The purpose with this thesis is to explore the urban landscape in post-apartheid Johannesburg, investigate the concept of the growing numbers of various types of urban villages and moreover look into the open urban village of Parkhurst. The main questions that are addressed in the thesis are: How would the urban landscape in post-apartheid Johannesburg be described and which types of urban villages can be identified? What would the residents in Parkhurst explain to be the reasons for living in an open urban village and what are their opinions on safety, public space and closed urban villages? Qualitative methods were used as in observation studies and inductive in-depth interviews during the field study in Parkhurst, Johannesburg. The study shows that the concept of urban villages can create both a negative spatial situation and a positive spatial situation – depending on the type of urban village. The thesis also shows that it is possible to feel safe living in a open urban village in a city with high crime and that thoughtful design and effective management of spaces in the city are essential factors that can prevent places from becoming ‘hot spots’ for crime.

Nusikalstamumas yra negatyvus reiškinys, padarantis didelę žalą visuomenei ir kuo anksčiau bus užkertamas jam kelias, tuo mažesnis nusikalstamumo lygis bus ateityje. Visuotinai pritariama, jog nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencija Lietuvai šiandien yra aktuali. Šį prevencinį darbą vykdo ir prie jo prisideda įvairios institucijos, tokios kaip: teisėsaugos; švietimo, mokymo ir auklėjimo įstaigos; vaiko teisių apsaugos tarnybos; įvairios visuomeninės organizacijos ir kiti subjektai. Darbe nagrinėjama policijos veikla, vykdant nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencinį darbą. Lyginant Lietuvos nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo būklę su kaimyninės Latvijos, pastebėtina, kad Lietuvoje ši būklė yra blogesnė, nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo lygis didesnis. Greta to, tenka pripažinti, jog Lietuvoje vykstantys kultūrinių vertybių ir aplinkos pokyčiai, tokie kaip santuokos kaip vertybės silpnėjimas, žema tarpusavio santykių kultūra, kartų solidarumo mažėjimas, nepakankama valstybės pagalba šeimai krizių atveju, atotolio šeimos tipo (našlaičio sindromas) formavimasis skatina nepilnamečių asocialaus elgesio atsiradimą ir sudaro prielaidas nusikalstamumui didėti. Tai suponuoja siekį atidžiau įvertinti vienos iš pagrindinių – policijos – institucijų, vykdančių nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevencinį darbą, veiklos efektyvumą. Todėl darbo tikslas yra įvertinti nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo lygį Lietuvoje ir policijos pareigūnų veiklą, vykdant nepilnamečių nusikalstamumo prevenciją. Sociologinio tyrimo metu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Crime is a negative phenomenon, which makes major damage to the public, so preventing it as early as possible will lower the crime rate in the future. It is generally accepted that the juvenile crime prevention is relevant today. This preventive work is carried out and contributed by various institutions, such as: law enforcement, enlightenment, training and education, child protection services, various public organizations and other entities. This study examines police actions in carrying out juvenile crime prevention work. It is noticeable that situation in Lithuania is worse when comparing juvenile crime situation in Lithuania with neighboring Latvia - juvenile crime rates are higher. Along with this, one has to admit that changes of environment and cultural values, such as weakening meaning of marriage, low culture of reciprocal relationship, decline in solidarity of generations, lack of public support for the family crisis, family type with Parents Abroad (orphan syndrome) promotes the formation of juvenile antisocial behavior and leads to increase of crime. This implies a desire to more closely evaluate one of the key - the police - the authorities involved in juvenile crime prevention work and performance. Therefore, study objective is to evaluate the juvenile crime rate in Lithuania and police actions in the prevention of juvenile delinquency. Sociological research shows that police actions in juvenile crime prevention work effectiveness is hampered by these factors:... [to full text]

The objective of the thesis is to explore ways to assess safety in an urban context and intransport nodes. The thesis is composed of articles which aim at assessing whether safety levels vary within a city, at a public transportation network, particularly at stations, and finally making suggestions to increase safety in these environments. The analysis makes use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), statistical techniques and combines several different data sources. Fieldwork supports the data sources by presenting an investigation of the current environment at and around the underground stations in Stockholm. Regression models were used to assess the (strength) relationships between levels of crime and the socialand physical environment at underground stations. Findings show that urban crime in Stockholm municipality concentrates in stable hotspots, however, varying by type of crime, in different places at different times. A majority of the hotspots were located close to underground stations. The environment at underground stations has a significant impact on the crime levels at these transport nodes. For instance, low guardianship opportunities were related with higher crime rates, while well-illuminated and open stations showed lower crime rates. An open lay-out would provide better opportunities for guardianship, which in turn may decrease crime levels. The surrounding socio-economic composition of neighborhoods and the physical and social environment surrounding the stations affected crime levels similarly. For instance, mixed land-uses surrounding the station could be linked to increased crime rates. However, crime levels showed a varying distribution over time and space. Different stations showed different levels of crime at different times of the day, moreover, this also showed to be depended on crime type. For instance, theft wouldconcentrate at central stations at peak hours, when it is most crowded. The results include suggestions for policymakers and organizations dealing with urban safety, planning and public transportation, such as police, transportation companies and municipal planners. The results suggest that crime interventions should take into account the dynamic patterns of crime and adopt a more holistic approach taking into account the station and its surroundings. / <p>QC 20140211</p> / Safety in Transport Nodes: The Influence of Environmental Attrivutes on Crime and Perceived Safety

<p>The study introduces and puts forward Sector Policing as a model to expand Community Policing and to broaden the scope of crime prevention. It also demonstrates how Sector Policing can be utilised to decentralise policing and deepen community participation.</p>

Over the past few decades, there has been a shift in crime control discourses, from an almost exclusive focus on traditional criminal justice objectives and practices, to attention to ‘community’ and a range of strategies that seek to prevent crime and increase safety. Overall, evaluations of the community mobilization approach to crime prevention and safety conclude that these initiatives have generally demonstrated limited long-term impacts on ‘crime’ and safety at the local level. Through the ‘what works’ lens, the limits of the approach have typically been attributed to implementation challenges related to outreach and mobilization, and inadequate resourcing. Through a more critical lens, using studies on governmentality as a starting point, this study examines the mechanisms through which crime prevention and community safety became thinkable as sites of governance in Canada, and more specifically within the Community Development Framework (CDF) in Ottawa (ON). To this end, I conducted an ethnography using a triangulation of data collection methods, including extensive fieldwork and direct participant observation within the CDF. The findings of this ethnography describe in detail how the CDF emerged and unfolded (from 2008 to 2010) from a variety of perspectives. These findings show that the CDF encountered a number of common challenges associated with program implementation and community-based evaluation. However, the lack of progress made towards adhering to CDF principles and reaching CDF goals cannot be reduced to these failures alone. The CDF highlights the importance of locating the community approach to crime prevention within its wider socio-political context, and of paying attention to its numerous ‘messy actualities’. These include the dynamics and repercussions of: governing at a distance and of the dispersal of social control; the neoliberal creation and responsibilization of choice-makers; relations of power, knowledge and the nature of expertise; the messiness of the notion of ‘community’; bureaucratic imperatives and professional interests; the words versus deeds of community policing; and processes relevant to resistance within current arrangements.

Title from title page of PDF (University of Missouri--St. Louis, viewed February 16, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 178-186).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 472 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 435-472).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-206).

Thesis (D.Phil.)--University of Oxford, 2009. / Supervisor: Malcolm Deas. Bibliography: leaves 349-376.

Even though 79% of the surveyed students claim they have heard the term ``human trafficking{\crq}q, only 14% can define this term accurately. On the basis of the information obtained, a conclusion was arrived at that the level of information about human trafficking among students at Kolín-district secondary schools is inadequate. The students themselves said in their opinions that they did not have enough information about human trafficking, thus confirming this fact. The benefit and sense of this dissertation was to map the still uncharted territory of Kolín-district secondary schools from the viewpoint of human trafficking and to conduct a lecture. Compared to other issues, the prevention of human trafficking is neglected. Therefore, lectures should be conducted on this issue, which should even be integrated into the curriculum, in particular in the subjects of citizenship and the basics of social sciences.