Using questionnaires, self report, and partner report of spouse, this longitudinal investigation examined the relationship between couple insecure attachment, covert relational aggression, and sexual satisfaction of each partner one year after their initial assessment, while controlling for sexual satisfaction at the time of our initial assessment. Findings showed that wives were more impacted by both actor and partner effects of covert relational aggression. Wives' sexual satisfaction was predicted by the increase in insecure attachment of both self and spouse through covert relational aggression. Wives insecure attachment did not cause a significant decrease in husbands' sexual satisfaction at time 2. Husbands were also impacted but to a lesser degree. An increase in husbands' insecure attachment showed a significant increase in husbands' covert relational aggression. The increase in his covert relational aggression did not, however, predict a significant decline in sexual satisfaction for husbands.

In the mid-twentieth century many critics considered Eudora Welty’s work regionalist, which limited the interpretation of its social and political implications. However, by the late 1980s there was a renewed dedication to examining the subtle social and political implications present in her fiction. In keeping with this critical trend, I examine Welty’s revisions to four stories in A Curtain of Green and Other Stories. Previous interpretations of “Clytie,” “Why I Live at the P.O.,” “A Memory,” and “A Curtain of Green” do not adequately address how the female protagonists of these stories challenge traditional expectations for women. I argue that Welty’s revisions provide fundamental support for the female protagonists so that they can challenge existing social order in covert ways.

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Many military conflicts are fought in urban environments that subject the U.S. soldier to a number of challenges not otherwise found in traditional battle. In the urban environment, the soldier is subject to threatening attacks not only from the organized army but also from civilians who harbor hostility. U.S. enemies use the civilian crowd as an unconventional tactic to blend in and look like civilians, and in response to this growing trend, soldiers must detect and identify civilians as a threat or non-threat. To identify a civilian as a threat, soldiers must familiarize themselves with behavioral cues that implicate threatening individuals. This study elicited expert strategies regarding how to use nonverbal cues to detect a threat and evaluated the best medium for distinguishing a threat from a non-threat to develop a training guide of heuristics for training novices (i.e., soldiers) in the threat detection domain. Forty experts from the threat detection domain were interviewed to obtain strategies regarding how to use nonverbal cues to detect a threat (Phase 1). The use of nonverbal cues in context and learning from intuitive individuals in the domain stood out as strategies that would promote the efficient use of nonverbal cues in detecting a threat. A new group of 14 experts judged scenarios presented in two media (visual, written) (Phase 2). Expert detection accuracy rates of 61% for the visual medium and 56% for the written medium were not significantly different, F (1, 13) = .44, p = .52. For Phase 3 of the study, a training development guide of heuristics was developed and eight different experts in the threat detection domain subjectively rated the heuristics for their importance and relevance in training novices. Nine heuristics were included in the training guide, and overall, experts gave all heuristics consistently high ratings for importance and relevance. The results of this study can be used to improve accuracy rates in the threat detection domain and other populations: 1) the soldier, 2) the average U.S. citizen, and 3) employees of the Transportation Security Administration. / Ph. D.

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The past 20 years have seen a growing interest amongst researchers into indirect forms of aggression and bullying. The evidence suggests that covert forms of aggression are largely used by adolescent girls as a means of inflicting harm on another and that the effects of such interactions can be detrimental to the individual's psychological and emotional well-being. This study aims to explore the social experiences of four adolescent girls, with particular reference to indirect aggression practices that they may have encountered. Data was collected in the form of unstructured interviews, which were conducted with each participant separately. Prominent themes were then identified and explored by the researcher. This was done from a systemic epistemological stance within the post-modern paradigm. A qualitative methodological design was followed allowing for the personal experiences and meaning attributions of each participant to come to the fore. The study's results were presented in the form of descriptive text with particular reference to the systemic processes that came to the fore. Overall, the study explicated the unique experiences of four adolescent girls with indirect aggression and how these experiences are interwoven with systemic processes that take place in social groups. / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)

Title: Mystery shopping in selected stores of specialized retail chain Hervis. Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to introduce a specific method of market research called the Mystery shopping as a marketing tool that is useable in the field of sport retail. The main point of the thesis is to practically use the technique in selected stores of sport retail chain Hervis in the territory of capital city Prague and compare them to each other to identify proposals. Methods: To obtain data, which allows to identify proposals, was used special technique of market research called the Mystery shopping, which represents a combination of questionnaire and covert observation. Results of the observation were immediately filed in drawn up sheets. Results: The results of the research indicated many faults in mutual interaction between staff and customers, especially in the areas of sales skills, customer needs analysis and circumstances entering the retail shop. That is why there were made some measures in the synthetic part, that can lead to improvement in Customer Relationship Management. Keywords: marketing research, sporting goods retail, questionnaire, covert observation, secret shopping

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAQUEL MENEZES VAZ.pdf: 1653014 bytes, checksum: b5286d7fa144da79b7ab9c4fea2339e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aimed at investigating the existence of the voicing covert contrast in the Brazilian Portuguese voiceless stops [p], [t], [k], and their voiced counterparts [b], [d], [g], in the productions of an informant with phonological deviation. After the oral analysis of recordings of spontaneous speech, stops were defined as the target segments for analysis. Auditory analysis allowed the identification of changes and omissions in these segments as regards sonority. Previously, the informant had participated in recording sessions which adopted the instrument proposed by Yavas, Matzenauer-Hernandorena and Lamprecht (2001), which elicits the production of the target segments by means of spontaneous object naming. In order to auditorily understand the sonority behavior of the stops, the principles of the Autosegmental Theory were used. This theory formalizes the segment structures through features geometry. The model proposed by Clements and Hume (1995) presents an arboreal diagram in which the [±voz] feature, the target of the present research, has a binary value, that is, the disconnection of the [+voice] feature implies the connection to the [-voice] feature, which might explain the auditorily perceived phenomenon in the informant s productions. After this stage, the spectral features of the stops produced by the informant in spontaneous speech were acoustically analyzed in the software Praat (BOERSMA; WEENINK, 2010). Some phonetic cues were investigated: VOT voice onset time, the duration of stop closure, and fundamental frequency. These cues might be the ones used by the informant to acquire the phonological contrast of sonority. Duration values in milliseconds were obtained by means of automatic measurements, and variables such as syllable stress where the plosives occurred and the position of this syllable in the word were controlled. The results were statistically analyzed in the software SPSS, version 17, and reveal a percentage of voicing of only 3,9% in the production of the voiced plosives [b], [d], and [g], the equivalent of the production of three voiced stops in a total of 76 instances when the voiced plosives were not produced as expected. It was concluded that the informant does not have the voicing contrast because the cases where there was voicing were rare. Among the three voiced productions, which occurred in intervocalic context and in simple onsets, the presence of the voicing covert contrast was found, since the duration values of the voiced segments produced by the informant were smaller than the standard values produced by adult speakers, according to what findings investigating the production of Brazilian Portuguese stops indicate. Thus, it is possible to consider the existence of the covert contrast only in the three productions, while in the total productions of the voiced stops, which were devoiced, not even the covert contrast is present in the informant s speech / Neste trabalho, investiga-se a existência do contraste encoberto de vozeamento nas plosivas não-vozeadas [p], [t], [k], e vozeadas [b], [d], [g] do Português brasileiro, na fala de um sujeito com desvio fonológico. As plosivas foram os segmentos selecionados como alvo desta investigação após análise de oitiva das produções de fala espontânea da informante, a qual apresentou trocas e omissões percebidas auditivamente nestes segmentos no que diz respeito à sonoridade. Previamente, a informante passou por sessões de gravação de fala a partir do instrumento de Yavas, Matzenauer-Hernandorena e Lamprecht (2001), em que o falante elicita a mostra dos segmentos através da nomeação espontânea. Para compreender o comportamento da sonoridade das plosivas percebido auditivamente, utilizou-se dos princípios da Teoria Autossegmental, a qual formaliza a estrutura dos segmentos através da geometria de traços. Utilizou-se o modelo de Clements e Hume (1995), o qual apresenta um diagrama arbóreo em que o traço [voz], alvo de estudo desta pesquisa, possui valor binário, ou seja, o desligamento do traço [+voz] implica a ligação com o traço [-voz], o que pode explicar o fenômeno percebido auditivamente nas produções da informante. Após essa etapa, analisou-se acusticamente as características espectrais das plosivas na fala espontânea da informante através do software Praat (BOERSMA; WEENINK, 2010). Foram investigadas pistas fonéticas (VOT tempo de início do vozeamento, o tempo de closura das plosivas e a frequência fundamental) que o falante pode seguir para a aquisição do contraste fonológico de sonoridade. Através das medições, obteve-se os valores em ms para cada segmento, considerando-se como variáveis a tonicidade da sílaba em que ocorreram as produções analisadas e a posição desta sílaba na palavra. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo programa SPSS, versão 17. Os resultados apontaram um percentual de vozeamento de apenas 3,9% na produção das plosivas [b], [d] e [g], o equivalente a 3 produções vozeadas em 76 em que o vozeamento não foi produzido como esperado. Concluiu-se que a informante não possui o contraste de vozeamento, pois foram raros os casos nos quais se confirmou a produção de vozeamento. Dentre as três produções vozeadas, as quais ocorreram em contexto intervocálico e em onset simples, constatou-se a presença do contraste encoberto de vozeamento, pois os valores de duração dos segmentos vozeados da informante são menores que aqueles padrão para o falante adulto, conforme indicado pelas pesquisas sobre o português brasileiro. Com o tempo de vozeamento menor que o padrão, nas três produções vozeadas encontrou-se a presença de contraste encoberto, enquanto nas produções totais de plosivas sonoras que foram desvozeadas nem mesmo o contraste encoberto se faz presente na fala da informante

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:20:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARCOS PAULO GOMES DE ARAUJO.pdf: 1260442 bytes, checksum: 955ac57258629e7d5991a3817f55a8ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / Among several motor skills training techniques, covert rehearsal (or covert practice, mental training, symbolic repetition, mental practice, mental rehearsal, imagined execution, visualization, mentalizing ) has been used to improve sportive performance. From a radical behaviorism perspective, imagining is conceived as covert behavior. To imagine is see something in the absence of the thing being seen, with this seeing in the absence analogous in nature to the seeing when the thing saw is present. Who is imagining, are not doing two different things in these two different situations, but the same thing. In this sense, imagining is behavior. The effect of covert rehearsal upon motor skills executions depends of variables such as the mode and/or context in which the technique is used. The objective of the present study was to verify the effect of training procedures composed by instructional variables and covert rehearsal technique upon the motor execution of the volleyball overhand serve. Eight (8) teenagers, both sexes (six [6] men), with ages between 13 and 15 years, regular basic level apprentices in a volleyball initiation course, served as experimental participants. Randomly distributed into three groups, all participants were exposed to four experimental conditions: Baseline (BL), Regular Training (RT), Instructed Covert Rehearsal Training (ICR) and Covert Rehearsal Training with a Model (CRM). Groups differ in the order of exposition to the conditions from the second one, with the BL as the first condition for all groups. In each condition, participants executed ten (10) overhand serves, everyone filmed by the experimenter. Thirteen (13) volleyball experts (judges) evaluated the last three (3) BL serves and the first three (3) serves executed after exposition to RT, ICR and CRM conditions. Executions filmed were presented randomly and judges used a specific protocol to evaluate and quantify serve adequacy, considering serves in four main components (initial position, ball throwing, ball attack and finalization). Statistical analyses to verify order effects showed that the different order expositions to the experimental conditions did not affect executions, with no significant differences observed between the three groups. Friedman variance analysis, with the experimental conditions data taken together, showed that, for 31,25% comparisons, significant differences were observed between BL executions and that after covert rehearsal conditions (specially, in the ICR condition, but in the CRM condition too), but in a minor percent between these conditions. Results were interpreted in terms of: 1) the developmental level of self-perceptive, verbal and motor repertoires of the apprentices trained, 2) the nature of the control that can be exerted by the instructional components in the covert rehearsal conditions and 3) the interrelation between verbal (speaker and listening behaviors) and perceptual (imagining) variables as related with motor performance. / Dentre as várias técnicas de treinamento de habilidades motoras, o ensaio encoberto (ou prática encoberta, treino mental, repetição simbólica, prática mental, ensaio mental, execução imaginada, visualização, mentalização) tem sido usada com o objetivo de melhorar o desempenho esportivo. Na perspectiva do behaviorismo radical, o imaginar é entendido como comportamento encoberto. Imaginar é ver algo na ausência da coisa vista, sendo este ver na ausência análogo em natureza ao ver quando o que se vê está presente. Quem imagina, não está fazendo duas coisas diferentes nas duas situações, mas a mesma coisa. Nesse sentido, imaginar é um comportamento. O efeito do ensaio encoberto sobre a execução de habilidades motoras depende de variáveis tais como o modo e/ou o contexto em que a técnica é utilizada. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o efeito de treinamento composto por variáveis instrucionais e técnica de ensaio encoberto sobre a execução motora do saque por cima do voleibol. Oito (8) adolescentes, de ambos os sexos (6 homens), com idade variando entre 13 e 15 anos, alunos regulares de iniciação ao voleibol, serviram como participantes do experimento. Distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos, todos os participantes foram expostos a quatro condições experimentais: Linha de Base (LB), Treinamento Padrão (TP), Treinamento com Ensaio Encoberto Instruído (TEI) e Treinamento com Ensaio Encoberto com Modelo (TEM). Os grupos diferiram quanto à ordem de exposição às condições a partir da segunda, sendo a LB a primeira para todos os grupos. Em cada condição, os participantes executaram dez (10) saques, todos eles tendo sido filmados pelo experimentador. Treze (13) avaliadores peritos em voleibol avaliaram, assistindo aos filmes, a execução dos três (3) últimos saques da condição LB e a execução dos três (3) primeiros após a exposição às condições TP, TEI e TEM. Nos filmes, as execuções foram apresentadas em ordem aleatória e a avaliação foi feita a partir de protocolo específico para dimensionar a adequação do saque, a partir dos seus quatro componentes principais (posição inicial, lançamento da bola, ataque à bola e finalização). Análise estatística dos dados para verificar efeito de ordem de exposição às condições mostrou que tal efeito não ocorreu, não sendo significativas as diferenças entre os três grupos. Tomados os dados em conjunto por condição experimental, análise de variância de Friedman mostrou que, em 31,25% das comparações, diferenças significativas ocorreram entre as execuções em LB e aquelas pós-ensaios encobertos (em especial no TEI, mas também no TEM), mas em número bem menor entre as condições. Os resultados foram interpretados quanto: 1) ao nível de desenvolvimento dos repertórios auto perceptivo, verbal e motor dos aprendizes expostos aos treinamentos, 2) a natureza do controle que pode ser exercido pelos componentes instrucionais nas condições com ensaio encoberto e 3) a inter-relação entre variáveis verbais (comportamentos de falante e ouvinte) e perceptuais (imaginação) na relação com o desempenho motor.