A pesquisa aqui desenvolvida tem como foco de trabalho a improvisação no contexto do ator performativo, abrangendo sua trajetória desde a criação até a recepção. A fim de explorar esse universo, foi desenhado um percurso baseado na pessoalidade de quem escreve: uma atriz que vive a realidade de ser também uma criadora, e se confronta com questões de ordem prática nessa relação. Portanto, essa pesquisa percorre um caminho em espiral, onde a prática estimula a teorização, e vice-versa. O pensamento desenvolvido discorre sobre o ator performativo, pois falamos de criação no contexto da performatividade, principalmente sob o ponto de vista de Josette Féral. As fontes utilizadas a fim de contextualizar a pesquisa são sempre voltadas à figura do ator, e pensadas através dele. Portanto, todo o material coletado foi horizontalizado nesse sentido, para que fosse possível fazer um recorte diante de tantos conceitos que tentam esmiuçar a realidade do teatro contemporâneo e seus procedimentos criativos. O processo de criação do ator se dá, aqui, pelo viés da recepção. Ao pensar no ator performativo, vislumbra-se então a possibilidade de, de forma subjetiva, introjetar as duas figuras criador e receptor - no mesmo ser, criando assim um ator que contém dentro de si a figura do receptor, que o impele a criar e a refletir sobre sua criação simultaneamente. Esse estado de criação questiona o ator segundo a certa vivacidade necessária ao teatro e uma conscientização diante do seu trabalho e dos seus percursos criativos. Como base da improvisação enquanto ferramenta de criação nesse contexto, a teoria utilizada como parâmetro é a dos viewpoints, desenvolvida por Anne Bogart e Tina Landau, que tem conexão imediata com a pesquisa, já que parte de princípios concretos de variação de determinada estrutura cênica, visando à organicidade dos movimentos e a concentração do criador em algo palpável, físico e dinâmico. Ao trabalho teórico, se mistura uma pesquisa minuciosa em cima dos cadernos de anotações de quatro anos de ensaios com um núcleo estável da Cia. de Teatro em Quadrinhos, dirigida por Beth Lopes, fonte primária das indagações aqui propostas. Essas anotações aparecem inseridas no trabalho como fontes ou fins de muitas questões, e conectam novamente a teoria a uma prática, já que se fala em criação do ator o tempo todo. No sentido de exemplificar mais uma vez essa relação prático-teórica, concluise com uma reflexão acerca da montagem de um espetáculo desse período, (a)tentados (originalmente Attempts on her life, de Martin Crimp), destacando suas congruências com as teorias e questionamentos desenvolvidos ao longo de toda a pesquisa. / The research that is developed here is focused on improvisation in the context of the performative actor, covering its history from creation to reception. In order to explore this universe, it designed a course based on the personality of this writer: an actress who lives the reality of being also a creator, and is confronted with the practical issues in this relationship. Therefore, this research goes a spiral path, where the practice encourages theorizing, and also the reverse. The thought developed discusses the \"performative actor\", because we speak of creation in the context of performativity, particularly from the perspective of Josette Feral. The sources, used in order to contextualize the study, are always focused on the figure of the actor, and they are thought through that figure. Therefore, all the collected material has been horizontalized accordingly to this, so we could make an indentation of so many concepts that attempt to scrutinize the reality of contemporary theater and its creative procedures. The creative process of the actor is given, here, through the reception. When thinking about the performative actor, it is foreseeable then the possibility of, in a subjective way, to introjetct the two figures - the creator and receiver in a the same being, thus creating an actor that contains within itself the figure of the receiver, which drives him to create and to reflect on their creation simultaneously. This \"state\" of creation asks to the actor about certain necessary \"liveliness\" to the theater and also about an awareness of its work and its creative paths. Improvisation is a tool for creating this context, and the theory used is the viewpoints one, developed by Anne Bogart and Tina Landau, who have immediate connection with this research, as soon they part of concrete principles of variation of certain scenic structure, aiming at an organic movement and a concentration of the creator into something tangible, physical and dynamic. In theoretical work, it is blended a detailed research over some notebooks describing four years of rehearsals with a stable core of artists, the Cia. de Teatro em Quadrinhos, directed by Beth Lopes, primary source of the questions proposed here. These notes are included in the work as sources or purposes of many issues, and they connect again the theory to practice, since they come up to creation of the actor all the time. In order to illustrate once again that practical-theoretical relation, this research concludes with a discussion about the creation of a play in that period, (a)tentados (originally Attempts on her Life, by Martin Crimp), highlighting its consistencies with the theories and questions developed throughout the research.

A pesquisa aqui desenvolvida tem como foco de trabalho a improvisação no contexto do ator performativo, abrangendo sua trajetória desde a criação até a recepção. A fim de explorar esse universo, foi desenhado um percurso baseado na pessoalidade de quem escreve: uma atriz que vive a realidade de ser também uma criadora, e se confronta com questões de ordem prática nessa relação. Portanto, essa pesquisa percorre um caminho em espiral, onde a prática estimula a teorização, e vice-versa. O pensamento desenvolvido discorre sobre o ator performativo, pois falamos de criação no contexto da performatividade, principalmente sob o ponto de vista de Josette Féral. As fontes utilizadas a fim de contextualizar a pesquisa são sempre voltadas à figura do ator, e pensadas através dele. Portanto, todo o material coletado foi horizontalizado nesse sentido, para que fosse possível fazer um recorte diante de tantos conceitos que tentam esmiuçar a realidade do teatro contemporâneo e seus procedimentos criativos. O processo de criação do ator se dá, aqui, pelo viés da recepção. Ao pensar no ator performativo, vislumbra-se então a possibilidade de, de forma subjetiva, introjetar as duas figuras criador e receptor - no mesmo ser, criando assim um ator que contém dentro de si a figura do receptor, que o impele a criar e a refletir sobre sua criação simultaneamente. Esse estado de criação questiona o ator segundo a certa vivacidade necessária ao teatro e uma conscientização diante do seu trabalho e dos seus percursos criativos. Como base da improvisação enquanto ferramenta de criação nesse contexto, a teoria utilizada como parâmetro é a dos viewpoints, desenvolvida por Anne Bogart e Tina Landau, que tem conexão imediata com a pesquisa, já que parte de princípios concretos de variação de determinada estrutura cênica, visando à organicidade dos movimentos e a concentração do criador em algo palpável, físico e dinâmico. Ao trabalho teórico, se mistura uma pesquisa minuciosa em cima dos cadernos de anotações de quatro anos de ensaios com um núcleo estável da Cia. de Teatro em Quadrinhos, dirigida por Beth Lopes, fonte primária das indagações aqui propostas. Essas anotações aparecem inseridas no trabalho como fontes ou fins de muitas questões, e conectam novamente a teoria a uma prática, já que se fala em criação do ator o tempo todo. No sentido de exemplificar mais uma vez essa relação prático-teórica, concluise com uma reflexão acerca da montagem de um espetáculo desse período, (a)tentados (originalmente Attempts on her life, de Martin Crimp), destacando suas congruências com as teorias e questionamentos desenvolvidos ao longo de toda a pesquisa. / The research that is developed here is focused on improvisation in the context of the performative actor, covering its history from creation to reception. In order to explore this universe, it designed a course based on the personality of this writer: an actress who lives the reality of being also a creator, and is confronted with the practical issues in this relationship. Therefore, this research goes a spiral path, where the practice encourages theorizing, and also the reverse. The thought developed discusses the \"performative actor\", because we speak of creation in the context of performativity, particularly from the perspective of Josette Feral. The sources, used in order to contextualize the study, are always focused on the figure of the actor, and they are thought through that figure. Therefore, all the collected material has been horizontalized accordingly to this, so we could make an indentation of so many concepts that attempt to scrutinize the reality of contemporary theater and its creative procedures. The creative process of the actor is given, here, through the reception. When thinking about the performative actor, it is foreseeable then the possibility of, in a subjective way, to introjetct the two figures - the creator and receiver in a the same being, thus creating an actor that contains within itself the figure of the receiver, which drives him to create and to reflect on their creation simultaneously. This \"state\" of creation asks to the actor about certain necessary \"liveliness\" to the theater and also about an awareness of its work and its creative paths. Improvisation is a tool for creating this context, and the theory used is the viewpoints one, developed by Anne Bogart and Tina Landau, who have immediate connection with this research, as soon they part of concrete principles of variation of certain scenic structure, aiming at an organic movement and a concentration of the creator into something tangible, physical and dynamic. In theoretical work, it is blended a detailed research over some notebooks describing four years of rehearsals with a stable core of artists, the Cia. de Teatro em Quadrinhos, directed by Beth Lopes, primary source of the questions proposed here. These notes are included in the work as sources or purposes of many issues, and they connect again the theory to practice, since they come up to creation of the actor all the time. In order to illustrate once again that practical-theoretical relation, this research concludes with a discussion about the creation of a play in that period, (a)tentados (originally Attempts on her Life, by Martin Crimp), highlighting its consistencies with the theories and questions developed throughout the research.

Si la littérature pour la jeunesse est fréquemment illustrée de dessins, qu’advient-il lorsque ces illustrations sont des photographies ? Le corpus d’œuvres pour la jeunesse illustrées de photographies, dont la recension était à peine entamée et qui s’avérait plus conséquent que supposé, requérait d’être étudié sous divers angles. L’ambition de cette thèse est de mettre en évidence les liens étroits entre les livres pour la jeunesse et l’illustration par la photographie et de mesurer les incidences des relations entre ces deux arts ou genres « mineurs », selon des perspectives historiques et géographiques larges. En circulant dans les littératures européennes et nord-américaines, de 1860 à nos jours, cette thèse démontre que la production photolittéraire pour enfants se constitue comme un véritable genre éditorial, même si aujourd’hui encore ces productions sont occultées sous l’appellation de « Littérature de jeunesse » ou, dans le monde anglo-saxon, sous celle de « Picturebooks ». Cette étude, s’inscrivant dans le champ de la photolittérature, met à jour les agencements des dispositifs phototextuels et examine comment texte et photographies s’articulent pour faire sens pour un jeune lecteur. Elle retrace aussi les liens entre quelques théories pédagogiques et la réception critique de ces ouvrages, exposant la façon dont elles sont solidaires de certaines options éditoriales. / Literature for the young is often illustrated by drawings, but what happens when the illustrations are photographs? Only recently has the corpus of photographically-illustrated children’s literature begun to be examined. It is proving to be much more extensive than had previously been imagined, and necessitates a study from several different angles. The aim of this thesis is to highlight the close links between children’s books and photographic illustration and to measure the implications of the relationship between these two arts (considered ‘minor’ from a broad historical or geographical perspective) Covering European and North American literature from 1860 to the present day this thesis shows that photoliterary production for children is in fact a publishing genre in its own right, although today many such productions are still filed under the label “Picturebooks” or in French, “Littérature de jeunesse” [children’s literature]. By invoking the field of photoliterature, this study brings to light the layout of various phototextual devices and examines how text and photographs combine to create meaning for a young reader. It also retraces the relations between certain pedagogical theories and the critical reception of these works, revealing the manner in which both are inextricably bound up with particular publishing decisions.

Cette thèse interroge les origines, les interférences et la production de la littérature comorienne d’expression française. Au confluent entre critique littéraire, historiographie anthropologique des sources et analyse des thématiques dans la création, elle questionne aussi la notion de réception dans un contexte éditorial minimaliste et où langue d’écriture et langue vernaculaire s’interfèrent. En près de 30 ans, les quelques 160 ouvrages publiés de 1985 à nos jours, laissent percer des débuts lents et difficiles. Une réalité qui sera contredite à la fin des années 90 où des maisons d’éditions, même éphémères, naissent avec pour mot d’ordre, promouvoir la littérature comorienne. Va alors s’amorcer une dynamique nouvelle inscrite par le nombre et la variété des genres édités, la multiplicité des thématiques abordées et par l’orientation des revendications littéraires d’ordre esthétique en écho à des revendications identitaires. Parallèlement, transparaît une forme de tâtonnement textuel qui laisse apparaître une dualité narrative sous-tendue dans l’organisation fictionnelle et narratologique des œuvres et mettant en place un type de personnage-pensée à l’origine d’une hybridité textuelle. Par conséquent, cette thèse procède à une forme de bilan de ces trente années d’écriture suivant deux axes d’analyse. Un axe chronologique qui fait coïncider des éléments liés à l’histoire du peuplement avec l’établissement d’une écriture pour les îles afin d’appréhender le contexte originel de production ; un axe analytique et herméneutique recoupant faits historiques et sociaux en rapport avec les objets ou motifs de production et révélant la source des interrogations des écrivains comoriens francophones. / This thesis questions the origins, interferences and the production of French-speaking Comorian literature. At the junction of literary criticism, anthropologic historiography of the source documents and thematic analysis within the creation, it also investigates the notion of reception in a minimalist editorial context where the written and the vernacular languages interfere with each other. For the past 30 years, the 160 publications that have been published, since 1985 to date, have shown slow and difficult beginnings. A trend that would be reversed from the late 1990s, where many publishing houses have emerged, even if it was quite briefly for some of them, with a shared goal: to promote Comorian literature. A new trend will then begin as proven by the number and variety of genres being published, the diversity of the themes discussed, and the direction of the literary assertions of an aesthetic angle in response to identity assertions. At the same time, a form of textual hesitation transpired, shedding a light on a narrative duality, from a narratologic and fictional organisation of the publications, highlighting a type of character-thought creating a form of literal hybridity. Therefore, As a consequence, this thesis proceeds a kind of statement from thirty years of writing according to two axis of analysis. A chronological axis matches elements which are linked to the peopling History with the establishment of a writing for the islands in order to grasp the original context of production; an analytic and hermeneutic axis matching historical and social facts related to subjects or sources of production and revealing the sources of French-speaking Comorian writers’ questionings