This study investigates the relationship between profit-making corporations and the not-for-profit sector within Australia. The broad field of corporate social responsibility, or CSR, is discussed, narrowing to the activity of corporate philanthropy and corporate social investment. The latter is defined as being philanthropy with strategic intent, in order to build capacity within the recipient organisation which in most cases will produce beneficial outcomes for the donor as well (Tracey, 2003). The title of this study has used the term ‘philanthropic contract’ (Broadbent, 2001; Kouzmin, 2007) to describe the relationship between commercial organisations and charitable ones and the unwritten societal expectation, that the corporate sector will support the work of members of the not-for-profit sector. This study also uses the term ‘social capital’ (Putnam, 1995) to describe one of the principle areas of benefit for companies who participate.The aspect of the relationship between the two sectors that formed the focus of this study is defined as being the interaction between the two that involves financial contributions and those of goods and services as well as expertise, information and influence flowing from profit-making companies to not-for-profit organisations.The direction of the research is to advance toward an understanding of why corporations engage in this practice and toward a conclusion as to whether corporate social investing is a mutually beneficial exchange. Finally, the study highlights examples of engagement processes, and advice from those participating. The inclusion of these in the study is designed to provide valuable learning for other corporations, and not-for-profit organisations, contemplating entering into their own philanthropic partnerships.Through ten qualitative interviews this inquiry investigated the attitudes toward this relationship of various stakeholders including the management of not-for-profit organisations, representatives of relevant associations and social commentators. It became apparent that the previously well-publicised opposition to publicly listed companies supporting the not-for-profit sector, proffered by organisations such as the Australian Shareholders’ Association, had largely evaporated.Case studies involving five profit-making corporations, operating within Australia, were then undertaken and the views of their senior management sought as regards their motivations, aims, and outcomes. Overwhelmingly their experiences were positive for the corporation, the organisations they were funding, and the members of the community that the recipients were in turn supporting.Corporate benefits reported included increased ability to attract quality staff, enhanced ability to retain staff, significant development for staff that actively participated, improved corporate culture and the building of social capital leading to enhanced reputation which supported the corporations licence to operate, future objectives and long term sustainability.It is hoped that these insights along with the advice offered up by those individuals and organisations that participated in the study will benefit others and promote greater participation in corporate philanthropy and social investment within Australia. vii

Fachhochsch. für Technik und Wirtschaft, Diplomarbeit--Berlin, 2006.

Fachhochsch., Diplomarbeit u.d.T.: Herchen, Oliver M.: Corporate Social Responsibilty bei den DAX®-Unternehmen--Gießen-Friedberg, 2007, ethische Verantwortung als unternehmerische Aufgabe ; Grundlagen, Regeln, Umsetzung.

Zugl.: Hamburg, Helmut-Schmidt-Universiẗat, Diss., 2009.

Zugl.: Diss.

Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται το θέμα της Εταιρικής Κοινωνικής Ευθύνης, μιας έννοιας που συνδέεται όλο και περισσότερο με την εικόνα των επιχειρήσεων, τόσο σε τοπικό/περιφερειακό όσο και σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο. Στόχος της εργασίας είναι να προσφέρει στους αναγνώστες μια σφαιρική ενημέρωση, σχετικά με την έννοια και την εφαρμογή της ΕΚΕ, μέσα από την καταγραφή στοιχείων που προέκυψαν μετά από πρωτότυπη έρευνα, χρήση δευτερογενών πηγών πληροφόρησης και επεξεργασία αποτελεσμάτων πρόσφατων ακαδημαϊκών και άλλων ερευνών. Ειδικότερα, στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μια θεωρητική προσέγγιση της ΕΚΕ, όπου παρατίθενται οι διάφοροι ορισμοί που έχουν δοθεί από επίσημους φορείς και που συναντώνται στη διεθνή και εγχώρια βιβλιογραφία. Επίσης, αναφέρονται και ορίζονται οι συγγενείς με την ΕΚΕ έννοιες, καθώς και ο τρόπος με τον οποίο συνδέονται με αυτή. Στη συνέχεια, πραγματοποιείται μια παρουσίαση της ιστορικής πορείας της ΕΚΕ και της εξέλιξής της, από τα πρώτα στάδια εμφάνισής της έως τη σημερινή της μορφή. Πριν το τέλος του κεφαλαίου περιγράφονται οι βασικότεροι λόγοι που συνετέλεσαν στο να αναπτυχθεί η ΕΚΕ. Το δεύτερο κεφάλαιο ασχολείται με τις οπτικές, τα χαρακτηριστικά και τους τομείς δράσεις της ΕΚΕ, καθώς επίσης και με τις κατηγορίες στις οποίες κατατάσσονται οι πρωτοβουλίες - δράσεις ΕΚΕ, ανάλογα με τη περιεχόμενο και το σκοπό τους. Στο ίδιο κεφάλαιο αναλύεται η ΕΚΕ σε σχέση με τους διαφορετικούς τύπους των επιχειρήσεων και σε σχέση με τους διάφορους επιχειρηματικούς κλάδους. Το τρίτο κεφάλαιο, εμπεριέχει μια περίληψη των πιο έγκυρων αποτελεσμάτων επίσημων ερευνών, σχετικά με τα οφέλη που προσκομίζουν οι επιχειρήσεις, οι καταναλωτές, το περιβάλλον και η κοινωνία γενικότερα, από την εφαρμογή της ΕΚΕ. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο επιχειρείται μια κριτική προσέγγιση της ΕΚΕ, όπου εμπεριέχονται παραδείγματα λαθεμένης εφαρμογής ΕΚΕ από επιχειρήσεις, καθώς και απόψεις ειδικών επί του συγκεκριμένου θέματος. Το επόμενο κεφάλαιο ξεκινάει κάνοντας αναφορά στα επίπεδα που προσδιορίζουν τις επιδράσεις της ΕΚΕ και συνεχίζει με μια εκτενή παρουσίαση των τρόπων δημοσιοποίησης των υπεύθυνων δράσεων των οργανισμών, αναλύοντας ιδιαίτερα τον “Κοινωνικό Απολογισμό” και την “Πρωτοβουλία Παγκόσμιας Αναφοράς”. Επίσης, το δεύτερο μέρος του κεφαλαίου ασχολείται με την προτυποποίηση της ΕΚΕ, παραθέτοντας τα πιο γνωστά Πρότυπα και Δείκτες Αξιολόγησης των πρακτικών ΕΚΕ, που έχουν δομηθεί από επίσημους φορείς. Κλείνοντας, κρίνεται απαραίτητο να αναφερθούν και οι βασικότερες ελλείψεις που παρουσιάζουν οι μέθοδοι αξιολόγησης. Στο κεφάλαιο έξι αναλύεται η ισχύουσα κατάσταση του θεσμού της ΕΚΕ στην Ελλάδα. Αρχικά αναφέρονται οι κυριότεροι φορείς που ασχολούνται με το θεσμό στη χώρα μας, καθώς και οι δράσεις τους, ενώ στη συνέχεια αποτυπώνεται η πραγματικότητα της ΕΚΕ από τη σκοπιά των ελληνικών επιχειρήσεων – οργανισμών, καθώς και ο τρόπος με το οποίο την αντιλαμβάνονται οι Έλληνες πολίτες – καταναλωτές και η ελληνική κοινωνία γενικότερα. Όλα τα στοιχεία που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την αποτύπωση της ελληνικής κατάστασης στο θέμα της ΕΚΕ προέρχονται από πρόσφατες μελέτες αναγνωρισμένων φορέων. Εν συνεχεία, στο έβδομο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται η κοινωνική δράση της εταιρείας ΓΕΦΥΡΑ Α.Ε., καθώς αποτελεί μια υποδειγματική περίπτωση εταιρείας που εφαρμόζει στην χώρα μας δράσεις ΕΚΕ, οι ποίες χαρακτηρίζονται από αυθεντικότητα και διαφάνεια. Στο κεφάλαιο αυτό, μπορεί κανείς να ενημερωθεί για τις πρακτικές και τα προγράμματα ΕΚΕ, που η εταιρεία έως σήμερα έχει υλοποιήσει με επιτυχία, αλλά και για τις διακρίσεις και βραβεύσεις, με τις οποίες έχει τιμηθεί σε τοπικό και Ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο για το κοινωνικό της έργο. Η εργασία ολοκληρώνεται, με το όγδοο κεφάλαιο να συνοψίζει τα κυριότερα συμπεράσματα της παρούσης μελέτης και να περιέχει ορισμένες προτάσεις για την ακόμα πιο αποτελεσματική υιοθέτηση και διαχείριση του θεσμού της ΕΚΕ από τις επιχειρήσεις, προς μεγιστοποίηση του οφέλους για τις ίδιες, το περιβάλλον και την κοινωνία στην οποία δραστηριοποιούνται. / This thesis addresses the issue of Corporate Social Responsibility, a concept which is increasingly linked with the image of companies, both local / regional and global level. The aim of this study is to offer readers a comprehensive briefing on the concept and implementation of CSR, through the recording obtained after the original research, using secondary sources of information and processing results and other recent academic surveys. Specifically, the first chapter is a theoretical approach to CSR, which lists the various definitions given by official bodies and experienced in international and domestic literature. Also listed and identified by relatives CSR concepts and how they relate to it. Then made a presentation of the historical progress of CSR and its evolution from the early appearance until today. Before the end of the chapter describes the main reasons that contributed to the development of CSR. The second chapter deals with the visual characteristics and areas of CSR activities, as well as the categories are classified Initiatives - CSR actions depending on the content and purpose. In the same chapter analyzes CSR in relation to different types of businesses in connection with various business sectors. The third chapter contains a summary of more valid results of official surveys on the benefits the operators, consumers, environment and society in general, the implementation of CSR. The fourth chapter is a critical approach to CSR, which contained examples of erroneous application of CSR by businesses, and expert opinion on this matter. The next chapter begins by referring to the levels that determine the effects of CSR and continued with a complete overview of how disclosure of the responsible actions of the agencies, particularly analyzing the "Social Report" and "Global Reporting Initiative. Moreover, the second part of the chapter deals with the standardization of CSR, listing the most popular standards and indicators for evaluating CSR practices, which are structured by official bodies. Finally, it is necessary to mention the key gaps in assessment methods. Section six discusses the current state of CSR institution in Greece. In the beginning the main actors involved in the institution in our country, and their actions and then reflect the reality of CSR in terms of Greek businesses - organizations and how that is perceived by Greek citizens - consumers and the Greek society. All data used to capture the Greek state on the issue of CSR comes from recent studies of recognized institutions. Subsequently, the seventh chapter presents the company's social action BRIDGE SA, and is an exemplary case of a company applied to our country actions CSR, what are characterized by authenticity and transparency. In this chapter, you can update on practices and CSR programs, the company so far has met with success, but also discrimination and awards, which has won local and European level for social work. The work concludes with the eighth chapter summarizes the main findings of this study and contains some suggestions for more effective adoption and management of the institution of CSR by businesses, to maximize benefits for themselves, the environment and society in which they operate.

H Εταιρική Κοινωνική Ευθύνη (ΕΚΕ) είναι η οικειοθελής δέσμευση των επιχειρήσεων για ένταξη στις επιχειρηματικές τους πρακτικές δράσεων κοινωνικής, περιβαλλοντικής και οικονομικής διάστασης, χωρίς δέσμευση από τη νομοθεσία και έχουν σχέση με όλους όσους επηρεάζονται από τις δραστηριότητές τους. Ο κύριος σκοπός μιας εταιρείας είναι η μεγιστοποίηση των κερδών της, αλλά μέσα από τη διασφάλιση μιας βιώσιμης ανάπτυξης. Οι επιχειρήσεις διαπιστώνουν ότι η κοινωνική αποδοχή τους δεν συναρτάται μόνο με τις καλές οικονομικές επιδόσεις, την τήρηση των νόμων και κάποιο φιλανθρωπικό έργο ή χορηγίες. Η φιλοσοφία και οι δράσεις Εταιρικής Κοινωνικής Ευθύνης αποτελούν σήμερα την πιο ολοκληρωμένη επιχειρηματική στρατηγική που μπορεί να εγγυάται μακροπρόθεσμη οικονομική βιωσιμότητα σε μια εταιρεία και ταυτοχρόνως ευημερία για όλη την κοινωνία. Στην παρούσα εργασία, συλλέξαμε τις απαντήσεις στο ερωτηματολόγιο που κατασκευάσαμε από 16 φαρμακευτικές εταιρείες και έπειτα τις επεξεργαστήκαμε με το στατιστικό πρόγραμμα SPSS. Τα αποτελέσματα μας έδειξαν, ότι οι φαρμακευτικές εταιρείες που δραστηριοποιούνται στον ελλαδικό χώρο, εντάσσουν προγράμματα ΕΚΕ στις επιχειρηματικές τους πρακτικές δίνοντας μεγάλη έμφαση στον τομέα της υγείας και των ευαίσθητων κοινωνικών ομάδων. Οι περισσότερες από αυτές δήλωσαν ότι δεν έχουν μείωση στον προϋπολογισμό τους, όσον αφορά τα προγράμματα ΕΚΕ παρά την περίοδο οικονομικής κρίσεως που διανύουμε. / -

Corporations unceasing exploitation of our planet and its people have resulted in the implementation of several laws, regulations and standardisations. To please their stakeholders, corporations engage in Corporate Social Responsibility, nonetheless, few succeed in operating responsible. Social Intrapreneurship is a relatively new concept, aimed at creating long-lasting social and environmental impact, while aiding the company in its mission. Given that Corporate Social Responsibility has failed to bring sufficient social change, social intrapreneurs can be the new solution to many of the great social problems of today. The aim of this study was to examine what enables employees to engage in social intrapreneurial behaviours. Six semi-structured interviews were conducted with consultants located in Stockholm. 24 interview questions about the respondents’ corporate climate and culture, Corporate Social Responsibility work and possibilities for social innovation, were asked. The empirical findings showed that, to enable employees’ intrapreneurial behaviours, they required encouragement, clear communication, time and a network. These findings were in line with prior studies conducted in the field of intrapreneurship and social intrapreneurship.

This study investigates the corporate social responsibility (CSR) exercised by the multinational oil companies (MNOCs) operating in the Niger Delta, and its impact on sustainable development (SD) in this important region of Nigeria. Particular focus is given to sustainable improvement in well-being and enhancement of socio-economic development for the local communities. To investigate these, archival from newspapers, magazines documents on CSR in Niger Delta from NGOs, documents from oil company’s websites and interview data from forty participants from the local communities, stakeholders and senior managers from the MNOCs were obtained. The MNOCs’ CSR and SD policies and practices were also inspected from the company’s website and photographs of the local environment around the MNOCs extraction suites and plant were also collected. These data were then analysed using: photo voice, document analysis, constructivist grounded theory, website-based content analysis, and covert participant observation. The study identified discrepancies between the MNOCs declared online CSR and SD policies and practices and those in operation in the Niger Delta region. Our findings also show that local communities are marginalised. To address this, it is argued that Ruggie’s frameworks, Sen’s capability approach for a full life, and Bowen’s list of social goals should be used as guiding principles by the MNOCs in the Niger Delta region. The study offers theoretical, empirical and methodological contributions to the studies of business ethics, international management and international business by offering new insights into CSR and SD.

Dentro do contexto da Responsabilidade Social Corporativa, o Marketing de Causa vem sendo cada vez mais utilizada pelas empresas. Para as organizações sem fins lucrativos significa mais recursos para as causas sociais que apoiam, enquanto que para as empresas, para além do aspecto da responsabilidade social, maior reconhecimento e reputação da marca, lealdade dos consumidores, ampliação de mercado, incremento de vendas, atração de investimentos, atração e retenção de talentos são alguns dos objetivos que o Marketing de Causa pode ajudar a conquistar. Entretanto, a avaliação de tais resultados é controversa. Não obstante, acredita-se que as motivações em relação ao Marketing de Causa possam ser descritas sob a ótica do processo de legitimação organizacional. Este trabalho, através de um estudo exploratório realizado em empresa do mercado de seguros do Rio Grande do Sul, investigou os principais motivadores que orientam os gestores na implementação das ações sociais corporativas através do Marketing de Causa e sua relação com o processo de Legitimação Organizacional. Os resultados evidenciaram as motivações dos gestores com relação às contribuições do Marketing de Causa para os negócios, tais como a possibilidade de ganhar mercado, ampliar vendas, melhorara imagem e reputação da empresa. No aspecto social também restaram evidentes as motivações relacionadas aos benefícios do Marketing de Causa demonstradas através da preocupação das empresas de fazer o bem, e devolver à sociedade parte das riquezas geradas por suas empresas. Essas motivações alinham-se com a visão estratégica da Teoria da Legitimação Organizacional que entende a legitimidade como um recurso operacional que pode ser extraído pelas organizações do ambiente cultural em que operam, e utilizado pelos gestores na busca de seus objetivos. / Within the context of Corporate Social Responsibility, Cause-Related Marketing has been increasingly used by companies. For nonprofits it means more resources for the social causes they support, while for companies, beyond the social responsibility aspect, greater brand recognition and reputation, consumer loyalty, market expansion, sales increase, investment attraction, talent attraction and retention are some of the goals Cause-Related Marketing can help them achieve. However, the evaluation of such results is controversial. Nevertheless, it is believed that the motivations regarding Cause-Related Marketing can be described from the point of view of the Organizational Legitimacy process. This work, through an exploratory study carried out in Insurance Companies in Rio Grande do Sul, investigated the main motivators that guide managers in the implementation of corporate social actions through Cause-Related Marketing and its relationship with the Organizational Legitimacy process. The results show the motivations of managers regarding the contributions of Cause-Related Marketing to the business, such as the possibility of market expansion, increase sales, improve image and reputation of the company. In the social aspect, the motivations related to the benefits of Cause-Related Marketing for the society demonstrated by the concern of "doing good" and "giving back" part of the wealth generated by their companies also remained evident. These motivations are aligned with the Strategic view of Organizational Legitimacy Theory that understands legitimacy as an operational resource that can be extracted by organizations from the cultural environment in which they operate and used by managers in pursuit of their goals.