Node scheduling is one of the most effective techniques to maximize the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. It is the process of selecting a subset of nodes to monitor the sensor field on behalf of redundant nodes. At every round of the scheduling a small group of nodes are active while the rest of the sensor nodes are in sleep mode. In this thesis, we propose a novel node scheduling solution for wireless sensor networks. The main characteristic of our approach is its independence from location information as well as distance information. Moreover, it does not rely on unrealistic circular radio propagation models. In order to have a comprehensive solution, we have considered different relations between sensing range and transmission range. When these ranges are equal in addition to the case that transmission range is higher than sensing range, we devise a node scheduling scheme based on the concept of Minimum Dominating Set. Two heuristics are presented to determine a collection of minimum dominating sets of the graph of the wireless sensor network. At each round of the scheduling only one set is active. Minimum dominating sets are scheduled to be rotated periodically. Moreover, every set is synchronized prior to the end of its active period in order to minimize the effect of clock drift of sensor nodes. Two components are considered to address node failures during the on-duty period of minimum dominating sets. These are probing environment and adaptive sleeping. The former is responsible for probing the working nodes of the active set to detect any node failure. The latter adjusts the frequency of probing for minimizing the overhead of probing while preserving an adequate level of robustness for discovery of node failure. This framework is based on the PEAS protocol that has been developed by Fan Ye et al. [98, 99]. We propose a different node scheduling scheme with a three-tier architecture for the case that sensing range is higher than transmission range. The coverage tier includes a set of nodes to monitor the region of the interest. We propose a heuristic to determine a collection of d-dominating sets of the graph of the wireless sensor network. At every round of the scheduling one d-dominating set forms the coverage tier. Connectivity tier consists of sensor nodes that relay the data collected at the coverage tier back to the base station. Finally, the coverage management tier is responsible for managing different patterns of coverage such as cyclic or uniform coverage.

Coverage in a Wireless Sensor Network reflects how well a sensor network monitors an area. Many times it is impossible to provide full coverage. The key challenges are to prolong the lifetime and ensure connectivity to provide a stable network. In this thesis we first define p-percent coverage problem in which we require only p% of the whole area to be monitored. We propose two algorithms, Connected P-Percent Coverage Depth First Search (CpPCA-DFS) and Connected P-Percent Connected Dominating Set (CpPCA-CDS). Through simulations we then compare and analyze them for their efficiency and lifetime. Finally in conclusion we prove that CpPCA-CDS provides 5 to 20 percent better active node ratio at low density. At high node density it achieves better distribution of covered area however the lifetime is only 5 to10 percent shorter then CpPCA-DFS. Overall CpPCA-CDS provides up to 30 percent better distribution of covered area.

Game theory can work as a coordination mechanism in multi-agent robotic systems by representing each robot as a player in a game. In ideal scenarios, game theory algorithms guarantee convergence to optimal configurations and have been widely studied for many applications. However, most of the studies focus on theoretical analysis and lack the details of complete demonstrations. In this regard, we implemented a real-time multi-robot system in order to investigate how game-theoretic methods perform in non-idealized settings. An aerial coverage problem was modeled as a potential game, where each aerial vehicle is an independent decision-making player. These players take actions under limited communication, and each is equipped with onboard vision capabilities. Three game-theoretic methods have been modified and implemented to solve this problem. All computations are performed using onboard devices, independent of any ground entity. The performance of the system is analyzed and compared with different tests and configurations

Coverage in a Wireless Sensor Network reflects how well a sensor network monitors an area. Many times it is impossible to provide full coverage. The key challenges are to prolong the lifetime and ensure connectivity to provide a stable network. In this thesis we first define p-percent coverage problem in which we require only p% of the whole area to be monitored. We propose two algorithms, Connected P-Percent Coverage Depth First Search (CpPCA-DFS) and Connected P-Percent Connected Dominating Set (CpPCA-CDS). Through simulations we then compare and analyze them for their efficiency and lifetime. Finally in conclusion we prove that CpPCA-CDS provides 5 to 20 percent better active node ratio at low density. At high node density it achieves better distribution of covered area however the lifetime is only 5 to10 percent shorter then CpPCA-DFS. Overall CpPCA-CDS provides up to 30 percent better distribution of covered area.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently achieved a great deal of attention due to its numerous attractive applications in many different fields. Sensors and WSNs possesses a number of special characteristics that make them very promising in many applications, but also put on them lots of constraints that make issues in sensor network particularly difficult. These issues may include topology control, routing, coverage, security, and data management. In this thesis, we focus our attention on the coverage problem. Firstly, we define the Sensor Energy-efficient Scheduling for k-coverage (SESK) problem. We then solve it by proposing a novel, completely localized and distributed scheduling approach, naming Distributed Energy-efficient Scheduling for k-coverage (DESK) such that the energy consumption among all the sensors is balanced, and the network lifetime is maximized while still satisfying the k-coverage requirement. Finally, in related work section we conduct an extensive survey of the existing work in literature that focuses on with the coverage problem.

MATOS, Daniel Ribeiro. Um algoritmos distribuído para escalonamento de sensores em RSSF. 2013. 59 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em ciência da computação)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2013. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-07-11T12:58:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_drmatos.pdf: 2537544 bytes, checksum: 870eae75ce068b1ef961e23307dda2a9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rocilda Sales (rocilda@ufc.br) on 2016-07-15T12:57:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_drmatos.pdf: 2537544 bytes, checksum: 870eae75ce068b1ef961e23307dda2a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T12:57:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_drmatos.pdf: 2537544 bytes, checksum: 870eae75ce068b1ef961e23307dda2a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used in a lot of applications: from smart homes to military enviromnets. In general, WSNs has severe energy restrictions - a sensor usualy has a limited batery and it’s not replaceable. Distributing the sensor in a random mander can lead to a redundancy of some areas and this is desirable to support fail of some sensors. In this work, we propose an distributed algorithm to schedule active sensors to reduce the redundancy of data obtainned by the network and prolong the network lifetime. / Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) são utilizadas em diversos tipos de aplicações: desde casas inteligentes a aplicações militares. RSSF possuem, em geral, severas restrições energéticas - um sensor geralmente possui uma quantidade limitada de bateria e este não é substituível. Os sensores podem possuir uma certa redundância de uma área sensoreada, uma vez que, quando os sensores são distribuídos de forma aleatória, alguns sensores acabam ficando muito próximos, ou mesmo quando são depositados de maneira determinística, uma certa redundância é necessária para prever a falha de alguns destes sensores. Neste trabalho, propomos um algoritmo distribuído que faz um escalonamento de sensores ativos, de forma a reduzir a redundância dos dados coletados e aumentar o tempo de vida da rede de sensores.

Radio frequency system optimization and troubleshooting remains one of the most challenging aspects of working in a cellular network. To stay competitive, cellular providers continually monitor the performance of their networks and use this information to determine where to improve or expand services. As a result, operators are saddled with the task of wading through overwhelmingly large amounts of data in order to trouble-shoot system problems. Part of the difficulty of this task is that for many complicated problems such as hand-off failure, clues about the cause of the failure are hidden deep within the statistics of underlying dynamic physical phenomena like fading, shadowing, and interference. In this research we propose that Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) be used as a method to infer signature statistics about the nature and sources of faults in a cellular system by fitting models to various time-series data measured throughout the network. By including HMMs in the network management tool, a provider can explore the statistical relationships between channel dynamics endemic to a cell and its resulting performance. This research effort also includes a new distance measure between a pair of HMMs that approximates the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD). Since there is no closed-form solution to calculate the KLD between the HMMs, the proposed analytical expression is very useful in classification and identification problems. A novel HMM based position location technique has been introduced that may be very useful for applications involving cognitive radios. / Ph. D.

nÃo hà / Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) sÃo utilizadas em diversos tipos de aplicaÃÃes: desde casas inteligentes a aplicaÃÃes militares. RSSF possuem, em geral, severas restriÃÃes energÃticas - um sensor geralmente possui uma quantidade limitada de bateria e este nÃo à substituÃvel. Os sensores podem possuir uma certa redundÃncia de uma Ãrea sensoreada, uma vez que, quando os sensores sÃo distribuÃdos de forma aleatÃria, alguns sensores acabam ficando muito prÃximos, ou mesmo quando sÃo depositados de maneira determinÃstica, uma certa redundÃncia à necessÃria para prever a falha de alguns destes sensores. Neste trabalho, propomos um algoritmo distribuÃdo que faz um escalonamento de sensores ativos, de forma a reduzir a redundÃncia dos dados coletados e aumentar o tempo de vida da rede de sensores. / Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used in a lot of applications: from smart homes to military enviromnets. In general, WSNs has severe energy restrictions - a sensor usualy has a limited batery and itâs not replaceable. Distributing the sensor in a random mander can lead to a redundancy of some areas and this is desirable to support fail of some sensors. In this work, we propose an distributed algorithm to schedule active sensors to reduce the redundancy of data obtainned by the network and prolong the network lifetime.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently attracted a great deal of attention due to their numerous attractive applications in many different fields. Sensors and WSNs possess a number of special characteristics that make them very promising in a wide range of applications, but they also put on them lots of constraints that make issues in sensor network particularly challenging. These issues may include topology control, routing, coverage, security, data management and many others. Among them, coverage problem is one of the most fundamental ones for which a WSN has to watch over the environment such as a forest (area coverage) or set of subjects such as collection of precious renaissance paintings (target of point coverage) in order for the network to be able to collect environment parameters, and maybe further monitor the environment. In this dissertation, we highly focus on the area coverage problem. With no assumption of sensors’ locations (i.e., the sensor network is randomly deployed), we only consider distributed and parallel scheduling methods with the ultimate objective of maximizing network lifetime. Additionally, the proposed solutions (including algorithms, a scheme, and a framework) have to be energy-efficient. Generally, we investigate numerous generalizations and variants of the basic coverage problem. Those problems of interest include k-coverage, composite event detection, partial coverage, and coverage for adjustable sensing range network. Various proposed algorithms. In addition, a scheme and a framework are also suggested to solve those problems. The scheme, which is designed for emergency alarming applications, specifies the guidelines for data and communication patterns that significantly reduce the energy consumption and guarantee very low notification delay. For partial coverage problem, we propose a universal framework (consisting of four strategies) which can take almost any complete-coverage algorithm as an input to generate an algorithm for partial coverage. Among the four strategies, two pairs of strategies are trade-off in terms of network lifetime and coverage uniformity. Extensive simulations are conducted to validate the efficiency of each of our proposed solutions.

MATOS, Daniel Ribeiro. Um algoritmos distribuído para escalonamento de sensores em RSSF. 2013. 59 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Computação, Fortaleza-CE, 2013. / Submitted by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-06-16T17:08:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_drmatos.pdf: 2537544 bytes, checksum: 870eae75ce068b1ef961e23307dda2a9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-06-16T17:11:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_drmatos.pdf: 2537544 bytes, checksum: 870eae75ce068b1ef961e23307dda2a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-16T17:11:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_drmatos.pdf: 2537544 bytes, checksum: 870eae75ce068b1ef961e23307dda2a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are used in a lot of applications: from smart homes to military enviromnets. In general, WSNs has severe energy restrictions - a sensor usualy has a limited batery and it’s not replaceable. Distributing the sensor in a random mander can lead to a redundancy of some areas and this is desirable to support fail of some sensors. In this work, we propose an distributed algorithm to schedule active sensors to reduce the redundancy of data obtainned by the network and prolong the network lifetime. / Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF) são utilizadas em diversos tipos de aplicações: desde casas inteligentes a aplicações militares. RSSF possuem, em geral, severas restrições energéticas - um sensor geralmente possui uma quantidade limitada de bateria e este não é substituível. Os sensores podem possuir uma certa redundância de uma área sensoreada, uma vez que, quando os sensores são distribuídos de forma aleatória, alguns sensores acabam ficando muito próximos, ou mesmo quando são depositados de maneira determinística, uma certa redundância é necessária para prever a falha de alguns destes sensores. Neste trabalho, propomos um algoritmo distribuído que faz um escalonamento de sensores ativos, de forma a reduzir a redundância dos dados coletados e aumentar o tempo de vida da rede de sensores.