Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the face of global competition manufacturers are increasingly finding themselves having to redefine the way they do business. Despite this, and while lean manufacturing has been widely adopted as an inherently superior form of manufacturing when compared to mass production, many companies continue to operate according to a traditional mass production philosophy. This research aims to validate and quantify the existence of a correlation between the presence of lean manufacturing and improved performance in important financial indicators with a view to encouraging the more rapid adoption of lean manufacturing. The intended outcome of this research is therefore firstly an analysis that either confirms or refutes the existence of a correlation between selected lean manufacturing practices and selected financial indicators, and secondly a quantification of the strength of the identified relationship, if any. There are four sub-problems that were identified as being central to the research aims. The first relates to the identification of foundational principles associated with lean manufacturing, while the second relates to the identification of manufacturing practices associated with each principle that can be observed and tested for. The third entailed the evaluation of existing literature on links between lean manufacturing and financial performance. The fourth entailed the development of a set of hypotheses and methodology for the testing of relationships between lean manufacturing practices and financial indicators. The four principles, and their associated practices, were as follows: • Just In Time: kanban; • Total Quality Management: andon and poka-yoke; • Continuous improvement: standardisation of work practices, green areas and suggestion schemes; and • Team-based work organisation: teams, single-piece flow between team members and team leader roles. The review of existing literature provided some guidance in respect of financial performance measures that should be included in the study, but fell short of confirming the type of relationships and correlations sought for the purpose of this research. Data on the financial performance of 22 automotive component manufacturers were obtained from the Benchmarking and Manufacturing Analysts SA (Pty) Ltd’s benchmarking database while data on lean manufacturing practices were obtained through structured observations at the 22 companies between January 2008 and December 2008. Through evaluating Spearman rank correlation coefficients conclusive findings were obtained in respect of the existence of a relationship and a positive correlation between each of the following pairs of variables: • Kanban and average growth in sales; • Kanban and change in Return on Investment; • Andon and operating profit as a percentage of sales; • Poka-yoke and operating profit as a percentage of sales; • Poka-yoke and growth in sales; • Green areas and operating profit as a percentage of sales; and • Standardisation of work practices and operating profit as a percentage of sales. During the analysis and interpretation of the findings value chains dynamics, operational measures, and control variables were cited as key considerations for further research in this field. The paper concludes by suggesting that a study of this nature replicated in the automotive industry in a different economy would likely result in similar outcomes, but that the same outcomes may not necessarily be obtained if the study was replicated in a different industry in the same economy. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die uitdagings van globale mededinging en vrye toegang tot wêreld markte is vervaardigers blootgestel aan die behoefte om hulle besigheidsprosesse voortdurend te vernuwe en te optimiseer. Ten spyte van die feit dat “Lean Manufacturing” spesifiek in die vervaardigings industrie aanvaar is as die voorkeur model bo die meer tradisionele massa produksie model sukkel maatskapye steeds met die implimentering daarvan. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om te toon dat daar ‘n verwantskap bestaan tussen die beginsels van “Lean Manufacturing” en die winsgewindheid van maatskappye. Meer spesifiek word daar gesoek na sleutel finansiële aanwysers in die besigheid, en hulle verwantskap met geselekteerde “Lean Manufacturing” beginsels. Daar word gepoog om die verwantskappe te kwantifiseer, en hierdie resultate dan te gebruik as basis vir die motivering om hierdie beginsels verder en vinniger in die vervaardigings industrie te implimenteer. Vier subprobleme is geidentifiseer om die voorgestelde navorsing logies te benader. Die eerste hou verband met die identifisering van die kern beginsels van “Lean Manufacturing”, en die tweede met die identifisering van vervaardigings praktyke wat assosieer kan word met elkeen van die beginsels. Die derde subprobleem is die analise en vewerking van bestaande literatuur met die doel om die verwantskap tussen die identifiseerde kern beginsels van “Lean Manufacturing” en finansiële indikatore te evalueer. Laastens word ‘n hipotese ontwikkel om die identifiseerde verwantskappe te toets en te evalueer. Die vier beginsels en die assosieërde praktyke is: • “Just In Time”: kanban; • Algemene Kwaliteits Bestuur: andon en poka-yoke; • Voortdurende Verbetering: standardisering van werksprosesse; en • Spangebaseerde Organisasies: Spanwerk. Die bestudering van bestaande literatuur het ‘n riglyn geskep vir van die finansiële indikatore wat in ag geneem moet word in die studie. Dit het wel geblyk dat die tipe verwantskap nie duidelik definieer is nie. Die finansiële data van 22 motor komponent vervaardigers is verkry van Benchmarking and Manufacturing Analysts SA (Pty) Ltd’s se databasis. Die data oor “Lean Manufacturing” is verkry deur gestruktureerde waarnemings en onderhoude by dieselfde 22 maatskapye oor die tydperk Januarie 2008 tot Desember 2008. Deur die evaluering van “Spearman rank” korrelasie koëfisiënte kon ‘n korrelasie tussen die volgende veanderlikes verkry word: • Kanban en die gemiddelde groei in verkope; • Kanban en die verandering in die opbrengs op belegging; • Andon en die operasionele wins as ‘n persentasie van verkope; • Poka-yoke en die operasionele wins as ‘n persentasie van verkope; • Poka-yoke en die groei in verkope; • Groen areas en die operasionele wins as ‘n persentasie van verkope; en • Standardisering van werksprosedures en die operasionele wins as ‘n persentasie van verkope. Na aanleiding van die analise en interpretasie van die bevindinge opgelewer deur die studie word die verdere bestudering van die veld sterk aanbeveel. Waardeketting dinamika, operasionele maatstawwe, en beheer veranderlikes is identifiseer as kernaspekte van so ‘n verdere ondersoek. Dit moet egter benadruk word dat die herhaalbaarheid van die studie moontlik sal wees in ander ekonomiese toestande, maar nie noodwendig dieselfde resultate sal lewer vir ander industrieë nie.

Bedside terminals are an approach to data entry that is maximally effective, due to capture at the point of care, to meet the challenges facing nursing today in relation to information documentation. The purpose of this evaluation research study was to determine if bedside terminals are justifiable though a cost-benefit analysis.The General Systems Theory, which was formulated by Ludwig von Bertalanffy in the late 1920's, was the theoretical framework used for this study (Putt, 1978).A non-standardized checklist of factors was developed by the researcher to evaluate the associated costs. related to bedside terminals. The factors included patient census, acuity, lost charges, reimbursement denials, and medication errors.A convenience sample of one surgical nursing unit from a large midwestern metropolitan hospital was chosen for data collection. Based on the literature, monetary values werearbitrarily assigned to the factors. Costs were assigned based on projected figures for bedside terminal implementation in 1993 obtained from the literature. All participants were notified of rights as human subjects and the confidentiality of this study.This study was significant because the results will be added to the limited information on the justification of bedside terminals using a cost-benefit analysis available in the current literature.Projections of bedside terminal costs were limited due to the unwillingness of bedside terminal vendors to provide current costs to compare against the quantitative benefits collected in this study. Reimbursement denials were not obtained due to the accounting practices of the institution. Due to these limitations, a prospective rather than the retrospective approach used in this study for data collection would be recommended to ensure obtaining information on all data elements. The results of this study should be considered when contemplating purchase of bedside terminals. Based on the results of this cost-benefit analysis study, the purchase of bedside terminals is cost-justified. A favorable return on investment of a one year payback was obtained. / School of Nursing

Kuok, Chiu Fai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-154). / Abstract and appendix also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Abstract (in Chinese) --- p.iv / Acknowledgements --- p.vi / Table of Contents --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.xi / List of Figures --- p.xiv / List of Abbreviations --- p.xv / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Impact of Malignant Diseases and Multiple Myeloma --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Pharmacoeconomics --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Macao Healthcare System --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Study Hypothesis --- p.12 / Chapter 1.6 --- Study Objectives --- p.12 / Chapter 1.7 --- Perspective of the Study --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review / Chapter 2.1 --- Hematopoietic System --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Specific Blood Cell Lineages and Blood Cells --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Bone Marrow Microenvironment --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Hematologic Malignancies --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Leukemia --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Lymphoma --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Plasma Cell Disorders --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3 --- Multiple Myeloma --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Epidemiology --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Pathology --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Clinical Presentation and Disease Complications --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Classification and Diagnostic Criteria --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Disease Staging and Prognosis --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Treatment --- p.45 / Chapter 2.3.6.1 --- Treatment Regimens and Strategies --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3.6.1.1 --- Standard Chemotherapy --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.6.1.1.1 --- Melphalan-based Regimens --- p.51 / Chapter 2.3.6.1.1.2 --- VAD-based Regimens --- p.52 / Chapter 2.3.6.1.1.3 --- High-dose Glucocorticoid Regimens --- p.53 / Chapter 2.3.6.1.2 --- Treatment Strategies --- p.53 / Chapter 2.3.6.1.2.1 --- Initial Chemotherapy --- p.53 / Chapter 2.3.6.1.2.2 --- High-dose Chemotherapy --- p.55 / Chapter 2.3.6.1.2.3 --- Newer Therapeutic Agents for Multiple Myeloma --- p.58 / Chapter 2.3.6.1.2.4 --- Salvage Chemotherapy --- p.60 / Chapter 2.3.6.2 --- Treatment Responses --- p.63 / Chapter 2.3.6.3 --- Treatment for Disease Complications --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodology / Chapter 3.1 --- Study Design --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2 --- Patients Selection Criteria --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- For Retrospective Cost Analysis --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- For Health-related Quality of Life Measurement --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3 --- Patient Screening --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4 --- Data Collection --- p.72 / Chapter 3.5 --- Overview of Assessment Methods --- p.73 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Outcomes --- p.73 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Cost Analysis --- p.74 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Cost Effectiveness Analysis --- p.74 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Cost Utility Analysis --- p.75 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Health-related Quality of Life Assessment --- p.75 / Chapter 3.6 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.76 / Chapter 3.7 --- Ethic approval --- p.77 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Results / Chapter 4.1 --- Study Population --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Cost and Pharmacoeconomic Analysis --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Health-related Quality of Life Assessment --- p.79 / Chapter 4.2 --- Study Results --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Comparison of All Patients --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Differences in Treatment Protocols --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- Differences in Treatment Responses --- p.82 / Chapter 4.2.1.3 --- Differences in Treatment Outcomes --- p.82 / Chapter 4.2.1.4 --- Differences in Treatment Costs --- p.84 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Comparison for Patients Treated by Melphalan-based Regimens and VAD-based Regimens --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Differences in Treatment Responses --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Differences in Treatment Outcomes --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- Differences in Treatment Costs --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Melphalan-based Regimens Versus VAD-based Regimens by Patients with Different DS Staging --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- Patients in Stage 3-A MM --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2.3.2 --- Patients in Stage 3-B MM --- p.98 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Melphalan-based Regimens versus VAD-based Regimens in Patients with Different IS Staging --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2.4.1 --- Patients in Stage I MM --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2.4.2 --- Patients in Stage II MM --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2.4.3 --- Patients in Stage III MM --- p.107 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Comparison for Patients with and without Transplantation --- p.110 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Cost-effectiveness Assessment --- p.117 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Cost-utility Assessment --- p.118 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Sensitivity Analysis --- p.119 / Chapter 4.2.9 --- Health-related Quality of Life Assessment --- p.120 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Discussion and Conclusion / Chapter 5.1 --- Summary of Results --- p.123 / Chapter 5.2 --- Implication for Treatment --- p.126 / Chapter 5.3 --- Economic Evaluation --- p.129 / Chapter 5.4 --- Health-related Quality of Life --- p.132 / Chapter 5.5 --- Limitations of the Study --- p.134 / Chapter 5.6 --- Conclusion and Implications for Future Studies --- p.135 / Appendix --- p.137 / References --- p.139

Bedside computer terminals are an approach to data entry that is maximally effective to meet the challenges facing nursing today and process hospital information. The purpose of this evaluation research study was to determine if bedside computers are justifiable through a cost-benefit analysis. Costbenefit analysis was done to determine whether the benefits outweigh the costs involved in implementing a bedside computer system.The General Systems Theory formulated by Ludwig von Betalanaffy was the theoretical framework utilized for this project. A non-standardized checklist of factors was developed from the literature review. The factors included were patient census, acuity, lost charges, reimbursement denials, and medicine errors. Interrater reliability was established by a panel ofthree experts on cost-benefit analysis.A convenience sample of one 42 bed nursing unit from a large metropolitan Midwestern hospital was chosen for data retrieval. One month of financial data was analyzed for this study. The procedures for the protection of human subjects were followed.The study showed that bedside computers are costjustified.-based on the results of the cost-benefit analysis. The projection of cost versus benefits realized from the bedside terminals was limited due to the unwillingness of vendors to share actual cost information. Reimbursement denials were unable to be retrieved because of the financial accounting practices of the institution chosen.A prospective approach rather than the retrospective approach utilized in this study may produce the data necessary for reimbursement denials. Recognizing its limitations, the results of this study should be considered when contemplating the purchase of bedside terminals or the increasingly more advanced technology of hand-held and voice activated computers. / School of Nursing

Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / The purpose of this study was to determine the community perceptions based on cost–benefit analysis approach to developing a tourism route. The Ehlanzeni District Municipality in the Mpumalanga Province is proposing the development of a new community-based tourism route in the Umjindi Local Municipality. The route will start from the R40 road gateway to Umjindi Local Municipality, it then stretches to Umjindi township, ending in Barberton town. The aim of a tourism route is brings together a variety of activities and attractions under a theme, and it develops opportunities of products and services. The literature review in the study is drawn from host communities’ perception on tourism development, South African and international perspective on cost–benefit analysis of tourism development. Routes are considered important because they promote local economic development. The impact of tourism development in a local society is demonstrated throughout this study. Through an analysis of the qualitative and quantitative data collected, it was found that community perceived the cost is less than what they will actually benefit from the development of the proposed tourism route. The community perceives that the costbenefit of the development of a tourism route is associated with issues of the economy, social, cultural and environment.

BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that specialized clinical services targeted toward individuals early in the course of a psychotic illness may be effective in reducing both the clinical and economic burden associated with these illnesses. Unfortunately, the United States has lagged behind other countries in the delivery of specialized, multi-component care to individuals early in the course of a psychotic illness. A key factor contributing to this lag is the limited available data demonstrating the clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of early intervention for psychosis among individuals served by the American mental health system. Thus, the goal of this study is to present clinical and cost outcome data with regard to a first-episode psychosis treatment center within the American mental health system: the Early Psychosis Intervention Center (EPICENTER). METHODS: Sixty-eight consecutively enrolled individuals with first-episode psychosis completed assessments of symptomatology, social functioning, educational/vocational functioning, cognitive functioning, substance use, and service utilization upon enrollment in EPICENTER and after 6 months of EPICENTER care. All participants were provided with access to a multi-component treatment package comprised of cognitive behavioral therapy, family psychoeducation, and metacognitive remediation. RESULTS: Over the first 6 months of EPICENTER care, participants experienced improvements in symptomatology, social functioning, educational/vocational functioning, cognitive functioning, and substance abuse. The average cost of care during the first 6 months of EPICENTER participation was lower than the average cost during the 6-months prior to joining EPICENTER. These savings occurred despite the additional costs associated with the receipt of EPICENTER care and were driven primarily by reductions in the utilization of inpatient psychiatric services and contacts with the legal system. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that multi-component interventions for first-episode psychosis provided in the US mental health system may be both clinically-beneficial and cost-effective. Although additional research is needed, these findings provide preliminary support for the growing delivery of specialized multi-component interventions for first-episode psychosis within the United States. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01570972; Date of Trial Registration: November 7, 2011

The present paper describes an innovative electro-hydraulic system developed for automated side loaders. The system is based on Intelligent Flow Control (IFC), a concept where open circuit electric displacement controlled pumps are coupled with EH directional control valves. IFC was selected in order to achieve the level of performance required, in terms of efficiency and productivity (i.e. cycle times), and also to provide the best possible control of the side loader arm. The paper describes the system layout and the basics of the controls: from the alghorithms of the arm actuators to the vehicle on board telemetry and diagnostic. The paper reports the comparison between the IFC system (implemented on the vehicle) and a more traditional approach based on a Load Sense Flow Sharing concept. The benefits of the IFC solution are highlighted focusing on the energy efficiency (very important especially in the case of CNG engines, where the torque available at idle is significantly lower than diesel engines), but also in terms of controlability and response (due to the lack of load sensing signal lines).

The early onset of externalizing behaviour problems (EBP) is associated with negative outcomes later in life, such as poor mental health, substance use, crime, and unemployment. Some children also develop conduct disorder (CD), entailing a high disease and economic burden for both individuals and society. Most studies on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parenting interventions targeting EBP among children have evaluated selective or indicated preventive interventions, or treatment strategies. Evidence on the effectiveness of universally delivered parenting programmes is controversial, partly due to methodological difficulties. The overall aim of this thesis was to 1) address the methodological challenges of evaluating universal parenting programmes, and to 2) employ different health economic methods to evaluate parenting interventions for EBP and CD in children. Study I indicated that offering low intensity levels of Triple P universally, with limited intervention attendance, does not result in improved outcomes, and may not be a worthwhile use of public resources. Study II showed that using the distribution of an outcome variable makes it possible to estimate the impact of public health interventions at the population level. Study III supports offering bibliotherapy to initially target CP in children, whereas Comet could be offered to achieve greater effects based on decision-makers’ willingness to make larger investments. Cope could be offered when targeting symptom improvement, rather than clinical caseness. The economic decision model in Study IV demonstrated that Triple P for the treatment of CD appears to represent good value for money, when delivered in a Group format, but less likely, when delivered in an Individual format. To reduce the burden of mental health problems in childhood, cost-effective and evidence-based interventions should be provided on a continuum from prevention through early intervention to treatment. We believe our results can assist decision-makers in resource allocation to this field.

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the past two decades company performance has become the mantra of corporate theory. It follows that marketers have recently become understandably preoccupied with measuring the performance of marketing activity. In fact, the pressure for financial accountability has led to widespread concern over the role of the marketing function within a company. Some go as far as contemplating the demise of marketing professionals unless marketers develop an understanding of the marketing-finance interface and are able to enter into a dialogue with top management regarding the value that marketing adds to the company. Modern financial theory prescribes that the primary financial objective of any company should be shareholder value maximisation. Value based management (VBM) involves the appropriate allocation of scarce resources using prioritisation and cost-benefit analyses of different strategies to ensure that managers remain focused on shareholder value creation. The VBM philosophy embraces four fundamental driving forces impacting on the creation of value, the first of which is the profitable growth of sales. Since marketers are the custodians of brand sales the recognition of sales as a value driver places marketing at the centre of the value culture. The role of the marketing function is to create customer value that will translate into marketing assets (brand equity) and by doing so serves to add value to a company. The brand value chain summarises the process through which marketers can create value by carefully investing in various marketing tactics (or expenditures). These expenditures are encapsulated by the marketing mix. Simply, the marketing mix can be described as the sum of all expenditures intended to build brand equity and can be classified into four components known as the 4Ps (product, price, place and promotion). Concern has been raised that marketers focus too much attention on the stages in the brand value chain where marketing strategy is formulated and too little attention on the latter stages where the strategy is linked back to the value created through the implementation thereof. Despite the plethora of marketing metrics available the key to measuring the impact of marketing activity lies in maintaining a balance between non-financial, efficiency metrics and financial effectiveness metrics. To this end, there is a need for the development of aggregate-level models that link marketing tactics (expenditures) to to financial impact (e.g. sales) in order to communicate the value created by marketing. As a first step toward the objective of developing such models, it is important to understand the nature of the relationship between marketing expenditures (in terms of the 4Ps) and sales). Therefore, the primary objective in this study was to establish whether there is a relationship between the expenditures of different marketing components (4Ps) and sales. To this end, the proposition formulated elucidated that the variance in sales of a product is attributable to fluctuations in marketing expenditures. A meta analysis study was undertaken and two South African fast moving consumer goods brands’ financial data were investigated for the period of July 2001 to the end of June 2005. The marketing expenditures incurred for each of the respective brands were dissected and allocated according to the 4Ps of marketing. The metohod applied to investigate the relationship between marketing expenditures and sales originated through the adoption of multiple regression analysis between the indepent variables (marketing expenditures) and the dependent variable (sales). However, due to the fact that the data were collected over time it was anticipated that the time-related characteristics in the data might have offended inherent assumptions on which multiple regression analysis is based. Therefore, a time series regression analysis was subsequently adopted to account for time-related characteristics such as trend or seasonality. Counteracting dummy variables were included in the regression analysis to better understand the effect of trend and seasonality. In the case of Brand A, it was necessary to include dummy variables to counteract the effect of trend in the regression analysis., the results revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the expenditures of different marketing components (4Ps) and sales. Only distribution expenditures and price (along with trend) explained unique variance in sales. In the case of Brand B, it was necessary to include dummy variables for both trend and seasonality before the model was suitable for analysis. Once again, the results revealed a statistically significant relationship between the expenditures of different marketing components (4Ps) and sales. However for Brand B, only production expenditures (along with trend and seasonality) explained unique variance in sales. Therefore, in conclusion of the results found there were important findings to note. Firstly, when investigating data colllected over time it is imperative to understand the impact of time-related characteristics in the data and subsequently adopt the appropriate model to investigate relationships in the data. Secondly, despite a statistically significant relationship detected between marketing expenditures and sales the different components of the 4Ps have varying prominence for different brands and the appropriate allocation of resource will depend on the nature of the product and the strategy in mind. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die prestasie van ’n maatskappy het oor die afgelope twee dekades die mantra van korporatiewe teorie geword. Dit volg dus dat bemarkers onlangs afgetrokke is met die meet van die prestasie van mark aktiwiteit. Die druk vir finansiële verantwoordbaarheid het in wye kommer oor die rol van die bemarkingsfunksie binne ’n maatskappy, uitgeloop. Daar word bespiegel oor die ondergang van professionele bemarkers tensy bemarkers ’n begrip van die bemarking-finansie skeidingsvlak ontwikkel en in staat is om ’n dialoog met topbestuur aan die gang te sit rakende die waarde wat bemarking tot ’n maatskappy voeg. Moderne finansiële teorie stel voor dat die primêre finansiële doelwit van enige maatskappy die verhoging van belanghebbende waarde moet wees. Waarde-gebaseerde bestuur (WGB) sluit die gepaste toewysing van skaars hulpbronne, deur die gebruik van vooropstelling en koste-voordeel analise van verskeie strategieë, in, om te verseker dat bestuurders op die belanghebbende waarde skepping gefokus bly. Die WGB filosofie omarm vier grondliggende dryfsmagte wat op die skep van waarde, waarvan eerstens die winsgewende groei van verkope is, ’n impak het. Aangesien bemarkers die bewaarders van die handelsnaam verkope is, plaas die erkenning van verkope as ’n waarde drywer, bemarking in die middelpunt van die waarde kultuur. Die rol van die bemarkingsfunksie is om kliënt waarde te skep wat omgesit sal word in bemarkingsbates (handelsmerk billikheid) en dien so om waarde tot ’n maatskappy by te dra. Die handelsmerk waarde ketting som die proses op waardeur bemarkers waarde kan skep deur versigtig in verskeie bemarkingstaktieke (of uitgawes) te belê. Hierdie uitgawes word saamgevat deur die bemarkingsmengsel. Die bemarkingsmengsel kan kortliks beskryf word as die som van alle uitgawes wat bedoel is om handelsmerk billikheid te bou en kan in vier komponente, wat as die 4Ps (produk, prys, plek en promosie) bekend staan, geklassifiseer word. Daar is reeds kommer uitgespreek dat bemarkers te veel aandag aan die stadiums in die handelsmerk waarde ketting bestee waar bemarkings strategie geformuleer word en te min aandag word aan die latere stadiums geskenk waar die strategie teruggeskakel word aan die waarde wat deur die implementering daarvan geskep word. Ten spyte van die menigte beskikbare bemarkings metrieke lê die sleutel tot die meet van die impak van bemarkingsaktiwiteite in die onderhou van ’n balans tussen nie-finansiële, doeltreffende metrieke en finansiële effektiwiteit metrieke. Daar is dus ’n behoefte aan die ontwikkeling van gemiddelde-vlak modelle wat bemarkings taktieke (uitgawes) aan finansiële impak (bv. verkope) skakel om sodoende die waarde wat deur bemarking geskep word, te kommunikeer. Dit is belangrik om, as ’n eerste treë na die doelwit om sulke modelle te ontwikkel, die aard van die verhouding tussen bemarkingsuitgawes (in terme van die 4Ps) en verkope te verstaan. Die hoofdoel in hierdie studie was dus om vas te stel of daar ’n verhouding tussen die uitgawes van verskillende bemarkingskomponente (4Ps) en verkope bestaan. Die voorstel wat geformuleer is, het verklaar dat die verskeidenheid in verkope ’n produk is wat toegeskryf kan word aan fluktuering in bemarkings uitgawes. ’n Meta analise studie is onderneem en twee Suid-Afrikaanse vinnig-bewegende gebruikers goedere handelsmerke se finansiële data vir die typerk van Julie 2001 tot einde van Junie 2005 is ondersoek. Die bemarkings uitgawes wat vir elk van die handelsmerke aangegaan is, is ontleed en toegeken volgens die 4Ps van bemarking. Die metode wat toegepas is om die verhouding tussen bemarkings uitgawes en verkope te ondersoek het ontstaan deur die aanneem van meervoudige agteruitgang analise tussen die onafhanklike veranderlikes (bemarkings uitgawes) en die afhanklike veranderlikes (verkope). Daar is egter verwag, as gevolg van die feit dat die data oor tyd versamel is, dat die tyd-verwante kenmerke in die data inherente aannames mag beledig het, waarop meervoudige agteruitgang analise gebaseer is. ’n Tydsreek agteruitgang analise is gevolglik aangeneem om verantwoordbaar te wees vir tydsverwante kenmerke soos neiging of seisoenaliteit. Teenwerkende fop veranderlikes is by die agteruitgang analise ingesluit om die effek van neiging of seisoenaliteit beter te verstaan. In die geval van Handelsmerk A, was dit nodig om fop veranderlikes in te sluit om die effek van neiging in die agteruitgang analise teen te werk. Die uitslae het gewys dat daar ’n statisties noemenswaardige verhouding tussen die uitgawes van verskillende bemarkingskomponente (4Ps) en verkope is. Slegs verspreiding uitgawes en prys (tesame met neiging) het unieke verskille in verkope verduidelik. In die geval van Handelsmerk B was dit nodig om die fop veranderlikes in te sluit vir beide neiging en seisoenaliteit voordat die model gepas was vir analise. Die uitslae het weereens gewys dat daar ’n duidende verhouding tussen die uitgawes van verskillende bemarkingskomponente (4Ps) en verkope is. Slegs produksie uitgawes (tesame met neiging en seisonaliteit) het egter unieke verskille in verkope vir Handelsmerk B verduidelik. Daar was dus, in gevolgtrekking tot die uitslae wat gevind is, belangrike bevindings om van kennis te neem. Dit is eerstens van uiterste belang om die impak van tyd-verwante kenmerke in die data te verstaan en om vervolgens die gepaste model aan te neem om verhoudings in die data te ondersoek. Tweedens, ten spyte van ’n statistiese noemenswaardige verhouding wat bespeur is tussen bemarkings uitgawes en verkope, het die verskeie komponente van die 4Ps verskillende vernaamheid vir verskillende handelsmerke en die gepaste toekenning van bronne sal afhang van die aard van die produk en die strategie wat beoog word.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Western Cape Province experiences a shortage of funds, which results in provincial departments, such as the Western Cape EducationDepartment (WCED), not being able to fulfil all its needs. Alternative methods of funding have to be found to supplement the traditional tax-based funding by the State. The Provincial Administration: Western Cape (PAWC) owns immovable properties which are not fully utilised or managed cost-effectively. Properties, if managed entrepreneurially, offer the advantage of an income to the PAWC, and the WCED in particular. This study investigates the possibility of entrepreneurial property management in the public sector. Literature has been studied in order to establish what property management is about, what public management and entrepreneurial public management entail, and the characteristics that organisations should have to manage themselves innovatively. The present property management system in the PAWC and the WCED was examined and problems regarding the system highlighted. Guidelines for entrepreneurial property management were then drawn from the literature. With a view to ensuring the optimal management and use of property and a comprehensive service to clients, an organisational structure model was developed and illustrated schematically. The existing public management system was evaluated and found to be unsatisfactory measured against the guidelines and model for entrepreneurial public management. Recommendations were made for changing and renewing the organisational structure and management style of the PAWC and WCED. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Wes-Kaap Provinsie ondervind 'n tekort aan fondse, wat meebring dat provinsiale departemente, soos die Wes-Kaap Onderwysdepartement (WKOD), nie in al hul behoeftes kan voorsien nie. Alternatiewe befondsingsmetodes moet ondersoek word ten einde die staat se tradisionele belastinggebaseerde inkomste aan te vul. Die Provinsiale Administrasie:Wes-Kaap (PAWK) besit vaste eiendomme wat nie optimaal benut of koste effektief bestuur word nie. Indien eiendomme ondernemend bestuur kan word, is dit moontik dat dit 'n bron van inkomste kan word vir die PAWK en die WKOD in die besonder. Hierdie studie ondersoek die moontlikheid van ondernemende eiendomsbestuur in die openbare sektor. Literatuur is bestudeer om vas te stel wat onder eiendomsbestuur verstaan word, wat onder openbare bestuur en ondernemende openbare bestuur verstaan word, en watter eienskappe openbare organisasies moet openbaar om ondernemend bestuur te word. Die eiendomsbestuurstelsel in die PAWK en die WKOD is beskryf en die probleme in die stelsel belig. Riglyne vir ondernemende openbare eiendomsbestuur is uit die literatuur afgelei. 'n Organisasiestruktuurmodel, gerig op die maksimale bestuur en benutting van eiendomme en 'n omvattende diens aan kliênte, is ontwikkel en skematies voorgestel. Die bestaande eiendomsbestuurstelselis geëvalueer en daar is bevind dat dit nie aan die vereistes van die voorgestelde riglyne en model vir ondernemende openbare bestuur voldoen nie. Aanbevelings is gemaak vir vernuwing in die PAWK en die WKOD se organisasiestruktuur en bestuursbenadering.