Ce travail prend pour point de départ Leçons sur les hypothèses cosmogoniques de Henri Poincaré, ouvrage qui est issu de son cours à la Sorbonne et l'une de ses dernières publications. L'objectif du travail est de restituer la pensée cosmologique du mathématicien et de l'inscrire dans l'histoire de la cosmologie, proposant une introduction aux Leçons et une grille de lectures historiques et philosophiques de cet ouvrage autour de deux axes : la cosmologie classique et la philosophie poincaréenne. La première partie est consacrée à la science classique qui oscille entre la possibilité d'une cosmogonie mécaniste et l'impossibilité d'une cosmologie en tant que science. L'ambivalence s'observe chez les auteurs des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles notamment Kant et Laplace avec leur hypothèse cosmogonique, jusqu'au XIXe siècle qui reste récitent à s'étendre au-delà du système solaire et développer une cosmologie proprement dite. La seconde partie de la thèse vise une lecture systématique de l'œuvre de Poincaré à partir des trois ouvrages philosophiques composés et édités par lui-même comme La science et l'hypothèse. La lecture procède en trois temps, autour de trois problèmes : 1° la stabilité et le mécanisme, mis en question par la thermodynamique et le probabilisme (avant 1900) ; 2° la loi et le principe en mécanique et en physique, notamment le principe de relativité et le second principe de la thermodynamique, mis en question par le développement de la physique (1900-1905) ; 3° l'espace, mis en lumière par la nouvelle mécanique et la théorie cinétique (après 1905). Chaque problème est ouvert ou dirigé vers la problématique cosmologique, sans pour autant qu'elle soit poursuivie dans le concret ni dépasser le niveau conceptuel. Ainsi Poincaré est amené aux hypothèses cosmogoniques, pour finir par une philosophie plutôt qu'une cosmologie. / This study takes as a primary source Lectures on Cosmogonic Hypotheses of Henri Poincaré, which was originally his course at the Sorbonne and one of his last publications. With the main objective to understand the cosmological thinking of Poincaré and its place in the history of cosmology, I propose an introduction to Lectures and its historical and philosophical reading around two axes: classical cosmology and Poincaré's philosophy. The first part is devoted to Classical Science to show how it seeks both the possibility of a mechanistic cosmogony and the impossibility of a cosmology as a science. This ambivalence can be seen in authors of the 17th and 18th centuries, especially Kant and Laplace with their cosmogonic hypothesis, as well as in the 19th century, when cosmological thinking remained speculative and restricted to the solar system, despite the advance of astronomy and physics, both in theory and observation. The second part suggests a systematic reading of Poincaré's philosophy from three philosophical books composed and edited by himself such as Science and Hypothesis. The reading proceeds in three steps, divided by a chronological order which is also thematic and problematic: (1) stability and mechanism, questioned by thermodynamics and probability theory (before 1900); (2) law and principle of mechanics and physics, especially the principle of relativity and the second principle of thermodynamics (1900-1905); 3 ° space, in the light of the new mechanics and the kinetic theory of gases (after 1905). Each problem shows its own cosmological moment that remains at the conceptual rather than the concrete level. Thus Poincaré is led to cosmogonic hypotheses, ending with a philosophy rather than a cosmology.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a função e importância do mito na obra de Howard Phillips Lovecraft, escritor norte-americano considerado um dos mais importantes artífices da literatura fantástica moderna, notadamente por seu mais importante e influente grupo de narrativas, um grupo de doze histórias conectadas entre si conhecido como \"ciclo de Cthulhu\", justamente o centro de nossa pesquisa, que pretende demonstrar como o uso de um mito cosmogônico (aquele que narra a origem e a ordenação do cosmos), como base desse conjunto de narrativas, é um elemento fundamental do mesmo, o qual é uma crítica radical, ainda que niilista e reacionária, ao mundo administrado pela racionalidade técnica. Nossa intenção final é revelar o sentido da obras máxima de Lovecraft, seu valor como uma intensa e dialética crítica ao mundo industrial e urbano moderno. / The aim of this research is to investigate the function and the importance of the myth in the work of Howard Phillips Lovecraft, known as one of the most important writers of modern fantastic literature, mainly for his most important and influential group of narratives, a set of a dozen interconnected stories known as \"The Cthulhu Cycle\". This cycle is the subject of our work, which intends to demonstrate how the application of a cosmogonic myth (one that narrates the origin and ordering of the cosmos) as the basis to this set of narratives is an essential element for a radical critique, albeit nihilist and reactionary, to a world ruled by technical rationality. Our final purpose is to reveal the meaning of Lovecraft´s masterwork and its value as an intense and dialectical critique to the urban and industrial modern world.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar a função e importância do mito na obra de Howard Phillips Lovecraft, escritor norte-americano considerado um dos mais importantes artífices da literatura fantástica moderna, notadamente por seu mais importante e influente grupo de narrativas, um grupo de doze histórias conectadas entre si conhecido como \"ciclo de Cthulhu\", justamente o centro de nossa pesquisa, que pretende demonstrar como o uso de um mito cosmogônico (aquele que narra a origem e a ordenação do cosmos), como base desse conjunto de narrativas, é um elemento fundamental do mesmo, o qual é uma crítica radical, ainda que niilista e reacionária, ao mundo administrado pela racionalidade técnica. Nossa intenção final é revelar o sentido da obras máxima de Lovecraft, seu valor como uma intensa e dialética crítica ao mundo industrial e urbano moderno. / The aim of this research is to investigate the function and the importance of the myth in the work of Howard Phillips Lovecraft, known as one of the most important writers of modern fantastic literature, mainly for his most important and influential group of narratives, a set of a dozen interconnected stories known as \"The Cthulhu Cycle\". This cycle is the subject of our work, which intends to demonstrate how the application of a cosmogonic myth (one that narrates the origin and ordering of the cosmos) as the basis to this set of narratives is an essential element for a radical critique, albeit nihilist and reactionary, to a world ruled by technical rationality. Our final purpose is to reveal the meaning of Lovecraft´s masterwork and its value as an intense and dialectical critique to the urban and industrial modern world.

The aim of this thesis is to compare similar cosmogonic narratives in Indian and Chinese culture. The most important elements are the motives of the egg and the giant/god who is formed from it. Comparative method consist of the comparison of the meanings and interpretations of the motives of these two elements, depending on the expectations and character of the source of this mythological narrative. Final findings are, that the importance of both motives in the texts and their participation in the process of creation of the world change chronologically, due to changes in religious, philosophical and social preferences. In Indian cultural environment in the begining, the vague motive of the egg slowly emerges and becomes a single creative element, gaining importance and continues to the stage where it reaches the same level of importance as the cosmic being. The primordial being on the other hand, loses its function of cosmic matter and passes it to the egg. The being itself then plays an active role rather than an object. China, for its religious scepticism suppressed motive of the egg until it was completely removed from texts. The primary role is played by the cosmic giant whose role is not focused on the creation of the world itself but the desintegration of the giants body, representing fission...