Cette thèse s’articule autour du développement d'outils d’analyse des modes B du fond diffus cosmologique (CMB) dans le but d'estimer l’amplitude des ondes gravitationnelles primordiales produites durant la période inflationnaire.Nous nous intéressons plus précisément aux grandes échelles angulaires, pour lesquelles le signal attendu des modes B primordiaux est dominant. Ces échelles étant particulièrement contaminées par des émissions polarisées galactiques, nous avons étudié et développé des méthodes permettant de réduire ces contaminations et de caractériser les résidus. Ces outils peuvent être utilisés pour analyser les données des satellites tels que Planck ou LiteBIRD. Afin de quantifier l’amplitude des modes B, nous avons développé et caractérisé un estimateur de spectre en puissance des anisotropies du CMB. Celui-ci s’exécute dans l'espace des pixels et permet de croiser des cartes mesurées par différent détecteurs. La méthode est optimale, et minimise les fuites de variance des modes E vers les modes B.Nous avons appliqué les méthodes de nettoyage et d’estimation de spectre aux cartes de données et de simulations en polarisation fournies publiquement par Planck. Nos contraintes sur la comportement spectral de la poussière et du rayonnement synchrotron galactique sont en accord avec les analyses précédentes. Enfin, nous avons pu déduire une limite supérieure sur l’amplitude des ondes gravitationnelles primordiales. / This thesis focuses on the development of analysis tools of the primordial B modes of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). Our goal is to extract the amplitude of the primordial gravitational waves produced during the inflationary period.Specifically, we are interested in the large angular scales, for which the primary B modes signal is expected to be dominant. Since these scales are particularly contaminated by polarised galactic emissions, we have studied and developed approaches to reduce those contaminations and to characterise their residuals. Those methods are applicable to satellite missions such as Planck or LiteBIRD.In order to estimate the B modes amplitude, we developed and characterised a CMB anisotropies power spectrum estimator. The algorithm is pixels-based and allows to cross-correlate maps measured by different detectors. The method is optimal and minimises the E-to-B variance leakage.We applied the cleaning and spectrum estimation approaches to the polarisation data and simulation maps publicly provided by Planck. The constraints that we deduce are in agreement with past analysis. Ultimately, we derive an upper limit on the primordial gravitational waves amplitude.

Le fond diffus cosmologique (CMB) est la première lumière libérée par l’Univers.À ce titre, elle constitue la photographie la plus ancienne à laquelle nous ayons accès.Ces photons recèlent des trésors d’informations capables de nous renseigner tant sur le contenu énergétique de l’Univers que sur son histoire. En retraçant son évolution jusqu’aujourd’hui, on est capable d’établir des scénarios quant à la période qui a précédé l’émission du CMB, inaccessible aux observations. Plus particulièrement,la plupart des modèles s’accordent à dire que l’Univers aurait connu juste après le Big Bang une période d’expansion exponentielle qualifiée d’inflation. L’un des défis majeurs de la cosmologie consiste à confirmer et contraindre ces modèles en cherchant sur le CMB les empreintes théoriques laissées par l’inflation : un motif de polarisation qualifié de mode B. Cependant, ce signal est attendu à un niveau très faible, sa détection requiert donc la mise en place d’instruments extrêmement sensibles. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans l’effort technologique mené au sein du projet QUBIC pour cette quête. Dans cette optique on s’est intéressé aux détecteurs, des matrices de plusieurs centaines de bolomètres supraconducteurs. Dans un premier temps, on a défini une méthode permettant de dimensionner les détecteurs et la matrice pour répondre au mieux à nos attentes à travers l’ajustement de paramètres pertinents. Puis on a mené pour la première fois dans la collaboration toute la réalisation d’une matrice de 256détecteurs sur laquelle on a par la suite effectué et exposé des tests préliminaires prometteurs pour la future implémentation du plan focal de QUBIC. / The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the very first light of the Uni- verse and thus constitutes the oldest picture of its initial state. These photons carry valuable information constraining both the energy content and the history of the Universe. CMB observations allow us to reconstruct what occurred before the CMB anisotropies were imprinted. The most promising theoretical models all postulate an epoch of exponential expansion known as inflation just after the Big Bang. One of the major challenges of observational cosmology is hence to confirm or falsify inflation as well as to discover how inflation was realized in a particular model by searching for its imprint on the CMB polarization B-mode. This signal is however expected to be extremely weak and its detection requires a very sensitive experiment. This thesis reports on contributions to the technology development for the innovative QUBIC instrument, focusing on the perfection of an array of several hundreds of supercon- ducting bolometric detectors. A method was defined to design the detector array through tuning the relevant parameters to best meet our requirements. Then a 256- detector prototype array was fully manufactured and characterized. The preliminary characterization gave promising results for the forthcoming implementation of the QUBIC focal plane.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第19497号 / 理博第4157号 / 新制||理||1597(附属図書館) / 32533 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 鶴 剛, 教授 谷森 達, 准教授 成木 恵 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20176号 / 理博第4261号 / 新制||理||1612(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 田中 貴浩, 教授 川合 光, 教授 向山 信治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Sammanfattning Inledning:       När journalsystemet Cosmic infördes i Region Jönköpings län (RJL) 2007 tillsattes superanvändare och så småningom även kontaktpersoner. Rollernas uppdrag var givna och arbetet rullade på. Nästan tjugo år senare är uppdragsbeskrivningarna samma trots att arbetet under årens lopp har förändrats. Sektion e-hälsa som är ansvarig för arbetet i Cosmic upplever en känsla av att arbetet inte fungerar optimalt och initierade ett förbättringsarbete. Men ett förbättringsarbete kan inte byggas på en känsla. Syfte:               Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga superanvändarnas och kontaktpersoners upplevelse av uppdraget, vilka förväntningar som finns på uppdragen och hur kontakten med Sektion e-hälsa fungerar. Metod:         För att besvara syftets frågeställningar har en kvantitativ enkätundersökning med kvalitativa inslag använts. Genom intervjuer och fokusgrupper har fördjupande frågor kunnat ställas och deltagandet i Sektion e-hälsas möten och informationsträffar har gett en helhetssyn över förvaltningsorganisationen. Slutsats:         Uppdragen som superanvändare och kontaktperson behövs för att säkerställa ett enhetligt arbetssätt inom RJL:s olika verksamhetsområden. Idag finns ingen etablerad struktur kring uppdragen vilket gör att rollernas ansvarsområden flyter ihop. Många upplever sina uppdrag som meningsfulla men känner samtidigt en stress över att inte hinna med dem. En allmän önskan är att förbättra kommunikationen till och samarbetet med Sektion e-hälsa. Den kompetens som finns ute i verksamheterna behöver bli sedd och tas med i förbättringsarbeten för Cosmic. / Abstract Introduction: When the journal system Cosmic was introduced in Region Jönköpings län (RJL) in 2007, super users and eventually also contact persons were appointed. The assignments of the roles were given, and the work continued. Almost twenty years later, the mission statements are the same even though the work has changed over the years. Sektion e-hälsa, which is responsible for the work in Cosmic, experiences a sense that the work is not working optimally and initiated an improvement work. But improvement work cannot be built on a feeling. Purpose:         The purpose of this study is to map the superusers and contact persons experience of the assignment, what expectations there are on the assignments and how the contact with Sektion e-hälsa works. Method:       To answer the questions of the purpose, a quantitative survey with qualitative elements has been used. Through interviews and focus groups, in-depth questions have been asked and participation in Sektion e-hälsas meetings and information meetings has provided a holistic view of the administrative organization. Conclusion:   The assignments as superuser and contact person are needed to ensure a uniform way of working within RJL's various areas. Today, there is no established structure around the assignments, which means that the roles' responsibilities flow together. Many people experience their assignments as meaningful but at the same time feel a stress about not having time for them. A general desire is to improve communication to and cooperation with Sektion e-hälsa. The expertise that exists in the operations needs to be seen and included in improvement work for Cosmic. / <p>Examen i vårdadministration, YH-utbildning: 20 YH-poäng</p>

The aim of this thesis is to examine how the central pillars of Salafi-Jihadism are discussed in ISIS’s own magazines and how the pillars are related to Juergensmeyer’s concepts of cosmic war, satanization, and theater of terror. The material in this thesis has been sourced from the magazines Dabiq and Rumiyah, which were published by ISIS in the period 2014-2017. The magazines are initially aimed at an English-speaking audience, and it is intended for ISIS’ followers, but also for their enemies. A thematic analysis approach with a deductive orientation was employed and preconceived themes from what Shiraz Maher describes as the five pillars of Salafi-Jihadism, tawḥīd, jihad, takfīr, al-walā’ wa-l-barā’, and ḥākimiyya were used. The analysis shows that the magazines place a strong emphasize on the Salafi-jihadist pillars, and ISIS can therefore be placed within the Salafi-Jihadi tradition.

We introduce an elastic constitutive model of gravity that enables the interpretation of cosmological observations in terms of established ideas from Solid Mechanics and multiscale modeling. The behavior of physical space is identified with that of a material-like medium called "cosmic fabric," which exhibits constitutive behavior. This cosmic fabric is a solid hyperplate that is broad in the three ordinary spatial dimensions and thin in a fourth hyperspatial dimension. Matter in space is treated as fabric inclusions that prescribe in-plane (three-dimensional) strain causing the transverse bending of the fabric into the fourth hyperspatial dimension. The linearized Einstein-Hilbert action, which governs the dynamics of physical space, is derived from postulating Hooke’s Law for the fabric, and the Schwarzschild metric is recovered from investigating matterabric interactions. At the continuum length scale, the Principle of Relativity is shown to apply for both moving and stationary observers alike, so that the fabric’s rest reference frame remains observationally indistinguishable at such a length scale. Within the Cosmic Fabric paradigm, the structural properties of space at different hierarchical length scales can be investigated using theoretical notions and computational tools from solid mechanics to address outstanding problems in cosmology and fundamental physics. For example, we propose and offer theoretical support for the "Inherent Structure Hypothesis", which states that the gravitational anomalies currently attributed to dark matter may in fact be manifestations of the inherent (undeformed) curvature of space. In addition, we develop a numerical framework wherein one can perform numerical "experiments" to investigate the implications of said hypothesis.

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Multi-messenger astronomy is a very hot topic in the astrophysical community. A messenger is something that carries information. Different astrophysical messenger types are photons, cosmic rays, neutrinos, and gravitational waves. They all carry unique and complementary information to one another. The idea with multi-messenger astronomy is that the more different types of messengers one can obtain from the same event, the more complete the physical picture becomes. In this thesis I study the multi-messenger emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the most luminous events known in the Universe. Specifically, I study the connection of GRBs to extremely energetic particles called ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). UHECRs have unknown origin despite extensive research. GRBs have long been one of the best candidates for the acceleration of these particles but a firm connection is yet to be made. In Paper I and Paper II, we study the possible GRB-UHECR connection by looking at the electromagnetic radiation from electrons that would also be accelerated together with the UHECR. My conclusion is that the signal from these electrons does not match current GRB observation, disfavoring that a majority of UHECRs comes from GRBs. / ”Multi-messenger astronomy” (mångbudbärarastronomi, fri översättning) är ett väldigt aktuellt område inom astrofysiken just nu. En meddelare är någonting som bär på information. Olika meddelartyper inom astrofysiken är fotoner, kosmisk strålning, neutriner och gravitations vågor. Dessa har alla unik och olika typ av information som kompletterar varandra. Idén bakom multi-meddelare-astronomi är att ju fler olika meddelartyper vi kan upptäcka från samma event, desto mer komplett blir vår fysikaliska tolkning. I denna avhandling studerar jag multi-meddelare emission från gammablixtar (GRBs), de mest ljusstarka företeelser vi känner till i Universum. Mer specifikt, så studerar jag kopplingen mellan GRBs och ultraenergetisk kosmisk strålning (UHECRs). Ursprunget till UHECRs är fortfarande okänt trots långt pågående forskning. GRBs har länge varit en av de mest lovande accelerationskandidaterna men än så länge finns inga fasta bevis. I Paper I och Paper II studerar vi den möjliga GRB-UHECR kopplingen genom att studera den elektromagnetiska strålningen från elektronerna som även de skulle bli accelererade tillsammans med UHECRs. Min slutsats är att strålningen från elektronerna inte matchar observationer från GRBs, vilket talar emot att en majoritet av UHECRs kommer från GRBs.