, nuclear breeding is necessary. The two known possibilities for production of more fissionable material in the reactor than is consumed as fuel are fast breeders or thermal breeders. This dissertation analyzes a thermal breeder core concept involving the CANDU core design. The end-oflife fuel characteristics evolved from the designed fuel composition is proliferation resistant and economical in integrating this technology into the Indian nuclear fuel cycle. Furthermore, it is shown that the separation of the military and civilian components of the Indian fuel cycle can be facilitated through the implementation of such a system.

In the energy service industry, many companies aware of the limitation of their own resources. A company is no longer able to compete with others alone, so they try to forge the strategic alliances to get the important resources to achieve their strategic goals. On the other side, cooperation with other companies is deeply influenced by the interactions among partners. The cooperation could be broken because of the lack of the communication. The purpose of this study is to discuss the factors affecting the cooperation performance. The discussed factors include communication, dependence, trust, and firm characteristics. The results show that a competitive-collaboration relationship is very popular. Many companies in this industry are small-middle size. Since they have the problems of ¡§diseconomies of scale¡¨ and ¡§scarce resource¡¨, organizations emphasize on cooperating. To strength cooperation performance, good communication has significantly effect on goal achievement, and high trust and dependence would enhance satisfaction with each other.