The main purpose of this thesis is to shed new light on Japanese grammar under the framework of the Givónian approach, with special attention to OSV word orders and by-passives: scrambling (O_ACCSV), topicalization (O_TOPSV), ni-passive (S NP_NI V), and niyotte-passive (S NP_Niyotte V). This approach measures the discourse status of a referent by utilizing anaphoric and cataphoric co-referencing relationships within the texts. However, it is conceivable that OSV word orders and by-passives are also influenced by multiple factors other than information structure. Specifically, previous studies point out the possibility that heaviness and animacy are relevant to this issue. Therefore, the present study performs the corpus analysis, taking three factors into consideration: heaviness, animacy, and information structure. First, OSV word orders have proven to be influenced by information structure and heaviness. In terms of information structure, scrambling correlates 'topic shift' from the referent of the scrambled object to that of the subject. In contrast, topicalization interrelates with 'continuing topic' realized as the referent of the subject. In terms of heaviness, the direct object tends to be longer than the subject in OSV word orders. Yet, animacy has no influence on the choice of word orders. Second, by-passives are affected by information structure and animacy. In terms of information structure, the ni- and niyotte-passives are selected in order to maintain the topic continuity by promoting the topical logical object to the grammatical subject. However, the ni-passive is relevant to global topic whereas the niyotte-passive is related to local topic. In terms of animacy, the ni-passive prefers animate subjects while the niyotte-passive tends to select inanimate subjects. Yet, heaviness is unrelated to the use of by-passives in Japanese. In conclusion, the thesis provides a functional analysis of OSV orders and by-passives from a descriptive and empirical point of view by using a written Japanese corpus. The new data reported contribute to elucidating the argument encoding system of Japanese.

The diploma thesis deals with anglicisms in the contemporary German. The theoretical part concerns the linguistic aspects of the anglicisms in the phonetic, grammatical and lexicological field. The empirical part contains the corpus of anglicisms, which is created by the means of excerption of the internet magazine for young people YAEZ. It is followed by the corpus analysis of the chosen anglicisms. These results are incorporated into the didactic material at the end of the thesis. The aim of the thesis is to carry out the corpus-based analysis of the anglicisms and to discover the possible use of the anglicisms in the teaching German as a foreign language. The author applies the methods of corpus linguistic corpus DeReKo und its program COSMAS II in order to verify the lexical and grammatical features of the chosen words.

Critical discourse analysis investigates the ways in which discourse is to abuse power relationships. Political debates constitute discourses that mirror certain aspects of ideologies. This study aimed to uncover the ideological intentions in the formulation and circulation of hegemonic political ideology in TV political debates that occurred in the 2011-2012 Yemen revolution, examining the question of how ideology was used as a tool of hegemony. The corpus of the study consisted of fifteen debates (73915 words) from four live debate programmes (The Opposite Direction, In Depth, Behind the News and the Revolution Talk) staged at Al Jazeera Arabic TV channel between 2011 and 2012. Al Jazeera was selected as the focus of this study because of its position as the most popular TV in the Arab world and due to its strong presence during the Arab revolutions. Two debate sides were identified: government, representing the president Ali Abdullah Saleh and his regime, and protesters, who represented the discontent populace gathering squares who demanded the abdication of the president. Data were also obtained from interviews conducted with the Al Jazeera staff who managed the debates. Analysis was conducted on the verbal discourse aspects of four debates, one debate from each programme, using critical discourse analysis: aspects from the van Leeuwen's (2008, 2009) Social Actor Network model, supplemented by additional linguistic features. The results were triangulated using computer-assisted corpus analysis for the entire corpus, the fifteen debates. AntConc (version 3.2.4w) was used to process the keyword lists, word concordances and collocations. The results of the analysis were then compared with the interviews with AJ staff. The main research finding was that although results of the critical discourse analysis correlated with those of the computer-assisted corpus analysis, they differed to a marked degree from the perceptions of Al Jazeera staff. Also, evident is that Al Jazeera and the protesters had similar ideological intentions, including glorifying the revolution and inciting protests, which was not the case with the government speakers. Overall, the findings show that Al Jazeera displayed evident bias, excluding the government from its debates in a way that runs counter to its mission statement and the tenets of objective journalism. The findings of this study illustrate the powerful role that language plays in shaping ideological media intentions and influencing the media audience.

(in English): The aim of this thesis is to describe the functioning of French compound infinitive in comparison with its simple form. Using language corpora, we will cover several textual types - journalism (corpus L'Est Républicain and a part of InterCorp corpus), fiction (corpus InterCorp), but we will also utilize typologically various texts from the Internet (corpus frWac) and a corpus of film subtitles. The theoretical part will describe the infinitives forms in terms of terminology, morphology, and syntax. The empirical part will be dedicated to mapping out the contexts in which the compound infinitive occurs and also to analyzing different factors that affect its aspectual and temporal interpretation. In conclusion, there is a summary as well as possible issues for further research dealing with this topic.

This thesis deals with area of set phrasemes processing in dictionary, specifically processing of somatisms. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. The aim of theoretical part is phraseology in general, phrasemes (occasionally phraseologisms) and their application in Czech and German linguistics. Field of phrasemes like somatisms in order to language unit character is taken into account in the first section as well as dependence of phrasemes like their meaning explanation on the context in which they appear. Furthermore, there are listed and described main phrasemes characteristics which distinguish them from other language phenomenons. Conclusion of theoretical part analyzes area of corpus linguistics and its application based on corpus and co-occurrence analysis. Built on first part of thesis, practical part deals with processing of somatisms in bilingual dictionary particularly in lexicography point of view whereas proposal of specific solutions are given. As the attachment there are processed results of search into database input which may be considered as a part of bilingual dictionary. Keywords: phrasem, bilingual dictionary, corpus lexicography, corpus analysis, somatism

This diploma thesis analyses issues of translation of phrasal compounds from English to Czech language (in fiction). All examples observed have been chosen from the database of fiction texts that is incorporated in the project InterCorp (v. 7). In particular, the thesis deals with phrasal compounds in premodifying position. The corpus analysis of Czech translation shows that phrasal compounds can be categorized in various groups, and there can also be various approaches to translation. These two sets of categories do not always necessarily overlap. The diploma thesis is based on the categorization of the translations; in each category, several examples are selected and commented upon in more detail. In Conclusion, the findings of these subchapters are summed up and the level of translation work is evaluated in general terms. In the final section, few thoughts about general recommendations for translators are formulated as well - can there be any general recommendation? Or is there a "best approach" for each individual case as it was noticeable throughout the paper? Key words: phrasal compounds, translation, corpus analysis, premodifiers

This project examines user-generated health narratives through corpus analysis of 246 reviews posted on Midwestern Hospital’s Yelp page. Understanding how different stakeholders act and interact within online health communities models a shift in new conceptions of health, and provides evidence of health ecologies’ ability to determine patient perceptions of care. Documents produced by users in these health communities represent health narratives comprised of a user’s health experience, that user’s treatment perceptions, and the community’s perceptions of the user’s experience. Author uses corpus methods to interpret user trace data and rhetorical moves embedded in health narratives. Findings suggest that users who interact with the Yelp community produce different health narratives than less engaged users. Understanding how different stakeholders act and interact within online health communities models a shift in new conceptions of health, and provides evidence of health ecologies’ ability to determine patient perceptions of care.

Online collaborative translation has received increased attention from Translation Studies, mostly with a focus on explaining the various models it exhibits and the factors that shape these models. This study takes a new perspective on this phenomenon by focusing on its outcome through the lens of terminology. A terminometric analysis is carried out on the terminology used in the discussions of Francophone users on online forums of the Ubuntu-Québec open-source software community. The implantation of terms used in the forums and those stored in a selection of major term banks is examined with the objective of identifying potential correlations between term implantation and term formation patterns. The examination indicates that most terms formed through the use and modification of existing linguistic resources have higher implantation rates than terms formed through the creation of new lexical items. A new avenue of terminometric research is introduced by shifting the focus from the institution to the community, aligning with the global shift in content production and distribution. The study provides insight into online collaboration in the context of localization and points out correlations between term formation patterns and term implantation. These observations can mark a starting point for terminological decision-making that is informed by user behaviour and may thus improve the reception of localized content by adapting to users' terminological expectations.

In early 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan put China in the spotlight of international news. China’s development in the field of politics, society, and economics still occupies media attention in the context of the global public health crisis. Previous studies have shown that China’s image in the western media, including the Canadian media, adopted a generally negative tone. The objective of this thesis is to investigate China’s image in one of the mainstream Canadian media platforms, the Globe and Mail, during the whole epidemic year of 2020. This research is based upon news reports published in 2020 by the Globe and Mail and is conducted with the support of corpus linguistic methodology and with the guideline of Critical Discourse Analysis, especially van Dijk’s ideology square. In order to discern and identify the image of China as portrayed by the Globe and Mail, the underlying discourse strategies are analyzed. Findings show that “China”, “Chinese government”, and “Chinese citizens” are the main subjects that make up the broad concept of China’s image. And in China’s related news report in the Globe and Mail from 31 December 2019 to 31 December 2020, (1) rhetoric devices, including number game, news source selection, illustration, irony, implication, presumption, vagueness, comparison, and history as lesson, are employed to polarize the image of the Chinese government and the Canadian government. (2) China’s image in the Globe and Mail is generally negative, which can be described via four aspects: China as a threat, callous, dishonest/untrustworthy, and powerful (3) the China-related news as constructed by the Globe and Mail reflects its own particular national ideologies and interests.

This master thesis deals with the synthetic absolute superlative in contemporary Portuguese and its Czech counterparts. The aim was to describe the phenomenon in detail, explain the usage of doublet forms and discover the most frequent Czech counterparts of the absolute superlative in Portuguese language. The research was based on a corpora analysis of a Portuguese corpus named Corpus do Português and on a contrastive analysis of the parallel corpus Intercorp. The results show that in the case of the usage of the doublets, the borders between spoken and formal language might fade away, one of the doublets (formal vs. informal) often dominates and the usage is also influenced, apart from the level of formality, by other factors, for example by the variety of Portuguese. The most frequent Czech counterpart of the absolute superlative is a positive adjective usually bearing a higher value of expressiveness than the Portuguese adjective. The Czech language expresses the value of the absolute superlative primarily through its lexicon. Other counterparts are various expressions using adverbs, prefixes, diminutive or augmentative suffixes etc. In conclusion, a reverse control was made, and we identified the most frequent equivalents of several chosen Czech counterparts.