Orientador: Douglas Tacla / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T11:18:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Quagliato_GiulianoBatagin_M.pdf: 1392096 bytes, checksum: 2348fe37c161006a95ff3803b0ad4412 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Atualmente, há uma grande quantidade de pesquisas realizadas para determinar o perfil de redes de distribuição em função de conceitos existentes na literatura. Há vários estudos disponíveis que apresentam modelos com base em variáveis que ao serem combinadas entre si proporcionam determinações teóricas de redes de distribuição, tais quais, volumes, distâncias, entre outros. Em contra partida, existem no mercado empresas do setor logístico que operam através de redes de distribuição construídas com embasamento prático para atender uma demanda de clientes de qualquer parte do país ou do mundo. Sendo assim, esta dissertação de mestrado visa realizar um estudo sobre redes de distribuição comparativamente aos modelos propostos na literatura disponível e confrontar com a realidade de redes de distribuição do Brasil através de um estudo de caso. Para isso, a proposta é utilizar dados provenientes de um operador logístico para que, quando aplicados, seja possível comparar métodos propostos na literatura de redes de distribuição com resultados práticos. Feitas as comparações relevantes, cria-se um procedimento e calculam-se os custos de transportes e de armazenagem através de uma ferramenta de análise e identificam-se potenciais ganhos monetários. Por fim, a conclusão se dá com exposição dos resultados obtidos através da aplicação dos procedimentos criados e comparando as fontes sobre redes de distribuição validadas através da aplicação de dados reais. / Abstract: At the present, there is a big quantity of researches to determine the profile of the supply chain in function of existent concepts in the literature. There are several available studies that present models based on variables that while being combined between each other provide theoretical determinations of supply chain, just like, volumes, distances, between others. On the other hand, there are in the market companies of the logistics sector which operate through supply chain built with practical foundation to attend a clients' demand of any part of the country or of the world. Being so, this dissertation of master's degree aims to carry out a study on supply chain comparatively to the models proposed in the available literature and to confront with the reality of supply chain of Brazil through a case study. For that, the proposal is to use data originating from a Third Party Logistics Provider to, when applied, be possible to compare methods proposed in the literature on supply chain with practical results. When the relevant comparisons were done, a proceeding is created and the transportation and storage costs are calculated through a tool of analysis and the potential monetary profits are identified. Finally, the conclusion will be with the exhibition of the results obtained through the application of the procedures previously built and comparing with the sources on supply chain and taking the application of real case as a validation. / Mestrado / Transportes / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

The quality of health and hospital care is usually measured by one of three basic approaches. Structure measures assess the inputs used or available for use in the treatment of patients. Assessments of process look at "how" patients were treated. Outcomes measures are concerned with the end-results of care. Outcomes have considerable intuitive appeal to consumers and it is assumed in this thesis that quality is defined in terms of outcomes; providers (e.g. physicians) however may have preferences for hospital structure for its own sake. Structure and process measures are generally regarded as proxies for outcomes measures. They are used because they are easier to measure than outcomes, but the relations between the proxies and outcomes have not been completely tested. This thesis is concerned with the empirical verification of the relationship between two types of measures, structure and outcomes of hospital care at the aggregate level, and a possible link between provider preferences for structure and observed "excess" structure. The outcomes measures are based on adjusted hospital death rates. The adjustment factors draw on detailed diagnostic and demographic information available in the British Columbia hospital reporting system. Several possible adjustment factors (proxies for severity) are considered. The structure measures include measures of inputs per case, and measures of the facilities and services offered by a hospital. The discussion centres on three hypotheses. The first two concern the empirical relation between structure and outcomes. The first hypothesis that the two types of assessment are equivalent was tested using correlation analysis of alternative outcomes measures and structure measures. The results indicate that structure cannot be substituted for outcomes measures in the evaluation of quality. The second hypothesis is that there is ineffective or "excess" structure. This is demonstrated if the impact of incremental structure on outcomes is not positive. The results generally support the existence of excess structure. Extensive regression analysis and exploration of possible weakness did not result in the modification of the basic conclusion. The third hypothesis is that such "excess" structure arises and persists because providers value structure for its own sake, and are able to impose their preferences on hospitals. The discussion is essentially theoretical and considerable evidence supporting the hypothesis is provided, although no formal proof is offered. Physicians value structure because it enables them to increase their income and/or leisure, and also to satisfy their professional desires with respect to their working environment. Arguments are presented to support the claim that physicians get some of the structure they want because of imperfections in real-world agency relations and the institutional features of the health care system. Given the basic premise of the thesis (that consumers would define quality in terms of outcomes), the results of both the empirical and theoretical investigations have implications for policy. Policy changes suggested in the discussion that concludes the thesis are concerned with resource allocation within the hospital system, quality measurement, monitoring of policy changes, and incentives and programs to modify provider preferences. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

A fixed charge model has been developed for a case study of a total energy power plant involving energy demands for chilled water, high temperature hot water, and electrical power. Using a FORTRAN computer program, which employs the Land and Doig branch and bound algorithm, the system model is solved for different sets of system demands for multiple energy users, and the following set of information is obtained to guide the decisions of operations personnel: 1. Recommend on/off status for each piece of equipment in the system. 2. Recommended rate of operation for each piece of machinery. 3. Required amounts of different types of fuel to satisfy system demands. 4. A preferred path of flow through the system for each type of energy purchased or produced within the system.

A linear programming model has been developed for a Central Energy Plant which minimizes operational costs for a system involving the generation of chilled water and high temperature hot water plus the generation and/or purchase of electric power with equipment using natural gas or fuel oil energy. The fundamental concepts developed herein are sufficient for the analysis of any combination of energy supplies, demands, and energy conversion equipment. Utilization of this model is demonstrated with a case study and computer program results for high and low temperature environments. The linear programming model approach establishes a well-defined framework for the analysis of complex utility systems and provides valuable results for the economical operation of a Central Energy Plant.

Twenty-four independent logging businesses in the Southeastern United States were analyzed in a general systems approach to document the components of logging costs for mechanized operations, assess the sensitivity of these components to external stimuli, and to identify and describe the business management techniques adopted by contractors to insure survival and profitability. The contractors' cost records for 1988 and 1989 were analyzed to meet the study's first two objectives and interviews with each participant facilitated identification of survival and profitability strategies. The general interviews and on-site observations of the harvesting systems provided background information for evaluating the costs and identifying business management techniques. The contractors' records were summarized into six cost components: 1) consumable supplies, 2) labor, 3) equipment,4) insurance. 5) contract hauling, and 6) administrative overhead. Contractors were stratified by trucking strategy, ranging from those who hauled all of their own wood to contractors relying exclusively on contract truckers. Consumable supplies, labor, and equipment accounted for approximately 75% of total costs for the average contractor in 1988 and 1989. The concept of excess logging capacity was evaluated. Analyses indicate that excess capacity exists in many areas of the Southeastern U.S., and excess capacity influences cost structures and survival strategies. Discussion with most contractors and evaluation of direct costs of excess capacity indicated that contractors are unable to achieve marginal efficiencies due to the large number of suppliers in some areas. Four major business survival strategies were identified during the study. Equity dissolution and diversification were the prevalent strategies, suggesting that the late 1980s and early 1990s favor harvesting systems that are downwardly elastic in terms of production. / Master of Science

Owing to the continued increase in kilowatt capacity of new power stations being built today, proper sizing and selection of mechanical equipment has a vital effect on dollar savings, both for operation and maintenance costs as well as the initial cost of unit installation. In today's steam-electric plants, the power consumption of the motor-driven boiler feed pumps has been rising along with the increase of operating pressures and capacities. Power savings thus becomes a more significant factor than ever in selection of boiler feed pumping arrangement. Therefore, use of a more economical and justifiable boiler feed pumping arrangement with constant speed drive or variable speed drive through hydraulic couplings would vastly improve power plant economy and operation. This study compares the costs and operating characteristics of two constant-speed boiler feed pumps operating in parallel, against those of one constant-speed pump operating in parallel with one variable speed pump which is driven through hydraulic coupling (all pumps are of half-size capacity, motor-driven). This cost comparison shows that the former pumping arrangement is more economical than the latter at the unit base load. / Master of Science

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1965 J96 / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1965 G97 / Master of Science

Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / Peace operations and security co-operations are expensive. Even though there are a variety of factors that influences peace agents when they consider approving a new, expanding an existing, or closing down a peace operation or security co-operation, one of these factors is the cost factor. If we were to isolate the cost factor it would follow that a reduction in the cost of peace operations and security co-operations, are likely to contribute to peace agents being more willing to approve new, expand existing or to give existing missions more time to consolidate before closing them down. There are a variety of ways how the cost of peace operations or security co-operations can be lowered. This thesis suggests an alliance with the private sector in the form of corporate sponsorships. In short, that peace operations and security co-operations be commodified and commercialised. This would entail introducing corporate sponsorship of some of the commodities that are used in peace operations and security co-operations, followed by the corporate sponsor using their involvement in the peace operation or security co-operation to their commercial advantage. The commodification and commercialisation of peace operations and security co-operations should result in the relevant operations and co-operations benefiting in a cost-effective as well as practical effectiveness sense, whereas the private sponsor should benefit in either or both a financial (profit) or an image-making sense. The psychological theory supporting such an argument is that of social identity theory. This theory explains how positive connotations made with peacemaking in warlike conditions will motivate industries to use this opportunity to show that their products can succeed in such demanding circumstances. Accordingly, social identity theory provides us with evidence as to how the commercialisation and commodification of peace operations and security co-operations can succeed. We also support our argument by providing a case study, Operation Rachel, which serves as a successful example of an operation that was (partially) commodified and commercialised. Operation Rachel, which can be seen as either or both a peace operation and security co-operation, shows that in the case of security co-operations, these operations should be presented as peace operations during the commodification and commercialisation processes.