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Thesis (MPhil) -- Stellenbosch University, 2012. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the interpreting services in the Parliament of South Africa (POSA). The impetus to embark on such an investigation arose after Members of Parliament claimed that the interpreting service in the Parliament of South Africa (POSA) is poor. In seeking to determine why Members of Parliament made such claims, I therefore investigated the interpreting service rendered by staff of Parliament’s Interpreting Unit. Consequently, an investigation to whether the simultaneous interpreters currently employed by Parliament of South Africa possess the amalgam of skills attributes and qualifications necessary for them to render an interpreting service of good quality. Questionnaires were distributed to Members of Parliament and to interpreters, interviews were conducted with Control Language Practitioners (CLPs), observation of recruitment panels for interpreters also followed, and interpreters were recorded during the sitting of Parliament House in an attempt to check whether interpreters do deliver an interpreting service that is up to standard. The results of this study show that Members of Parliament have a valid claim as 65% of the sample of interpreters had joined Parliament without interpreting skills and had, to date, never been sent for interpreting training and most interpreters are demoralised by the working conditions of the Language Services Section at the Parliament of South Africa.

This thesis addresses the current state of court interpretation in the Czech Republic. The work consists of two parts, theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part describes EU legislation on court interpretation and projects that aim to improve the quality of court interpretation. The thesis also discusses the development of Czech legislation regarding court interpretation from its inception to the present and expands to expected future development in the field of court interpretation. Major institutions such as EULITA at the European level and KST ČR in the Czech Republic are alluded to in the work. The empirical part consists of research conducted by a questionnaire among court interpreters, judges and investigators. The aim of the research is to answer the question who the present Czech court interpreters are and what their co-operation with the judges and investigators is like.

The thesis focuses on the status of court interpreters in the Czech Republic as a party cooperating with state authorities (courts and police) mainly in criminal proceedings. It aims to explore the work conditions of court interpreters in the Czech Republic. The thesis consists of two parts. The first part describes general features of court interpreting, the legal framework of court interpreting in the Czech Republic, the settings of court interpreting and the role of different participants of criminal proceedings. The second part examines the status of court interpreters in the Czech Republic through a questionnaire-based survey and interviews with court interpreters, representatives of courts and police officers. The survey showed that state authorities are not fully aware of the difficulty of court interpreting and do not create entirely suitable conditions for its practice. Considering also the low compensation of court interpreters, their status in the Czech Republic is rather problematic. The thesis was partly written in connection with the European project IMPLI (Improving Police and Legal Interpreting). Key-words: court interpreting, criminal proceedings, courts, police, act on experts and interpreters.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Portuguese

This study seeks to find what problems and process of interpreting are experienced by professional interpreters in the criminal justice system in South Africa. This study commences with an outlook of the origins and development of types of interpretation and then proceeds with critical review of scholarly literature dealing with interpretation in multilingual courtroom. This study explores the flawed language policy and its impracticality for the Eastern Cape courtrooms. This study undertakes a critical analysis of the current legislation (Bills & Acts).This study explores the extent to which the court automatic review proceedings act as a gatekeeper in ensuring against prejudice that can result in the non-use and use of indigenous languages in the trial courtroom within the Eastern Cape jurisdiction. Furthermore this study focuses on cases taken for review based on mis-understanding, mis-communication and wrongful interpretation that result in irregularities that appear on court records. This study also investigates the primary barriers for the use of African languages as languages of record in the courtroom. An eclectic sociolinguistic approach which encompasses the ethnography of speaking, and discourse analysis (observation in the courtroom) is used as a methodology in this study. Furthermore, the analysis of case-law forms part of the methodology alongside court observation.This study saw court actors from different spheres of the legal profession give their personal views and encounters with regards the art and the state of court interpreting in the province of the Eastern Cape.This state of affairs may have disastrous and far-reaching effects in that incorrect and/or imperfect translation may relate to the very facts that are crucial for the determination of the case. At the end recommendations are given on how to remedy the current state of affairs.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Technology: Language Practice, Department of Media, Language and Communication, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016. / IsiZulu is a previously marginalized language and is spoken by 78% of people in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa.info 2012). Signed language on the other hand, is not an official language in South Africa, although it is recognised despite the profession having undergone major transformation since democracy. This study hypothesizes that isiZulu and South African Sign Language interpreters both face challenges when given interpreting assignments. This study aims to create an awareness of the needs of the isiZulu speakers and deaf people when seeking judicial assistance and also to contribute towards the provision of quality interpreting services in some of the courts in KwaZulu-Natal. With this study it is hoped to assist the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development to be able to see where they can still improve on their system. This study was conducted only in four courts, therefore, the findings cannot be generalized to be the same in all the courts in South Africa. IsiZulu kusewulimi obelucindezelwe, kanti lusetshenziswa abantu abangamaphesenti angama-78 KwaZulu-Natali (SouthAfrica.info 2012). Ulimi lwezandla ngakolunye uhlangothi, akulona ulimi olusemthethweni eNingizimu Afrika nangale koshintsho oluningi olwenziwe kusukela kwaqala intando yabantu. Lolu cwaningo lucabangela ukuthi otolika besiZulu kanye naboLimi Lwezandla babhekana nezingqinamba uma benikwe umsebenzi wokutolika. Lolu cwaningo Iuhlose ukwazisa ngezidingo zabantu abakhuluma isiZulu kanye nabangezwa uma bedinga usizo lwezomthetho kanye nokuxhasa ekunikezeleni ukutolika okusezingeni elifanele kwezinye zezinkantolo KwaZulu-Natali. Ngalolu cwaningo kuthenjwa ukuthi luzosiza uMnyango Wobulungiswa kanye nokuThuthukiswa koMthethosisekelo ukuba ubone ukuthi yikuphi la okungalungiswa khona inqubo yokwenza yawo. Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe ezinkantolo ezine kuphela, ngakho-ke okutholakele ngeke kuze kuthathwe ngokuthi kuyafana ezinkantolo zonke zaseNingizimu Afrika. / M

While telephone interpreting is very well established on the foreign market, in the Czech Republic it is still quite unknown and not very much used. Foreign companies that provide telephone interpreting have sophisticated systems to chose, train and assess interpreters and to connect them promptly with clients. This type of interpreting is being employed in various areas of human activity - in healthcare, in communication with service providers, such as banks, at courts, during police interrogations, in the private sector, where business partners need to communicate with each other, etc. Telephone interpreting is still seeking its position on the Czech market - the service is offered and provided by agencies, clients, however, are not interested. In its first part, the present thesis explores the theory and present-day situation of telephone interpreting. Telephone interpreting is defined in the contexts of remote, dialogue and community interpreting; the foreign market is described, as well as the areas where over the phone interpreting is mainly employed. The conducted research focuses on the USA, where the telephone interpreting market is developed the most. The empirical part of the thesis draws on a survey carried out among translation agencies, hospitals, nongovernmental organizations and...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:24:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lourival Novais Neto.pdf: 1494421 bytes, checksum: 6e7805041cbc2804c72bf4c66e51f72a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The practice of court interpreting in Brazil has been commonly done by professionals with bilingual skills that are nominated interpreters ad hoc, whenever no sworn translators are available in the jurisdictions. Although much theoretical researches have increased in the field of court interpreting in the last twenty years, court interpreters still work as individuals and independents, ignoring the studies directed toward of their activity. Court interpreting terminology is widely used to mention any type of legal interpreting; however, the courtroom is only one of the many contexts in which the legal interpreting occurs. This research aims to reflect on the intricacy on face-to-face interaction process in a natural context of speech: the bilingual courtroom, in which the interpreter has the function to interpret from one language to other and also within the mother language, whose difficult process is performed in real time. This thesis dialogs with Forensic Linguistics, which has the purpose to study the relation between Law and Language that converge topics in common, in order to indicate possible resolutions of legal problems; and it also dialogs with the Interacional Sociolinguistics. Studies by Goffman (1967, 1975, 1979), Brown & Levinson (1987) and Gumperz (1982) are highlighted. This thesis presents characteristics of one of the qualitative methods based on ethnographic research: the natural observation (Adler & Adler, 1998), and the analysis is focus on the data extracted from Novais Néto (2002). In the context of the current reality of court interpreting in Brazil, this work explores mainly the features of interpreter s questions when mediating the interaction between a judge, speaker of Portuguese idiom, and a defendant, speaker of English idiom, in a testimony of a Brazilian Court of Justice. The action of the interpreter is mainly determined by the Criminal Proceeding Code, Term of Commitment, and Criminal Code. However, there is no guarantee the fulfillment of these rules, due to the judge s linguistic ability in foreign language. Therefore, the interpreter assumes a similar judge alignment in the hearing, regarding to conversational power, not legal: a peritus peritorum, a classic expression from the forensic field used specifically to the judge as expert of the connoisseurs (Barros, 2008:32) / A atividade de Interpretação de Tribunal no Brasil é comumente realizada por profissionais com habilidades bilíngües que são nomeados intérpretes ad hoc, quando não há tradutores juramentados disponíveis nas jurisdições. Apesar do aumento de pesquisas nos últimos vinte anos nesta área, os intérpretes convocados trabalham de forma individualizada e independente, ignorando os estudos voltados para sua atividade. A terminologia Interpretação de Tribunal é amplamente usada para se referir a qualquer tipo de interpretação legal, entretanto a sala de audiências é apenas um dos muitos contextos no qual a interpretação legal se estabelece. A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de refletir sobre o complexo processo de interação face-a-face em um contexto natural de fala: a sala de audiências bilíngüe, na qual o intérprete tem a função de interpretar de uma língua para outra e na mesma língua, além da dificuldade de fazer esse processo em tempo real. Esta tese dialoga com a Lingüística Forense, que tem a finalidade de estudar as relações entre o direito e a linguagem que convergem em tópicos comuns, para indicar possíveis resoluções de problemas legais/jurídicos; e com a Sociolingüística Interacional. Neste sentido, estudos de Goffman (1967, 1975, 1979), Brown & Levinson (1987) e de Gumperz (1982) são destacados. Esta tese apresenta características de um dos métodos qualitativos contemplados pelas pesquisas etnográficas: a observação natural (Adler & Adler, 1998), e tem como foco de análise parte do corpus de Novais Néto (2002). O objetivo é de investigar o evento social que é vivido pelo intérprete, um interrogatório (perguntas e respostas), no qual o intérprete media a interação juiz, falante do português, e o acusado, falante do inglês, em uma audiência bilíngüe de um Tribunal de Justiça brasileiro.A ação do intérprete é determinada pelo Código de Processo Penal, Termo de Compromisso e Código Penal. Todas essas normas estão sob a responsabilidade do juiz de fazê-las cumprir. No entanto, não há como garantir o cumprimento desses ditames devido, sobretudo, à competência lingüística do juiz em língua estrangeira. Constata-se, portanto, que o intérprete assume um patamar semelhante ao do juiz na audiência bilíngüe, no que se refere ao poder conversacional, não legal: peritus peritorum, expressão clássica proveniente do campo forense atribuída ao juiz como perito dos peritos (Barros, 2008:32)

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