“[A]s much as any other product, the car has shaped not only the global economy but how billions of people live”1,whilethe digital area is nowshapingthe car.Coopetition, a strategy presenting firms with the opportunity to collaborate and compete at the same time,is becoming a prevalent phenomenonamong large OEMs and start-ups in the automotive industry.Respectively, considering that coopetition, in the context of open innovation and new technologies, has been identified as a successful strategy, this thesis will therefore analyse the relationship between OEMs and external start-ups in the context of coopetition and corporate open innovation strategies. Several typesof corporate incubators, accelerators and corporate innovation labs emerged within the last years, howeveran integration of all three of these has not yet been widely explored. Accordingly, while these open innovation streamsare used by large corporationsto get access to the start-upecosystemand increase their innovation capabilities, the relationship between OEMs and external start-ups will further lead to CIIAs (a combined approach of corporate incubators, corporate innovation labs and corporate accelerators),demonstratedin the context of coopetition. This exploratory study therebycontributes to the relationship between external start-ups and OEMsthrough aCIIA approach,answering the two following researchquestions;•What are the main drivers of the OEM and external start-uprelationship?•How do OEMs and external start-ups coopete in the context of corporate open innovation strategies?To dulyanswer these research questions, we choseaqualitative researchmethodcombined with an interpretivist and inductiveapproachas well asempirical findings generated from 6semi-structured interviews. We furthercontributed tothe illustrationof the key aspects of CIIAsas well asthe motives, management and implications behind the relationshipsbetween OEMs and external start-upsbyaconceptual framework. Our analysishence showsthe significanceof the access to complementary resources, the co-creation and co-development of value as well as the systematic implementation of a proof of conceptin the light of thesecoopetitive relationshipsbetween CIIAs and external start-ups.However, consideringthat thisresearch has been based on the German automotive industry only, it will require further research in other contexts, sectors or countries. To conclude, thisthesis contributes tothe management literature ofcoopetition, corporate innovation and entrepreneurship. We proposeda finalframeworkto highlightthekey motives, the management and the implications behind thecoopetitive relationshipsbetween OEMsand external start-upsthrough the CIIA platform.This willexpectedly help managers and entrepreneurs develop efficientmanagement techniques as well asfurther recognize and understand the influential dynamicspresent in these relationships

Há um crescente interesse das grandes empresas em se aproximarem das startups como forma de desenvolver inovação aberta. Entre as 500 maiores empresas do ranking Forbes Global 500, 262 já têm iniciativas de engajamento com startups de alguma maneira: seja investindo, seja acelerando, incubando, realizando eventos ou buscando outros tipos de relacionamento. Nessa relação, a grande corporação pode se beneficiar da estrutura leve, da propensão a tomar riscos, da velocidade de operação e de tomada de decisão das startups, enquanto as startups podem se aproveitar do acesso à grande base de consumidores, do capital, da credibilidade e da estrutura voltada à eficiência da grande corporação, gerando ganhos mútuos. Para que uma grande empresa tenha sucesso nesse relacionamento, ela precisa saber quais são os seus objetivos, os seus resultados esperados, escolher a melhor forma de engajamento e criar uma operação equilibrada e integrada ao ecossistema empreendedor. Ter clareza de como cumprir essas etapas não é uma tarefa fácil. No mercado brasileiro, o desafio é ainda maior. O tema é recente e não há uma fonte de dados que consolide e analise as principais iniciativas de relacionamento entre startups e grandes empresas e as melhores práticas no país. Por meio de pesquisas exploratórias com dados secundários, este estudo identificou, mapeou e categorizou 137 programas de engajamento entre grandes corporações e startups no país. As informações encontradas foram confrontadas com o levantamento teórico e enriquecidas com informações coletadas em entrevistas com executivos responsáveis por algumas das principais iniciativas existentes no Brasil. Desta forma foi possível construir uma visão do mercado brasileiro e entender o nível de maturidade nessa área. Foi possível também identificar os objetivos das corporações, os modelos de relacionamento praticados, o perfil de interesse em startups, as formas como selecionam esse tipo de negócios, como operam os programas, os riscos envolvidos e as formas de mensuração de resultados. / There is increasing interest from the big companies to be closer to the startups as a way of fostering the open innovation. Among the 500 major companies of the Forbes Global 500 ranking, 262 are already running startup engagement programs in any way: investing, accelerating, incubating, running events or any other kind of relationship. In this relationship, the big company can benefit from the innovation focus, the willingness to take risks, the speed of operation and decision taking of the startups, meanwhile the startups can benefit from the access to the big consumer base, the capital, the credibility and the efficiency of the big corporations. To be successful in this journey the big company have to be clear about what are their objectives, the expected results and chose the best model of engagement to create a program that has to be balanced and integrated with the startup ecosystem. Being clear about how to achieve that can be challenging. The topic is recent and there is little literature about that. In Brazil, the challenge is even greater. There is no data source with consolidated data and information about the main startup engagement programs and its best practices. Trough exploratory research with open data this paper have sourced and categorized 137 startup and big companies engagement programs in the country. The gathered data was analyzed taking in consideration the related bibliography and enriched with information collected from interviews with executives responsible for some of the main initiatives in Brazil. This way it was possible to build a consolidated view of the market and its level of maturity. It was also possible to identify the main objectives of the big companies, the engagement models adopted, the startup target profile, the way they select the startups and run the programs, the risks and how they measure the results

The pursuit of new opportunities is at the heart of entrepreneurship. Creating the organizational environment to recognize and seize such opportunities is fundamental to entrepreneurial success and yet, the relationship between organizational design and entrepreneurship has received limited attention. Drawing on extant research in the fields of corporate venturing, technology business incubation, organizational design and governance, this dissertation addresses these research gaps by presenting four studies. The first relies on abductive reasoning to develop a conceptual framework for typologizing the design of the heterogeneous accelerator phenomenon. The second study empirically develops an organizational design typology of various corporate accelerator archetypes, as a key mechanism for the process of technology business incubation and corporate venturing. It further highlights how corporate accelerator design evolved over time. The third study addresses organizational decision systems and specifically, the role of the board of directors in young, entrepreneurial ventures. The fourth study presents a case study and teaching note exploring how to design an entrepreneurial organization and sustain its flexibility, adaptability and entrepreneurial DNA over the long term. In sum, this dissertation contributes to the field of entrepreneurship by extending prevailing knowledge on the why, how, and what of corporate accelerators, new venture boards and the organizational design behind such entrepreneurial entities.