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The Austrian Act on Corporate Criminal Liability (VbVG) entered force on 1 January 2006 and has now been in effect fourteen years. The following article will evaluate the VbVG’s frequency of application in practice and critically examine the dominance of procedural termination (rather than prosecution) at the discretion of the district attorney’s office.

The EU Whistleblower Protection Directive came into force on 16 December 2019. Switzerland continues to struggle with this topic: the Swiss National Council (Nationalrat) dismissed a draft law on its introduction on 3 June 2019 and, after the Swiss Council of States (Ständerat) approved the draft law without changes on 16 December 2019, dismissed it again on 5 March 2020.

The article deals with the liability of board members for decisions to minimize business risks resulting from the pandemic. Based on an important decision by the highest German criminal court on a case of the 2008 financial crisis, the article outlines the limits of a safe haven within which managers can make decisions without fear of legal consequences.

Churches have been prompted to rethink the format of preaching and the content of sermons since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent restrictions on church gatherings. What does preaching look like, or what may it look like in times of crisis? These questions arose, specifically considering the content of sermons in the week before and after the national lockdown was announced in South Africa. Using Grounded Theory, the content of sermons delivered during this period was examined in order to identify an emerging theory regarding the homiletical content. From these findings, a homiletic praxis theory is formulated for preaching in times like these. The tension between proximity and distance that is experienced by hearers and proclaimed by preachers is explored. Habits of faith and discernment emerge as core concepts in mitigating this tension and in navigating the thin spaces that are created by liminal times such as these.

The fourth volume of the International Journal of Homiletics opens with an article from South Africa presenting first results of an empirical research on preaching in times of the pandemic. Marileen Steyn, Cas Wepener and Hennie Pieterse, all three from Stellenbosch University, conducted a grounded theory exploration on Preaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Africa analyzing 24 sermons preached on March 22 and March 29 2020- during the time of the South African lockdown. They convincingly show that in an experience of ‘distance’ (to God and the others) sermons primarily try to present a God who is ‘near.’ The authors explore the ‘hinges’ preachers use to help people on the threshold between near and far. They also point to the role liturgy plays together with the words of the sermon and suggest Holy Saturday/Silent Saturday as a metaphor for the homiletical endeavor of preaching in times of crisis. The article is presented in our volume in an English and an Afrikaans version.

Introduction: Coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children occurred in Peru as of March 2020, leading to pediatric patients' hospitalization in areas adapted for this purpose at the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital. In the beginning, the demand for hospitalization was low, but it increased gradually. Consistent with international reports, the majority of patients presented mild or moderate symptoms. Nonetheless, there were also severe cases, even fatal ones. Objectives: To describe the characteristics and clinical outcome of pediatric patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a referral hospital in Lima, Peru, between March and August 2020. Methods: A descriptive and inferential cross-sectional study was carried out. The population includes all hospitalized patients in the Department of Pediatrics, with clinical and surgical diagnoses associated with COVID-19. Results: We included 100 patients, with an average age of 83.4 ± 54 months, with a predominance of male patients (55%). Hospitalized patients were grouped into five categories: respiratory failure (17%), multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) (31%), neurological presentation (19%), acute abdomen (20%), and patients with oncological problems (13%). Most of the patients (74%) had comorbidities. Regarding the presenting symptoms, intestinal pain predominated in the appendicitis group (90%, p < 0.001), fever was present in most patients with respiratory failure (64.7%); multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (90.3%), neurological manifestations (15.8%), acute abdomen (50%) and oncological conditions (61.5%) were also present in these patients. Kawasaki symptoms were found in 38.7% of the patients with multisystemic inflammatory syndrome. Mortality was 4%. Respiratory problems (29.4%) and multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (22.6%) required admission to intensive care, more frequently than the other presentations (p = 0.008). Conclusions: We conclude that the vulnerability in the pediatric population is the one that has preexisting conditions. We divided our patients according to presentation, diagnosis, and complications, which were predominantly respiratory. We also had oncological patients with COVID-19. / Introducción: La infección por coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) en niños se presentó en Perú desde marzo del 2020. Desde entonces fue necesario internar pacientes pediátricos en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, en el área de hospitalización adaptada para dicho propósito. Al inicio, la demanda de hospitalización era baja y se fue incrementando progresivamente. Coincidiendo con los reportes internacionales, la mayoría presentó cuadros leves o moderados, pero también hubo casos graves e incluso mortales. Objetivos: Describir las características y el desenlace clínico de los pacientes pediátricos con COVID-19 hospitalizados en un hospital de referencia en Lima, Perú, entre marzo y agosto de 2020. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo e inferencial. La población incluyó a todos los pacientes que se hospitalizaron en el Departamento de Pediatría Clínica, con diagnósticos clínicos y quirúrgicos asociados a COVID-19. Resultados: Incluimos 100 pacientes, con edad promedio de 83,4 ± 54 meses, con predominio de varones (55%). Los pacientes hospitalizados fueron agrupados en cinco categorías: insuficiencia respiratoria (17%), síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico (31%), presentación neurológica (19%), abdomen agudo (20%) y pacientes con problemas oncológicos (13%). La mayoría de los pacientes (74%) tenían comorbilidades. Respecto a los síntomas de presentación, el dolor intestinal predominó en el grupo de apendicitis (90%, p < 0,001), la fiebre estuvo presente en la mayoría de los pacientes con falla respiratoria (64,7%), el síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico se registró en 90,3%, la sintomatología neurológica en 15,8%, el abdomen agudo 50% y oncológicos en 61,5% de los pacientes. Los síntomas de Kawasaki estuvieron presentes en 38,7% de los pacientes con síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico. La mortalidad fue de 4%. En 29,4% de problemas respiratorios y en 22,6% de síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico, se requirió de admisión en cuidados intensivos, lo que fue más frecuente que las otras presentaciones (p = 0,008). Conclusiones: Se concluye que la población pediátrica vulnerable es aquella con comorbilidades preexistentes. La división de pacientes en nuestro estudio fue definida por la presentación, diagnóstico y complicaciones predominantemente con problemas respiratorios, y en pacientes oncológicos con COVID-19. / Revisión por pares

Bakgrund: Den rådande Covid-19-pandemin har lett till ett ökat distansarbete där projektledare ställts inför nya utmaningar för att försäkra att kunskapsdelning kan ske effektivt inom projektgrupper. Tidigare forskning har visat att kunskapsdelning sker effektivt via social interaktion, och att det sociala utbytet är en viktig faktor för att motivera projektmedlemmar till att dela kunskap. Därav blir det intressant att undersöka vilka effekter det ökade distansarbetet har haft på kunskapsdelningen inom projektgrupper när den sociala kontexten förändras. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka de förändringar som projektledare har gjort för att försäkra att kunskap kommuniceras och delas inom projektgrupper under den rådande Covid-19 pandemin. Forskningsfrågor:  1) Hur arbetar projektledare med att försäkra att kunskapsdelning sker effektivt i projekt under Covid-19 pandemin? 2) Hur arbetar projektledare med att motivera projektmedlemmar till att dela kunskap under Covid-19 pandemin? Resultat: Det sociala utbytet har visat sig vara en avgörande faktor för att motivera projektmedlemmar till att dela kunskap. Studien visar att digitala hjälpmedel har varit viktiga för att försäkra att kunskapsdelning kan ske effektivt, men att de inte är en helhetslösning. Kunskapsbidrag: Studien utvecklar och nyanserar tidigare publicerad litteratur genom att identifiera viktiga faktorer för effektiv kunskapsdelning under distansarbetet, såsom snabba kommunikationsvägar, uppföljningar, tydlighet, tillgänglighet, bekräftelse och motivation. / Background: The current Covid-19 pandemic has led to increased distance work where project managers are faced with new challenges to ensure that knowledge sharing within project groups can be done effectively. Previous research has shown that social interaction is the most effective way to share knowledge, and that social exchange is an important factor in motivating project members to knowledge sharing. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate what effects the increased distance work has had on the sharing of knowledge within project groups when the social context changes.Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to examine the changes that project managers have made in order to ensure that knowledge is being communicated and shared within project groups during the current Covid-19 pandemic.  Research questions:  1) How do project managers ensure that knowledge sharing is being done effectively during the Covid-19 pandemic? 2) How do project managers motivate the project members to share knowledge during the Covid-19 pandemic? Results: Social exchange has proven to be a crucial factor in motivating project members to share knowledge. The study shows that digital tools have been important to ensure that knowledge sharing can take place efficiently. However, digital tools are not a complete solution to becoming more effective.  Knowledge contribution: The thesis develops previously published literature by identifying important factors for effective knowledge sharing during distance work, such as fast communication paths, follow-ups, clarity, availability, acknowledgement, and motivation.

Studien undersöker hur olika personlighetsdrag samvarierar med andelen stress vi upplever under Covid-19 pandemin, samt hur dessa personlighetsdrag samvarierar med copingstrategier och hur väl restriktionerna efterföljs. Urvalet bestod av 105 vuxna svenska personer. Formuläret bestod av Ten Item Personality Inventory, Perceived stress scale 10, sex frågor hämtade från Brief cope samt fyra frågor gällande deltagarnas compliance gällande Covid-19 pandemin som konstruerades utifrån Asselmann et al. (2020).Multipla regressioner utfördes för att undersöka det dubbelriktade sambandet mellan personlighetsdrag, stress och coping. Även de demografiska faktorerna ålder, kön, samt boendesituation undersöktes. Analyser av compliance resulterade i takeffekter, vilket gjorde att variabeln uteslöts från multipla regressioner. Resultaten av variabeln compliance var genomgående höga, vilket indikerar att samtliga deltagare, oavsett personlighetsdrag anser sig följa restriktionerna i hög utsträckning. Resultaten från de multipla regressionerna visade ett moderat negativt samband mellan PSS-10 och emotionell stabilitet (β=.53). Även ett svagt positivt samband mellan agreeableness och coping hittades (β=.24). Ett ytterligare fynd var ett svagt positivt samband mellan coping och boendesituation (β=.21), vilket indikerar att personer som bor ihop med andra använder sig av en mer funktionell coping, samt tillämpar dysfunktionella copingstrategier i lägre grad. Fortsatt forskning inom området behövs för att undersöka kopplingar mellan personlighetsdrag, stress, compliance och copingstrategier i relation till Covid-19 pandemin. / The present study investigates the relationship between personality traits, the amount of stress we experience due to the Covid-19 pandemic and how different personality traits covariates with coping strategies as well as compliance to the announced restrictions. The sample consisted of 105 Swedish participants over the age of 18. The questionnaire consisted of Ten Item Personality Inventory, Perceived stress scale 10, six questions were taken from Brief cope and four questions regarding the participants compliance concerning the Covid-19 pandemic which was constructed based on Asselmann et al. (2020). Multiple regressions were performed to investigate the bidirectional relationship between personality traits and stress, and coping. The demographic variables age, gender and housing situations were examined. The analyses of compliance resulted in roof effects, which excluded the variable from multiple regressions. The results of the variable compliance were consistently high, which indicates that all participants, regardless of personality traits, considered themselves to follow the restrictions to a large extent. The results from the multiple regressions showed a moderate negative relationship between PSS-10 and emotional stability (β=.53). A weak positive relationship between agreeableness and coping was also found (β=.24). A further finding was a weak positive relationship between coping and housing situations (β=.21), which implies that people in shared households have more functional coping and tend to use dysfunctional coping to a lower degree. Further research in this area is needed to investigate links between personality traits, stress, compliance and coping strategies in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Titel: CSR i tider av Covid-19-pandemin - En kvantitativ studie om Covid19-pandemins påverkan på svenska börsbolags CSR-aktiviteter Författare: Ellinor Gustafsson och Joel Mattsson Handledare: Torbjörn Tagesson Nyckelord: Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, Covid-19-pandemin,innehållsanalys Bakgrund: Covid-19-pandemin hade sin startpunkt år 2020 och är en kris som påverkat enskilda individer, samhällen och företag. I tidigare studierges ingen entydig indikation om hur företags CSR-aktiviteter påverkasav oförutsedda, ej företagsspecifika kriser. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka om och hur omfattningen av svenskabörsbolags CSR-aktiviteter har förändrats under den pågående Covid19-pandemin; således mellan åren 2019–2020. Forskningsfråga: Har svenska börsbolags omfattning av CSR-aktiviteter minskat/ökat eller inte påverkats under Covid-19-pandemi-året 2020 i jämförelsemed 2019? Metod: Studien har en kvantitativ forskningsstrategi och har en explorativoch explanativ forskningsansats med ett deduktivt angreppssätt. Studiens syfte uppfylls genom att utföra en innehållsanalys avsekundärdata i form av årsredovisningar och hållbarhetsrapporter från företag noterade på Stockholmsbörsen. Resultat: Studien visar att svenska börsbolags omfattning av CSR-aktiviteterdelvis ökat under Covid-19-pandemin. Omfattningen av CSRaktiviteter kopplade till den miljömässiga och den socialadimensionen av CSR visade sig öka under Covid-19-pandemin. Däremot visade sig omfattningen av totala CSR-aktiviteter samt CSRaktiviteter kopplade till den ekonomiska CSR-dimensionen varaopåverkade under Covid-19-pandemin. Kunskapsbidrag: Studien bidrar till ökad kunskap om hur Covid-19-pandemin påverkat omfattningen av svenska börsbolags CSR-aktiviteter. Detta kan ökaförståelsen för vilken effekt en oförutsedd, ej företagsspecifik krispåverkar företags arbete med CSR. / Title: CSR in times of the Covid-19 pandemic - A quantitative study of theimpact of the Covid-19 pandemic on CSR activities at companieslisted on the Stockholm Stock Exchange Authors: Ellinor Gustafsson och Joel Mattsson Supervisor Torbjörn Tagesson: Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR, Covid-19-pandemic, contentanalysis Background: The Covid-19 pandemic had its starting point in 2020 and is a crisisthat has affected individuals, societies, and companies. There havebeen no one-sided indications of how companies' CSR activities areaffected by unpredictable and non-company-specific crises in earlierstudies. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate whether and how the extentof Swedish listed companies' CSR activities has changed during theongoing Covid-19 pandemic; between the years 2019–2020. Research question: Has the extent of Swedish listed companies' CSR activities decreased /increased or not been affected during the Covid-19 pandemic year2020 in comparison with 2019? Method: The study has a quantitative research strategy and has an exploratoryand explanatory research method with a deductive approach. Thepurpose of the study is fulfilled by performing a content analysis ofsecondary data in the form of annual reports and sustainabilityreports from companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. Result: The study shows that Swedish listed companies' extent of CSRactivities partially increased during the Covid-19 pandemic. The studyfound CSR activities linked to CSR's environmental and socialdimension increased during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, theextent of total CSR activities, as well as CSR activities linked to theeconomic CSR dimension, were found to be unaffected during theCovid-19 pandemic. Contribution: The study contributes to increased knowledge of the effect that theCovid-19-pandemic has had on Swedish listed companies' CSRactivities. This study can increase the understanding of what impactan unpredictable, non-company-specific crisis may have oncompanies' work with CSR.