A series of experiments were conducted to examine the effect of petroselinic acid, found in coriander oil, on fillet, hepatocyte and whole body FA composition and Δ6 desaturase gene expression in hepatocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed vegetable oil (VO) based diets containing no fishmeal (FM) or fish oil (FO). In the first experiment, rainbow trout were fed one of eight diets containing fish, flax, canola or Camelina sativa oil with or without coriander oil. Coriander oil in the diet increased concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3, P < 0.05) in the fillet. There was a trend to increased 20:5n-3 + 22:6n-3/20:4n-6 ratios when coriander oil was added to the diet (P = 0.067). The second trial set out to investigate the effects of varied levels of coriander oil in canola oil based diets, on i) the capacity of rainbow trout hepatocytes to desaturate, elongate and esterify [1-14C] α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3; ALA) and [1-14C] linoleic acid (18:2n-6, LA), ii) reducing the production of 20:4n-6 in hepatocytes and iii) gene expression. This experiment demonstrated a significant increase in 22:6n-3 (P = 0.011) and a decrease 20:4n-6 (P = 0.023) in rainbow trout hepatocytes. Furthermore, there was a three-fold decrease in acetate for the [1-14C] 18:2n-6 and nearly a two-fold increase for the [1-14C] 18:3n-3 substrate when coriander was added at increasing levels, illustrating an increase in peroxisomal β-oxidation. Relative gene expression of ∆6 desaturase decreased with addition of coriander oil at the 0.5 inclusion level of coriander oil. The final experiment was conducted to determine if bypassing the first ∆6 desaturase and rate-limiting step in the n-3 FA pathway causes increased conversion of stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4n-3) to 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. Rainbow trout were fed one of six diets containing either fish, conventional linseed (flax), or SDA enriched linseed oil (LO) with and without coriander oil. Inclusion of coriander oil did not affect any growth or feed intake parameters of rainbow trout. However, the addition of coriander oil caused a significant increase in whole body 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 concentrations in fish fed SDA enriched LO with coriander oil (SDA+C) compared to fish fed conventional linseed oil (LO). These results suggest that petroselinic acid, found in coriander oil, has the ability to influence FA bioconversion of the n-3 and n-6 FA pathway thereby increasing 22:6n-3 and possibly 20:5n-3 in rainbow trout and reducing ARA when fed VO-based diets. Furthermore, it seems as though petroselinic acid causes improved bioconversion to 22:6n-3 when the first ∆6 desaturase is bypassed. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanism of action that petroselinic acid has on FA bioconversion.

nÃo hà / O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses do Bokashi no crescimento das culturas de coentro, de cebolinha, em alguns atributos quÃmicos do solo e na atividade da biomassa microbiana do solo, para testar as hipÃteses de que a utilizaÃÃo do Bokashi no cultivo de cebolinha e coentro melhora o desenvolvimento das plantas em consequÃncia da melhoria do solo. A conduÃÃo do experimento foi realizada na casa de vegetaÃÃo do setor de horticultura do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal do CearÃ(UFC), situada no Campus do Pici, em Fortaleza, em um perÃodo de 60 dias apÃs o transplantio das mudas de cebolinha, das bandejas para os vasos plÃsticos contendo 4kg de solo e um perÃodo de 40 dias pro cultivo do coentro. O solo utilizado foi oriundo de Ãrea que predomina um Neossolo QuartzarÃnico, da comunidade do Coqueiro do Alagamar, no municÃpio de Pindoretama-CE. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, onde os tratamentos foram: T1- [4 kg Solo + 5g Bokashi + (20g composto orgÃnico = c.o.)]; T2- (4 kg Solo + 10g Bokashi + c.o.); T3-(4 kg Solo + 15g Bokashi + c.o.); T4- (4 kg Solo +20g Bokashi + c.o.); T5- (4 kg S + 20 g Bokashi); T6- (4 kg S + c.o.) e T7- Controle (solo natural). Foram avaliadas a altura e a massa da matÃria seca da parte aÃrea das plantas de cebolinha e do coentro e no solo, o pH, o Carbono orgÃnico total, o NitrogÃnio total e o FÃsforo disponÃvel, a colonizaÃÃo micorrÃzica arbuscular, a respiraÃÃo basal do solo, o quociente metabÃlico e o carbono da biomassa microbiana. Pelos resultados obtidos, o Bokashi, na dose de 20 g, foi o que mais favoreceu o desenvolvimento das plantas. NÃo houve influÃncia nos teores de NitrogÃnio total dos solo cultivados, mas os teores do carbono orgÃnico total e do carbono da biomassa microbiana tiveram um aumento significativo nos tratamentos T4 e T5. A quantidade de esporos de FMA nas amostras de solo analisadas foi menor nos tratamentos com Bokashi e mostrou-se estatisticamente diferente do T7 â Controle, que foi a que apresentou a maior quantidade de esporos. A colonizaÃÃo micorrÃzica arbuscular aumentou nos tratamentos T6 e T7 que nÃo usavam o Bokashi e foi menor nos tratamentos T4 e T5, que receberam a dose de 20g do Bokashi. / This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different doses of Bokashi in crop growth of coriander and chives, in some soil chemical properties and in microbial biomass activity of soil, to test the hypothesis that the use of the Bokashi in the cultivation of coriander and chives improve plant growth, increases the quality of the soil . The conduct of the experiment was accomplished in the greenhouse horticulture sector of the Department of Plant Science of the Federal University of Cearà (UFC), located in the Campus do Pici, Fortaleza, in a period of 60 days after transplanting the chives seedlings, from trays to plastic pots containing 4 kg of soil and for a period of 40 days pro cultivation of coriander. The soil used was from the area that predominates Quartzipsamments Neosol from the community of Coqueiro do Alagamar, in the municipality of Pindoretama-Ce. The experimental design was of completely randomized kind, consisting of seven treatments: T1- [4 kg Soil + 5g Bokashi + (20g organic compound = c.o)], T2-(4 kg soil+ 10g Bokashi + co) , T3-(4 kg soil+ 15g Bokashi + co), T4- (4 kg Solo +20 g Bokashi + co),-T5 (4 kg S + 20 g Bokashi), T6-(4 kg S + co) and T7 - (natural soil)Control. The characteristics evaluated were the height and dry mass of the aerial part of chives and coriander and in the soil, pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus, arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, the soil basal respiration, metabolic quotient and microbial biomass carbon . By the results obtained the Bokashi at a dose of 20 g, was the one that most favored plant development. There was no influence on the levels of total nitrogen of the cultivated soil, but the levels of total organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon had a significant increase in T4 and T5 treatments. The number of AMF spores in the soil samples analyzed was lower in the treatments with Bokashi and was statistically different in T7 - Control, being the highest one. Mycorrhizal root colonization increased in treatments T6 and T7 which were not using the Bokashi and was lower in treatments T4 and T5, which received the dose of 20g of Bokashi.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-04T14:43:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leirson Salvador Bezerra de Vasconcelos.pdf: 534486 bytes, checksum: d319c5e2799db23cf278b249b3afd666 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T14:43:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leirson Salvador Bezerra de Vasconcelos.pdf: 534486 bytes, checksum: d319c5e2799db23cf278b249b3afd666 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-30 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is found mainly in the Northeast and Northern of Brazil, where large numbers of producers are involved with their exploration, thus making it a culture of great socioeconomic importance. Your culture seeks to obtain the green mass, much used in cooking in various dishes, in addition to the production of dried fruit for use in pharmaceutical and food industries. The concentration of nutrients from the nutritive solution is a feature very important for the development of plants, and one way to measure it is the electrical conductivity. This is directly related to the content of soluble salts, which can affect the development of plants. This study aimed to evaluate in terms of a greenhouse, growth and metabolism of coriander according to the ion concentration of two nutritive solutions under conditions of hydroponic cultivation. Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement (7 X 2), with seven levels of electrical conductivity (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 dS.m -1) and two nutritive solutions with four repetitions totaling 56 experimental units. The nutritive solutions used were according to Castellane and Furlani with modifications to achieve the desired conductivity. The plants were collected after 60 days of planting. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance and regression. The solution that produced greater amount of green mass and dry mass was to Furlani, although this solution the plants were more sensitive to increased electrical conductivity. The levels of chlorophyll and carbohydrates showed a trend of increasing proportion of these compounds to increase the electrical conductivity. When connected the levels of chlorophyll and carbohydrates and the two nutrient solutions, only to the concentration of carbohydrates was no difference between the solutions, in conductivities of 1.0 and 1.5 dS.m-1. Generally, the electrical conductivity changed the concentration of nutrients, but did not cause disturbances in the plant, since none of the ions had evaluated their negative or overpaid for the culture of coriander. So is true that the original solutions can be used for the production of hydroponic coriander. / O coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.) é encontrado principalmente no Nordeste e Norte do Brasil, onde grande número de produtores está envolvido com sua exploração, tornando-o conseqüentemente uma cultura de grande importância socioeconômica. Seu cultivo visa à obtenção de massa verde, bastante utilizada na culinária em diversos pratos, além da produção de frutos secos para a utilização em indústrias farmacêutica e alimentícia. A concentração dos nutrientes da solução nutritiva é uma característica muito importante para o desenvolvimento das plantas, e uma das formas de mensurá-la é pela condutividade elétrica. Esta está diretamente relacionada ao teor de sais solúveis, que pode afetar o desenvolvimento das plantas. O presente trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação e teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e metabolismo do coentro em função da concentração iônica de duas soluções nutritivas sob condições de cultivo hidropônico. Os tratamentos constaram de um arranjo fatorial (7 X 2), sendo sete níveis de condutividade elétrica (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5 e 3,0 dS.m-1) e duas soluções nutritivas com quatro repetições totalizando 56 unidades experimentais. As soluções nutritivas utilizadas foram a de Castellane e a de Furlani com modificações para obter a condutividade elétrica desejada. As plantas foram coletadas após 60 dias do plantio. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e de regressão. A solução que produziu maior quantidade de massa verde e massa seca foi a de Furlani, apesar de nesta solução as plantas terem sido mais sensíveis ao aumento da condutividade elétrica. Os teores de clorofila e carboidratos apresentaram uma tendência de aumento destes compostos proporcional ao incremento da condutividade elétrica. Quando relacionados os teores de clorofila e carboidratos e as duas soluções nutritivas, apenas na concentração de carboidratos houve diferença entre as soluções, nas condutividades de 1,0 e 1,5 dS.m-1. De modo geral, a condutividade elétrica alterou a concentração dos macronutrientes, porém não provocou distúrbios no vegetal, já que nenhum dos íons avaliados teve seus valores deficientes ou em excesso para a cultura do coentro. Assim é válido que as soluções originais podem ser utilizadas para a produção de coentro hidropônico.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:15:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JosimarNS_DISSERT.pdf: 893612 bytes, checksum: c84d5b70984db4b8d05b5792681f8bd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The intercropping system has constituted one of the main alternative techniques that contribute to improve the sustainability and crops yields, especially when it associates crops, that to use environmental resources, promotes greater ecological balance of the ecosystem. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate combinations of coriander and salad rocket cultivars in bicropping intercropped with carrot cultivars in strips under the conditions of Mossoró- RN. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Rafael Fernandes, in the period from July to December 2014. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications, and the treatments arranged in a 2x2x2 factorial. The treatments consisted of the combination of two coriander cultivars (Verdão and Português), two cultivars of rocket (Cultivada and FolhaLarga) and two carrot cultivars (Brasília and Esplanada). The characteristics evaluated in the coriander and rockets were: plant height, number of stems or leaves per plant, green mass yield and shoot dry mass. In the carrot was evaluated: plant height, number of stems per plant, shoot fresh and dry mass, root dry mass, commercial productivity of roots, total productivity of roots and classified productivity of roots. In the intercropping systems were evaluated: land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index, score of the canonical variable, besides the indicators of economic efficiency: gross income, net income, rate of return, profit margin and modified monetary advantage. The best agroeconomic efficiency of the polyculture was achieved in the combination of the coriander cultivar 'Verdão', rocket cultivar 'FolhaLarga' and carrot cultivar 'Esplanada'. Regardless of the combinations tested cultivars, the production agrosystem of coriander and salad rocket in bicropping intercropped with carrot was the most efficient of fhatfrom the single crops of these vegetables / A consorciação de culturas tem se constituído em uma das principais técnicas alternativas que contribuem para melhorar a sustentabilidade e rendimento das culturas, principalmente quando se consorcia culturas que ao utilizar os recursos ambientais, promove um maior equilíbrio ecológico do ecossistema. Diante disto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar combinações de cultivares de coentro e rúcula em bicultivo consorciadas com cultivares de cenoura em faixas nas condições de Mossoró- RN. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, no período de julho a dezembro de 2014. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com 4 repetições, com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 2x2x2. Os tratamentos consistiram na combinação de duas cultivares de coentro (Verdão e Português), com duas cultivares de rúcula (Cultivada e Folha Larga) e duas cultivares de cenoura (Brasília e Esplanada). As características avaliadas no coentro e rúcula foram: altura de plantas, número de hastes ou folhas por planta, rendimento de massa verde e massa seca da parte aérea. Na cenoura foram avaliadas: altura de plantas, número de hastes por planta, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, massa seca de raiz, produtividade comercial, produtividade total e produtividade classificada de raízes. No consórcio avaliou-se: os índices agronômicos de eficiência do uso da terra, índice de eficiência produtiva e escore da variável canônica, além dos indicadores de eficiência econômica: renda bruta, renda líquida, taxa de retorno, índice de lucratividade e vantagem monetária corrigida. A melhor eficiência agroeconômica do policultivo foi alcançada na combinação de cultivares de coentro Verdão , rúcula Folha Larga e cenoura Esplanada . Independentemente das combinações de cultivares testadas, os agrossistemas de produção de coentro e rúcula em bicultivo consorciado com cenoura foram mais eficientedo que aqueles provenientes dos cultivos solteiros dessas hortaliças

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JosimarNS_DISSERT.pdf: 893612 bytes, checksum: c84d5b70984db4b8d05b5792681f8bd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The intercropping system has constituted one of the main alternative techniques that contribute to improve the sustainability and crops yields, especially when it associates crops, that to use environmental resources, promotes greater ecological balance of the ecosystem. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate combinations of coriander and salad rocket cultivars in bicropping intercropped with carrot cultivars in strips under the conditions of Mossoró- RN. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Rafael Fernandes, in the period from July to December 2014. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications, and the treatments arranged in a 2x2x2 factorial. The treatments consisted of the combination of two coriander cultivars (Verdão and Português), two cultivars of rocket (Cultivada and FolhaLarga) and two carrot cultivars (Brasília and Esplanada). The characteristics evaluated in the coriander and rockets were: plant height, number of stems or leaves per plant, green mass yield and shoot dry mass. In the carrot was evaluated: plant height, number of stems per plant, shoot fresh and dry mass, root dry mass, commercial productivity of roots, total productivity of roots and classified productivity of roots. In the intercropping systems were evaluated: land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index, score of the canonical variable, besides the indicators of economic efficiency: gross income, net income, rate of return, profit margin and modified monetary advantage. The best agroeconomic efficiency of the polyculture was achieved in the combination of the coriander cultivar 'Verdão', rocket cultivar 'FolhaLarga' and carrot cultivar 'Esplanada'. Regardless of the combinations tested cultivars, the production agrosystem of coriander and salad rocket in bicropping intercropped with carrot was the most efficient of fhatfrom the single crops of these vegetables / A consorciação de culturas tem se constituído em uma das principais técnicas alternativas que contribuem para melhorar a sustentabilidade e rendimento das culturas, principalmente quando se consorcia culturas que ao utilizar os recursos ambientais, promove um maior equilíbrio ecológico do ecossistema. Diante disto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar combinações de cultivares de coentro e rúcula em bicultivo consorciadas com cultivares de cenoura em faixas nas condições de Mossoró- RN. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, no período de julho a dezembro de 2014. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com 4 repetições, com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 2x2x2. Os tratamentos consistiram na combinação de duas cultivares de coentro (Verdão e Português), com duas cultivares de rúcula (Cultivada e Folha Larga) e duas cultivares de cenoura (Brasília e Esplanada). As características avaliadas no coentro e rúcula foram: altura de plantas, número de hastes ou folhas por planta, rendimento de massa verde e massa seca da parte aérea. Na cenoura foram avaliadas: altura de plantas, número de hastes por planta, massa fresca e seca da parte aérea, massa seca de raiz, produtividade comercial, produtividade total e produtividade classificada de raízes. No consórcio avaliou-se: os índices agronômicos de eficiência do uso da terra, índice de eficiência produtiva e escore da variável canônica, além dos indicadores de eficiência econômica: renda bruta, renda líquida, taxa de retorno, índice de lucratividade e vantagem monetária corrigida. A melhor eficiência agroeconômica do policultivo foi alcançada na combinação de cultivares de coentro Verdão , rúcula Folha Larga e cenoura Esplanada . Independentemente das combinações de cultivares testadas, os agrossistemas de produção de coentro e rúcula em bicultivo consorciado com cenoura foram mais eficientedo que aqueles provenientes dos cultivos solteiros dessas hortaliças

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:36:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1071729 bytes, checksum: 589cee2281058f43c8a1df71161af722 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The goals of this work were to evaluate the influence of the use of pre-cooling and hydration on the longevity of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) leaves. In evaluating the use of pre-cooling were made bundles of leaves coriander 20-25 g. Immediately after the shape, the bundles were submerged for 10 min in a mixture at 5 °C with crushed ice and water (1:3 v/v), followed by storage at 20 and 5°C. The hydrocooling caused premature yellowing of the coriander leaves 72 and 96 h after the treatment, respectively, for storage at 20 and 5°C. It was concluded that the most appropriate treatment for post-harvest conservation of coriander bundles is the storage at 5 °C after harvest without pre-cooling. For to evaluation the effect of hydration of coriander leaves were used bundles 25-30 g, three times of submerged in water at 25°C (3, 6 and 9 h) and three percentages of weight loss before to immersion of the bundles in water (0.5 to 10%). The hydration was assessed in both storage temperatures. At first, the bundles were stored at 5°C and relative humidity (RH) of 80% after hydration, and the weight loss of 5 and 10% occurred at 5°C. At the second, the weight loss of 5 and 10% occurred at 25°C and the bundles were stored at 25°C and 54% RH. It was found that use of the hydration did not resulted in increase the longevity of coriander bundles, when the leaves were subsequently stored at 25°C. The hydration occasioned the appearance of dark spots on the leaves, yellowing and decay of leaves and branches, during storage at 25°C. The use of refrigeration at 5°C after hydration impeded the yellowing and branches of coriander bundles over the shelf life. The hydration for 3 h after harvest of coriander bundles can be used to increase in day the longevity of the same, if followed by storage at 5°C. / Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a influência do uso do pré-resfriamento da temperatura e da hidratação na longevidade de folhas de coentro Português (Coriandrum sativum L.). Na avaliação do uso do pré-resfriamento e do armazenamento refrigerado foram feitos maços de folhas de coentro de 20-25 g. Logo após o feitio, os maços foram imerso por 10 minutos em uma mistura a 5ºC de gelo moído e água (1:3 v/v), seguido de armazenamento a 20 e 5°C. O hidroresfriamento provocou o amarelecimento prematuro das folhas de coentro 96 horas após o tratamento para o armazenamento a 5°C. Concluiu-se que o tratamento mais indicado para conservação pós-colheita de maços de coentro é o armazenamento a 5°C após a colheita sem pré-resfriamento. Para avaliação do efeito da hidratação de folhas de coentro foram utilizados maços de 25-30 g, três tempos de imersão em água a 25°C (3, 6 e 9 horas) e três porcentagens de perda de massa fresca antes da imersão dos maços em água (0, 5 e 10%). A hidratação foi avaliada em duas temperaturas de armazenamento. Na primeira, os maços foram armazenados a 5°C e umidade relativa do ar de 80%, logo após a hidratação, e a perda de massa fresca de 5 e 10% obtida a 5 °C. Na segunda, a perda de massa fresca de 5 e 10% foi obtida a 25°C e os maços foram armazenados a 25°C e a 54% de umidade relativa. Verificou-se que uso da hidratação não resultou em aumento da longevidade de maços de coentro, quando estes foram posteriormente armazenadas a 25°C. A hidratação ocasionou o aparecimento de manchas escuras nas folhas, amarelecimento e apodrecimento do limbo e pecíolo, ao longo do armazenamento a 25°C. O uso da refrigeração a 5°C após o hidratação impediu o amarelecimento e apodrecimento dos maços de coentro ao longo da vida de prateleira. A hidratação, por 3 horas, após a colheita de maços de coentro pode ser utilizado para aumentar em dia a longevidade dos mesmos, se for seguida do armazenamento a 5°C.

Trichogramma carverae Oatman and Pinto is mass-released for biological control of the leafroller pest, light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) in Australian vineyards. Parasitoid performance can, however, be constrained by a lack of suitable adult food and no information is available on the effect of nectar on the parasitism and longevity of T. carverae. To address this, the effect of alyssum, Lobularia maritima (L.) flowers on E. postvittana parasitism was studied in a vineyard experiment with and without releases of T. carverae. Egg parasitoid activity was assessed with E. postvittana egg �sentinel cards� and no parasitism was recorded in plots without T. carverae releases. Where T. carverae were released, there was no significant enhancement of parasitism by the presence of L. maritima flowers. Three hypotheses were subsequently tested to account for the lack of an effect: (i) T. carverae does not benefit from L. maritima nectar, (ii) T. carverae was feeding on nectar from other flowering plants (weeds) present in the vineyard, (iii) T. carverae was feeding on sugars from ripe grapes. A growth-cabinet experiment using potted L. maritima plants with and without flowers did not support hypothesis one. No parasitism was recorded after day two for T. carverae caged without flowers whilst parasitism occured until day eight in the presence of flowers. A laboratory experiment with common vineyard weeds (Trifolium repens, Hypochoeris radicata, Echium plantagineum) as well as L. maritima did not support hypothesis one but gave partial support to hypothesis two. Survival of T. carverae was enhanced to a small but statistically significant extent in vials with intact flowers of L. maritima, white clover (T. repens) and catsear (H. radicata) but not in vials with flowering shoots of these species from which flowers and flowering buds had been removed. Paterson�s curse (E. plantagineum) flowers had no effect on T. carverae survival. In a laboratory study, punctured grapes significantly enhanced T. carverae survival compared with a treatment without grapes, supporting hypothesis three. Trichogramma carverae performance in the field experiment was probably also constrained by relatively cool and wet weather. Further work on the enhancement of T. carverae efficacy by L. maritima and other carbohydrate sources is warranted. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate whether T. carverae benefit from different groundcover plant species. Ten T. carverae adults (<24h after eclosion) were caged with different groundcover species and a control with no plant materials. Epiphyas postvittana egg sentinel cards were used to measure parasitism and longevity was recorded visually. Survival and realised parasitism of T. carverae was significantly higher in L. maritima than in Brassica juncea, Coriandrum sativum, shoots of these species from which flowers had been removed and nil control treatments. A similar experiment with Fagopyrum esculentum (with- and without-flowers) and a control treatment showed that survival was significantly higher in intact F. esculentum than in without-flower and control treatments. There was no significant treatment effect on parasitism in the early stages of that experiment, though parasitism was recorded in the presence of F. esculentum flowers for 12 days, compared with 6 days in other treatments. Higher parasitism was observed in intact Borago officinalis than in the flowerless shoot, water only and no plant material control treatments in a third experiment. There was no significant treatment effect on parasitism. Fitted exponential curves for survival data differed significantly in curvature in the first, second and third experiments but the slope was a non-significant parameter in the second and third experiments. In a second series of laboratory experiments, one male and one female T. carverae were caged with groundcover species to investigate male and female longevity and daily fecundity. Both male and female longevity in F. esculentum and L. maritima treatments were significantly higher than on shoots of these species from which flowers had been removed, and than in the control treatments. Daily fecundity was significantly greater in the intact L. maritima treatment than in all other treatments. Fitted exponential curves for daily fecundity differed significantly in position and slope but not in curvature. There was no significant treatment effect on longevity or parasitism when a male and female were caged with intact B. juncea, B. officinalis or without-flower of these species, nor in the treatment with no plant materials. No parasitism was observed in a survey of naturally occurring egg parasitoids on two sites close to Orange and Canowindra in New South Wales, illustrating the importance of mass releases of T. carverae in biological control of E. postvittana. In an experiment on the Canowindra site, parasitism was significantly higher on day one and day two after T. carverae release when with-flower treatments were compared with without-flower treatments. Parasitism was significantly higher in the F. esculentum treatment than in C. sativum, L. maritima, vegetation without-flowers and control treatments on these dates. On day five, parasitism was higher in C. sativum than in all other treatments. There was no significant increase in parasitism in a second experiment conducted on the Orange site. Coriandrum sativum, F. esculentum and L. maritima appear to be suitable adult food sources for T. carverae and offer some scope for habitat manipulation in vineyards The adults of many parasitoid species require nectar for optimal fitness but very little is known about flower recognition. Flight cage experiments showed that the adults of T. carverae benefited from L. maritima bearing white flowers to a greater extent than was the case for light pink, dark pink or purple flowered cultivars, despite all cultivars producing nectar. Survival and realised parasitism on non-white flowers were no greater than when the parasitoids were caged on L. maritima shoots from which flowers had been removed. The possibility that differences between L. maritima cultivars were due to factors other than flower colour, such as nectar quality, was excluded by dyeing white L. maritima flowers by placing the roots of the plants in 5% food dye (blue or pink) solution. Survival of T. carverae was lower on dyed L. maritima flowers than on undyed white flowers. Mixing the same dyes with honey in a third experiment conducted in the dark showed that the low level of feeding on dyed flowers was unlikely to be the result of olfactory or gustatory cues. Flower colour appears, therefore, to be a critical factor in the choice of plants used to enhance biological control, and is likely to also be a factor in the role parasitoids play in structuring invertebrate communities. Provision of nectar producing plants to increase the effectiveness of biological control is one aspect of habitat manipulation, but care needs to be taken to avoid the use of plant species that may benefit pest species. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate whether the adult E. postvittana and larvae benefit from nectar producing groundcover species. Newly emerged E. postvittana adults were caged with different groundcover species and a honey-based artificial adult diet. The longevity of male and female E. postvittana when caged with shoots of borage (B. officinalis) and buckwheat (F. esculentum) bearing flowers was as long as when fed a honey-based artificial diet. This effect was not evident when caged with shoots of these plants from which flowers had been removed. Longevity was significantly lower than in the artificial diet treatment when caged with coriander (C. sativum) or alyssum (L. maritima) irrespective of whether flowers were present or not. There was no significant treatment effect on the lifetime fecundity of E. postvittana. A second experiment with mustard (B. juncea) (with- and without-flowers), water only and honey-based artificial adult diet showed no significant treatment effects on the longevity of male and female E. postvittana or on the lifetime fecundity of E. postvittana. The anomalous lack of a difference between the water and honey-based diet treatments precludes making conclusions on the value of B. juncea for E. postvittana. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of groundcover species on the larval development of E. postvittana. In the first experiment, larval mortality was significantly higher in C. sativum, and L. maritima than in B. juncea, B. officinalis and white clover (T. repens) a known host of E. postvittana. Coriandrum sativum and L. maritima extended the larval period. In B. juncea and B. officinalis, mortality did not differ from that in T. repens. In F. esculentum, larval mortality was significantly higher than in T. repens. A short larval period was observed on B. juncea, B. officinalis and F. esculentum. Fitted exponential curves for larval mortality differed significantly in curvature between plant treatments. Similarly, successful pupation was significantly lower in C. sativum, F. esculentum and L. maritima than in T. repens. The percentage of successful pupation in B. juncea and B. officinalis did not differ from F. esculentum and T. repens. Fitted exponential curves for pupation differed significantly in curvature. A similar trend was observed in a second experiment with potted plants. The overall results suggest that C. sativum and L. maritima denied benefit to E. postvittana adults and larvae, so could be planted as vineyard groundcover with minimal risk of exacerbating this pest. Overall results suggest that T. carverae require nutrients to reach their full reproductive potential and flowers provide such nutrients. Lobularia maritima and C. sativum may be considered �selective food plants� for T. carverae whereas F. esculentum appears to be a �non-selective food plant�; both T. carverae and E. postvittana benefited from it. Fruits such as grapes can be used as food resources in habitat manipulation and this merits further research. This result also suggests that within species flower colour is an important factor for flower selection in habitat manipulation.

Trichogramma carverae Oatman and Pinto is mass-released for biological control of the leafroller pest, light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) in Australian vineyards. Parasitoid performance can, however, be constrained by a lack of suitable adult food and no information is available on the effect of nectar on the parasitism and longevity of T. carverae. To address this, the effect of alyssum, Lobularia maritima (L.) flowers on E. postvittana parasitism was studied in a vineyard experiment with and without releases of T. carverae. Egg parasitoid activity was assessed with E. postvittana egg �sentinel cards� and no parasitism was recorded in plots without T. carverae releases. Where T. carverae were released, there was no significant enhancement of parasitism by the presence of L. maritima flowers. Three hypotheses were subsequently tested to account for the lack of an effect: (i) T. carverae does not benefit from L. maritima nectar, (ii) T. carverae was feeding on nectar from other flowering plants (weeds) present in the vineyard, (iii) T. carverae was feeding on sugars from ripe grapes. A growth-cabinet experiment using potted L. maritima plants with and without flowers did not support hypothesis one. No parasitism was recorded after day two for T. carverae caged without flowers whilst parasitism occured until day eight in the presence of flowers. A laboratory experiment with common vineyard weeds (Trifolium repens, Hypochoeris radicata, Echium plantagineum) as well as L. maritima did not support hypothesis one but gave partial support to hypothesis two. Survival of T. carverae was enhanced to a small but statistically significant extent in vials with intact flowers of L. maritima, white clover (T. repens) and catsear (H. radicata) but not in vials with flowering shoots of these species from which flowers and flowering buds had been removed. Paterson�s curse (E. plantagineum) flowers had no effect on T. carverae survival. In a laboratory study, punctured grapes significantly enhanced T. carverae survival compared with a treatment without grapes, supporting hypothesis three. Trichogramma carverae performance in the field experiment was probably also constrained by relatively cool and wet weather. Further work on the enhancement of T. carverae efficacy by L. maritima and other carbohydrate sources is warranted. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to investigate whether T. carverae benefit from different groundcover plant species. Ten T. carverae adults (<24h after eclosion) were caged with different groundcover species and a control with no plant materials. Epiphyas postvittana egg sentinel cards were used to measure parasitism and longevity was recorded visually. Survival and realised parasitism of T. carverae was significantly higher in L. maritima than in Brassica juncea, Coriandrum sativum, shoots of these species from which flowers had been removed and nil control treatments. A similar experiment with Fagopyrum esculentum (with- and without-flowers) and a control treatment showed that survival was significantly higher in intact F. esculentum than in without-flower and control treatments. There was no significant treatment effect on parasitism in the early stages of that experiment, though parasitism was recorded in the presence of F. esculentum flowers for 12 days, compared with 6 days in other treatments. Higher parasitism was observed in intact Borago officinalis than in the flowerless shoot, water only and no plant material control treatments in a third experiment. There was no significant treatment effect on parasitism. Fitted exponential curves for survival data differed significantly in curvature in the first, second and third experiments but the slope was a non-significant parameter in the second and third experiments. In a second series of laboratory experiments, one male and one female T. carverae were caged with groundcover species to investigate male and female longevity and daily fecundity. Both male and female longevity in F. esculentum and L. maritima treatments were significantly higher than on shoots of these species from which flowers had been removed, and than in the control treatments. Daily fecundity was significantly greater in the intact L. maritima treatment than in all other treatments. Fitted exponential curves for daily fecundity differed significantly in position and slope but not in curvature. There was no significant treatment effect on longevity or parasitism when a male and female were caged with intact B. juncea, B. officinalis or without-flower of these species, nor in the treatment with no plant materials. No parasitism was observed in a survey of naturally occurring egg parasitoids on two sites close to Orange and Canowindra in New South Wales, illustrating the importance of mass releases of T. carverae in biological control of E. postvittana. In an experiment on the Canowindra site, parasitism was significantly higher on day one and day two after T. carverae release when with-flower treatments were compared with without-flower treatments. Parasitism was significantly higher in the F. esculentum treatment than in C. sativum, L. maritima, vegetation without-flowers and control treatments on these dates. On day five, parasitism was higher in C. sativum than in all other treatments. There was no significant increase in parasitism in a second experiment conducted on the Orange site. Coriandrum sativum, F. esculentum and L. maritima appear to be suitable adult food sources for T. carverae and offer some scope for habitat manipulation in vineyards The adults of many parasitoid species require nectar for optimal fitness but very little is known about flower recognition. Flight cage experiments showed that the adults of T. carverae benefited from L. maritima bearing white flowers to a greater extent than was the case for light pink, dark pink or purple flowered cultivars, despite all cultivars producing nectar. Survival and realised parasitism on non-white flowers were no greater than when the parasitoids were caged on L. maritima shoots from which flowers had been removed. The possibility that differences between L. maritima cultivars were due to factors other than flower colour, such as nectar quality, was excluded by dyeing white L. maritima flowers by placing the roots of the plants in 5% food dye (blue or pink) solution. Survival of T. carverae was lower on dyed L. maritima flowers than on undyed white flowers. Mixing the same dyes with honey in a third experiment conducted in the dark showed that the low level of feeding on dyed flowers was unlikely to be the result of olfactory or gustatory cues. Flower colour appears, therefore, to be a critical factor in the choice of plants used to enhance biological control, and is likely to also be a factor in the role parasitoids play in structuring invertebrate communities. Provision of nectar producing plants to increase the effectiveness of biological control is one aspect of habitat manipulation, but care needs to be taken to avoid the use of plant species that may benefit pest species. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate whether the adult E. postvittana and larvae benefit from nectar producing groundcover species. Newly emerged E. postvittana adults were caged with different groundcover species and a honey-based artificial adult diet. The longevity of male and female E. postvittana when caged with shoots of borage (B. officinalis) and buckwheat (F. esculentum) bearing flowers was as long as when fed a honey-based artificial diet. This effect was not evident when caged with shoots of these plants from which flowers had been removed. Longevity was significantly lower than in the artificial diet treatment when caged with coriander (C. sativum) or alyssum (L. maritima) irrespective of whether flowers were present or not. There was no significant treatment effect on the lifetime fecundity of E. postvittana. A second experiment with mustard (B. juncea) (with- and without-flowers), water only and honey-based artificial adult diet showed no significant treatment effects on the longevity of male and female E. postvittana or on the lifetime fecundity of E. postvittana. The anomalous lack of a difference between the water and honey-based diet treatments precludes making conclusions on the value of B. juncea for E. postvittana. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of groundcover species on the larval development of E. postvittana. In the first experiment, larval mortality was significantly higher in C. sativum, and L. maritima than in B. juncea, B. officinalis and white clover (T. repens) a known host of E. postvittana. Coriandrum sativum and L. maritima extended the larval period. In B. juncea and B. officinalis, mortality did not differ from that in T. repens. In F. esculentum, larval mortality was significantly higher than in T. repens. A short larval period was observed on B. juncea, B. officinalis and F. esculentum. Fitted exponential curves for larval mortality differed significantly in curvature between plant treatments. Similarly, successful pupation was significantly lower in C. sativum, F. esculentum and L. maritima than in T. repens. The percentage of successful pupation in B. juncea and B. officinalis did not differ from F. esculentum and T. repens. Fitted exponential curves for pupation differed significantly in curvature. A similar trend was observed in a second experiment with potted plants. The overall results suggest that C. sativum and L. maritima denied benefit to E. postvittana adults and larvae, so could be planted as vineyard groundcover with minimal risk of exacerbating this pest. Overall results suggest that T. carverae require nutrients to reach their full reproductive potential and flowers provide such nutrients. Lobularia maritima and C. sativum may be considered �selective food plants� for T. carverae whereas F. esculentum appears to be a �non-selective food plant�; both T. carverae and E. postvittana benefited from it. Fruits such as grapes can be used as food resources in habitat manipulation and this merits further research. This result also suggests that within species flower colour is an important factor for flower selection in habitat manipulation.

Les apiaceae peuvent être définies en tant qu' Aroma-Tincto-Oleo-Crop (ATOC), plantes qui contiennent à la fois une huile végétale et une huile essentielle. Appliquer le concept d'agroraffinage aux ATOC revient à proposer un procédé séquentiel alliant une co-extraction huile végétale et huile essentielle à une valorisation des résidus en tant que source de molécules biosourcées et de susbtrat pour la formulation d'agromatériaux . Les objectifs de cette thèse seront donc d'étudier la faisabilité biologique et technologique d'application du concept d'ATOC-raffinage à la coriandre (Coriandrum sativum L.). Le chapitre I présente l'état de l'art bibliographique sur l'extraction et l'analyse des huiles végétales et huiles essentielles de coriandre tandis que dans le chapitre II sont décrits les matériels et méthodes mis en oeuvre au cours de la thèse tant au niveau échantillonnage, extraction, analyse que traitement des données. Le chapitre III est centré sur l'étude des différents paramètres biologiques pouvant influencer la bioaccumulation des huiles végétales et huiles essentielles dans la coriandre (différentes variétés, différents organes de la plante, différents stades de développement biologique) et leur impact sur l'activité anti-oxydante des extraits obtenus à partir des résidus d'extraction. Dans le chapitre IV, la technologie d'extrusion (mono-vis et bi-vis) a été appliquée aux graines de coriandre dans le but d’évaluer la faisabilité du pressage mécanique du fruit de la coriandre pour l’extraction d'une huile végétale aromatisée. L’influence des conditions expérimentales sur le rendement d'extraction en huile végétale (diamètre de buse et distance buse-vis (extrudeur mono-vis) ou configuration de vis, coefficient de remplissage et température de pressage (extrudeur bi-vis)) a été étudiée tandis que la faisabilité de la valorisation du résidu solide d'extraction en agromatériaux (thermo-pressage) a été montrée. / Apiaceae could be defined as Aroma Tincto Oleo Crops (ATOC), e.g. plants containing both vegetable oil and essential oil. Applying agroreffinery concept to ATOC led to propose a sequential fractionation process coupling co-extraction of vegetal oil and essential oil to a valorization of by-product residues as biosourced active molecules and substrates for designing agromaterials. The aim of this thesis is to determine the biological and technological feasability of application of the ATOC-refinery concept to coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Chapter I reports a bibliographic state of the art study on extraction and characterisation of coriander vegetal oil and essential oil while chapter II describes materials and methods setting up during the thesis for sampling, extraction, analysis and data processing. Chapter III focus on the study of major various biological parameters influencing bioaccumulation of vegetal oil and essential oil in coriander (different plant varieties, different plant organs, different biological stages) and their impact on anti-oxidant activity of extracts obtained from extraction residues. In chapter IV, coriander fruits are processed by extrusion technology (mono screw and twin-screw extruder) in order to evaluate the feasability of mechanical pressing for extracting a flavored vegetal oil. Influence of operating parameters on vegetal oil extraction yields (nozzle diameter and nozzle/screw distance (single-screw extruder) or screw configuration, device’s filling coefficient and pressing temperature (twin-screw extruder)) is studied while the feasability of valorization of extraction cake as agromaterial (thermopressing) was stated.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-10T14:58:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ELIEUDA BEZERRA PEREIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGHT 2014..pdf: 807731 bytes, checksum: 0955fa4edd497961925ed2d32c150971 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-10T14:58:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELIEUDA BEZERRA PEREIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGHT 2014..pdf: 807731 bytes, checksum: 0955fa4edd497961925ed2d32c150971 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / O coentro é uma espécie olerícola consumida em todas as regiões do Brasil, com destaque para a região Nordeste, onde, geralmente, é produzida por agricultores familiares. O uso de insumos químicos na produção de hortaliças folhosas é uma prática onerosa, que tem inviabilizado a atividade para produtores familiares, a adubação verde tem se apresentado como estratégia para esta questão, porém, a eficácia desta prática está condicionada à escolha adequada do adubo, bem como da determinação das quantidades suficientes para nutrição da cultura. Neste contexto, a pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a utilização da jitirana e flor-de-seda sobre características agronômicas de cultivares de coentro. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, localizada no distrito de Alagoinha, zona rural de Mossoró-RN, pertencente à Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido – Mossoró-RN. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 + 3, com 3 repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro doses da palhada de jitirana misturada à flor-de-seda, aplicadas em cobertura (6,0; 12,0; 18,0 e 24,0 t ha-1 em base seca) e três cultivares de coentro (Verdão, Super verdão e Tabocas) mais três tratamentos adicionais (ausência de adubação nas cultivares de coentro). Foram avaliados: a altura de plantas (cm planta-1), número de hastes por planta, produtividade e fitomassa seca do coentro (kg ha-1 e m-2 de canteiro). Observou-se interação entre os fatores estudados para produtividade e fitomassa seca do coentro. A palhada de jitirana com flor-de-seda em cobertura na quantidade de 24,0 t ha-1, proporcionou rendimento de 3341; 3283 e 2880 kg ha-1, para as cultivares Verdão; Super Verdão e Tabocas, respectivamente. As espécies espontâneas (jitirana com flor-de-seda) são promissoras para utilização como adubo verde. / Coriander is a horticultural crops species consumed in all regions of Brazil, especially in the Northeast region, where, generally, is produced by family farmers. The use of chemical inputs in the production of vegetables is a practice costly hardwoods, it has abandoned the activity for family farmers, the green manure has presented itself as a strategy for this issue, however, the effectiveness of this practice is subject to the proper choice of the fertilizer, as well as the determination of sufficient quantities to nutrition of culture. In this context, the research aimed to evaluate the use of jitirana and silk flower on agronomic characteristics of cultivars of coriander. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm Rafael Fernandes, located in the District of Alagoinha, a rural area of Mossoró-RN in the Federal University of Rural from Semi-Arid - Mossoró-RN. The delineation used was entirely randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in factorial scheme 4 x 3 + 3 with 3 replications. The treatments consisted of four doses of the chaff of jitirana mixed with silk flower, applied in coverage (6.0 12.0 and 24.0 18.0; t ha-1 on dry basis) and three cultivars of coriander (Verdão, Super verdão and Tabocas) plus three additional treatments (absence of fertilization in cultivars of coriander). It was assessed: plant height (cm plant-1), number of stems per plant, productivity and coriander dry mass (kg ha-1 and m-2 of construction site). Interaction was observed between the studied factors for productivity and dry mass of coriander. The chaff of jitirana with silk flower in coverage in the amount of 24.0 t ha-1, has given 3341 income; 3283 and 2880 kg ha-1, for the Verdão cultivars; Super Verdão and Tabocas, respectively. The spontaneous species (jitirana with silk flower) are promising for use as green manure.