The objective of the thesis is to explore ways to assess safety in an urban context and intransport nodes. The thesis is composed of articles which aim at assessing whether safety levels vary within a city, at a public transportation network, particularly at stations, and finally making suggestions to increase safety in these environments. The analysis makes use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS), statistical techniques and combines several different data sources. Fieldwork supports the data sources by presenting an investigation of the current environment at and around the underground stations in Stockholm. Regression models were used to assess the (strength) relationships between levels of crime and the socialand physical environment at underground stations. Findings show that urban crime in Stockholm municipality concentrates in stable hotspots, however, varying by type of crime, in different places at different times. A majority of the hotspots were located close to underground stations. The environment at underground stations has a significant impact on the crime levels at these transport nodes. For instance, low guardianship opportunities were related with higher crime rates, while well-illuminated and open stations showed lower crime rates. An open lay-out would provide better opportunities for guardianship, which in turn may decrease crime levels. The surrounding socio-economic composition of neighborhoods and the physical and social environment surrounding the stations affected crime levels similarly. For instance, mixed land-uses surrounding the station could be linked to increased crime rates. However, crime levels showed a varying distribution over time and space. Different stations showed different levels of crime at different times of the day, moreover, this also showed to be depended on crime type. For instance, theft wouldconcentrate at central stations at peak hours, when it is most crowded. The results include suggestions for policymakers and organizations dealing with urban safety, planning and public transportation, such as police, transportation companies and municipal planners. The results suggest that crime interventions should take into account the dynamic patterns of crime and adopt a more holistic approach taking into account the station and its surroundings. / <p>QC 20140211</p> / Safety in Transport Nodes: The Influence of Environmental Attrivutes on Crime and Perceived Safety

O presente trabalho analisa os fatores ambientais que influenciem e ocasionem interveniência no estabelecimento de limites geográficos ou perímetro de uma área de proteção ambiental. Essa categoria de unidade de conservação - no Brasil - cuja finalidade e objetivos não encontram exemplar em nenhum outro sistema de unidades de conservação no mundo, é um instrumento legal que, em linhas gerais, procura direcionar o desenvolvimento sustentável da área. Como contribuição ao planejamento de uso e ocupação do solo em APA, depreende-se que esta categoria de UC é importante como um dos instrumentos da política nacional do meio ambiente, por incorporar a necessidade de proteção dos recursos naturais aliada ao desenvolvimento socieconômico. Como um dos resultados, propõe-se a ponderação dos fatores ambientais que ensejam a criação da APA, realizando procedimento de análise integrada de recursos, por meio de sobreposição de informações e por meio de interseção desses atributos para, posteriormente, traçar a delimitação da categoria área de proteção ambiental devem obedecer às especificidades locais, aos objetos de proteção que se deseja obter, garantindo a identidade desta unidade de conservação e, também, aos atributos ambientais em seu tríplice aspecto: antrópico (social, econômico, político, arqueológico e cultural), físico e biológico. O estudo de caso permite um análise dos atributos que compõem a paisagem da porção norte da APA Corumbataí e sua influência na ordenação especial de seu perímetro. / The present work analyse environmental factors that cause influence for establishing geographical limits ar perimeter of an Environmental Protection Area. This category - in Brazil - whose purpose and objectives don\'t find imitation in any other protected areas system around the world, is a legal instrument that, in general, allows sustainable development of this area. As contribution to land use planning in APA, this category is important as one of Environmental National Policy instruments, for incorporating need to protect natural resources joined social and economical development. As one of results, purposes environmental factors consideration that bring opportunity to APA\'s creation, accomplishing procedure of resources integrated analysis, through spatial information\'s overlay and through attributes intersection for drawing perimeter delimitation. Therefore, criteria of Environmental Protection Area delimitation should obey local specificity, protection objectives that wants to achieve, guaranteeing identity of this protected area and, also, environmental attributes in its triple aspect: anthropic (social, economical, political, archaeological and cultural), physical and biological. Case study allowed attributes analysis that compose APA Corumbataí\'s landscape North area and its influence in spatial ordination of perimeter.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar os atributos ambientais: uso do solo, espaços livres públicos, verticalidade das edificações, cobertura vegetal e densidade demográfica, espacializando-os para definição da qualidade ambiental urbana do Distrito Baeta Neves, município de São Bernardo do Campo (SP). A base teórica da pesquisa foi fundamentada no conceito de Paisagem e a metodologia empregada para atender aos objetivos pretendidos fundamentou-se no método desenvolvido por Nucci (2001), que diagnostica e espacializa de forma integrada os atributos selecionados, considerando-os como indicadores da qualidade ambiental. Foram considerados os diferentes usos do solo e as condições do meio físico urbano, contribuindo para identificarmos as áreas críticas do Distrito. Houve predomínio de trechos com média de dois a três atributos ambientais negativos como: deserto florístico, déficit de espaços livres públicos e alta densidade demográfica. Apesar disso, a região central do Distrito obteve bons resultados no total de atributos negativos, com áreas de ausência de atributo negativo. Os índices de cobertura vegetal e de espaços livres públicos foram os fatores de maior relevância na definição da qualidade ambiental urbana do Distrito, como, por exemplo, a Vila Baeta Neves que apresentou maior quantidade de arborização de rua e menores índices de deserto florístico. Diante disso, efetuou-se a análise conjunta das cartas dos atributos selecionados, gerando a carta de qualidade ambiental da área de estudo. Posteriormente, foram propostas formas de melhoria da qualidade ambiental para o Distrito Baeta Neves e sua aplicabilidade no planejamento municipal e na elaboração de políticas ambientais que orientem a melhor ocupação do espaço urbano / This study aimed at analyzing environmental attributes such as (a) land use, (b) public open spaces, (c) vertical building, (d) vegetation coverage and (e) demographic density, while spatializing them into a definition of urban environmental quality based on the district of Baeta Neves, in Sao Bernardo do Campo (state of Sao Paulo, Brazil). The theoretical framework for this research was based on the concept of landscape, and the applied methods to reach the established goal was based on Nuccis (2001) methodological approach, which diagnoses and spatializes, fully, the selected attributes, considering them as indicators of environmental quality. I considered distinct land uses and urban physical environment conditions contributing to the identification of critical areas in the studied district. I have found large frequencies of areas with an average of two or three negative environmental attributes, such as: floristic desert, deficit of public open spaces and high demographic density. Vegetative cover and public open spaces indexes appeared as the most relevant factors in defining the urban environmental quality of the studied district. For instance, Village of Baeta Neves presented the highest quantity of street arborization and the lowest indexes of floristic deserts. Based on these elements, I carried out a joint analysis of each selected attribute map, creating the map of environmental quality for the studied area. After that, I suggested ways to improve the environmental quality of the district of Baeta Neves and, also, potential uses in city planning and development of environmental policies to better guide occupation of urban space

O presente trabalho analisa os fatores ambientais que influenciem e ocasionem interveniência no estabelecimento de limites geográficos ou perímetro de uma área de proteção ambiental. Essa categoria de unidade de conservação - no Brasil - cuja finalidade e objetivos não encontram exemplar em nenhum outro sistema de unidades de conservação no mundo, é um instrumento legal que, em linhas gerais, procura direcionar o desenvolvimento sustentável da área. Como contribuição ao planejamento de uso e ocupação do solo em APA, depreende-se que esta categoria de UC é importante como um dos instrumentos da política nacional do meio ambiente, por incorporar a necessidade de proteção dos recursos naturais aliada ao desenvolvimento socieconômico. Como um dos resultados, propõe-se a ponderação dos fatores ambientais que ensejam a criação da APA, realizando procedimento de análise integrada de recursos, por meio de sobreposição de informações e por meio de interseção desses atributos para, posteriormente, traçar a delimitação da categoria área de proteção ambiental devem obedecer às especificidades locais, aos objetos de proteção que se deseja obter, garantindo a identidade desta unidade de conservação e, também, aos atributos ambientais em seu tríplice aspecto: antrópico (social, econômico, político, arqueológico e cultural), físico e biológico. O estudo de caso permite um análise dos atributos que compõem a paisagem da porção norte da APA Corumbataí e sua influência na ordenação especial de seu perímetro. / The present work analyse environmental factors that cause influence for establishing geographical limits ar perimeter of an Environmental Protection Area. This category - in Brazil - whose purpose and objectives don\'t find imitation in any other protected areas system around the world, is a legal instrument that, in general, allows sustainable development of this area. As contribution to land use planning in APA, this category is important as one of Environmental National Policy instruments, for incorporating need to protect natural resources joined social and economical development. As one of results, purposes environmental factors consideration that bring opportunity to APA\'s creation, accomplishing procedure of resources integrated analysis, through spatial information\'s overlay and through attributes intersection for drawing perimeter delimitation. Therefore, criteria of Environmental Protection Area delimitation should obey local specificity, protection objectives that wants to achieve, guaranteeing identity of this protected area and, also, environmental attributes in its triple aspect: anthropic (social, economical, political, archaeological and cultural), physical and biological. Case study allowed attributes analysis that compose APA Corumbataí\'s landscape North area and its influence in spatial ordination of perimeter.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar os atributos ambientais: uso do solo, espaços livres públicos, verticalidade das edificações, cobertura vegetal e densidade demográfica, espacializando-os para definição da qualidade ambiental urbana do Distrito Baeta Neves, município de São Bernardo do Campo (SP). A base teórica da pesquisa foi fundamentada no conceito de Paisagem e a metodologia empregada para atender aos objetivos pretendidos fundamentou-se no método desenvolvido por Nucci (2001), que diagnostica e espacializa de forma integrada os atributos selecionados, considerando-os como indicadores da qualidade ambiental. Foram considerados os diferentes usos do solo e as condições do meio físico urbano, contribuindo para identificarmos as áreas críticas do Distrito. Houve predomínio de trechos com média de dois a três atributos ambientais negativos como: deserto florístico, déficit de espaços livres públicos e alta densidade demográfica. Apesar disso, a região central do Distrito obteve bons resultados no total de atributos negativos, com áreas de ausência de atributo negativo. Os índices de cobertura vegetal e de espaços livres públicos foram os fatores de maior relevância na definição da qualidade ambiental urbana do Distrito, como, por exemplo, a Vila Baeta Neves que apresentou maior quantidade de arborização de rua e menores índices de deserto florístico. Diante disso, efetuou-se a análise conjunta das cartas dos atributos selecionados, gerando a carta de qualidade ambiental da área de estudo. Posteriormente, foram propostas formas de melhoria da qualidade ambiental para o Distrito Baeta Neves e sua aplicabilidade no planejamento municipal e na elaboração de políticas ambientais que orientem a melhor ocupação do espaço urbano / This study aimed at analyzing environmental attributes such as (a) land use, (b) public open spaces, (c) vertical building, (d) vegetation coverage and (e) demographic density, while spatializing them into a definition of urban environmental quality based on the district of Baeta Neves, in Sao Bernardo do Campo (state of Sao Paulo, Brazil). The theoretical framework for this research was based on the concept of landscape, and the applied methods to reach the established goal was based on Nuccis (2001) methodological approach, which diagnoses and spatializes, fully, the selected attributes, considering them as indicators of environmental quality. I considered distinct land uses and urban physical environment conditions contributing to the identification of critical areas in the studied district. I have found large frequencies of areas with an average of two or three negative environmental attributes, such as: floristic desert, deficit of public open spaces and high demographic density. Vegetative cover and public open spaces indexes appeared as the most relevant factors in defining the urban environmental quality of the studied district. For instance, Village of Baeta Neves presented the highest quantity of street arborization and the lowest indexes of floristic deserts. Based on these elements, I carried out a joint analysis of each selected attribute map, creating the map of environmental quality for the studied area. After that, I suggested ways to improve the environmental quality of the district of Baeta Neves and, also, potential uses in city planning and development of environmental policies to better guide occupation of urban space

This master thesis is part of a big project at Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery (SIT) in Finspång aimed to use the operation experience available at SIT to predict the state of the gas turbines in general and some mechanical components in particular. The objective of the thesis is to continue the development of a prediction model based on experience data for estimations of a components lifetime. In a previous master thesis by Alessandro Olivi statistical analysis of environmental attributes effect on the expected lifetime of components in a gas turbine was performed. Olivi’s thesis constitutes the starting point on which to keep building to create a reliable prediction model. In this thesis extensive validation tests have been performed in order to further quantify the reliability of the model. Investigations aimed towards finding ways to further develop and improve the prediction model are carried out. The relevant new findings are applied to the model and analysis concerning improvements in the prediction accuracy is carried out. It was revealed that the model is able to make accurate predictions for most of the validation points for each failure mode, but more research is needed to obtain a completely reliable prediction model.

The objective of the thesis is to provide a better understanding of the safety conditions inurban environments, particularly related to those found in transport nodes, in this case,underground stations, and surrounding areas1. First, the study starts with an analysis of theoverall city, identifying concentrations of crime in the urban fabric and then focusing on thecriminogenic conditions at and around underground stations. The analysis combines the useof Geographical Information Systems (GIS), statistical techniques and data of different typesand sources. Regression models were used to assess the importance of the environmentalattributes of underground stations on crime rates. Findings show that violent and propertycrimes show different hotspots at different times. Crime patterns tend to follow people’sscheduled patterns of routine activity. The socio-economic composition of the surroundingenvironment of the stations has a significant impact on crime at these transport nodes, butmore important were attributes of the physical and social environment at the stations. Forinstance, low guardianship and poor visibility at the stations together with mixed land-usesin the surrounding areas induced crime rates at the stations. It is therefore suggested thatintervention to improve safety conditions at the stations should focus on a holistic approach,taking into account the station and surrounding areas, but also being aware of crimevariation on specific places at specific times. / <p>QC 20130207</p> / Safety in transport nodes: the influence of environmental attributes on crime and perceived safety

Submitted by Paulo Itapura de Miranda (paulo.itapura@uol.com.br) on 2018-09-13T11:04:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 20180913MIRANDA, P I_Pesquisa-Acao_Intervencao_Ind_Quim_Cadeia_Mineracao.pdf: 3522615 bytes, checksum: 05564e2c41b299de74dba3426ed0ebe3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-09-13T20:02:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 20180913MIRANDA, P I_Pesquisa-Acao_Intervencao_Ind_Quim_Cadeia_Mineracao.pdf: 3522615 bytes, checksum: 05564e2c41b299de74dba3426ed0ebe3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-09-14T12:51:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 20180913MIRANDA, P I_Pesquisa-Acao_Intervencao_Ind_Quim_Cadeia_Mineracao.pdf: 3522615 bytes, checksum: 05564e2c41b299de74dba3426ed0ebe3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-14T12:51:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 20180913MIRANDA, P I_Pesquisa-Acao_Intervencao_Ind_Quim_Cadeia_Mineracao.pdf: 3522615 bytes, checksum: 05564e2c41b299de74dba3426ed0ebe3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-13 / A mineração de metais é uma atividade com elevado potencial de impacto socioambiental. Com a ocorrência de incidentes com grandes repercussões, como o que aconteceu em Mariana (MG), em novembro de 2015, com o rompimento da barragem de rejeitos de Fundão, as notícias sobre as mineradoras e seus impactos passaram a ser ainda mais visíveis ao público em geral, pela ampla cobertura dos meios de comunicação e pelas sérias repercussões em um grande número de comunidades, em pelo menos dois estados da federação. Dentro desse cenário, este estudo busca analisar a cadeia de suprimentos da mineração sob a perspectiva de uma empresa fornecedora de insumos químicos, buscando identificar como as inovações socioambientais são incorporadas por esta cadeia, fazendo-se uso da metodologia de pesquisa-ação, que possibilita ao pesquisador trabalhar como agente e observador, já que é funcionário de empresa fornecedora de insumos químicos para esse mercado, e realizar intervenção em caso específico. O ambiente de diálogo da intervenção permitiu a criação conjunta de conhecimento, aprofundou o entendimento sobre a cadeia de suprimentos de mineração e sobre as potencialidades do método de pesquisa-ação. Ao longo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi possível fazer observações sobre os mecanismos de incorporação de inovações socioambientais ao mesmo tempo em que foram buscadas formas de aprimoramento da competitividade da empresa fornecedora com produtos e um racional comerciais aprimorados conforme os achados do estudo. A pesquisa mostrou que o mercado de mineração industrial de metais mostra receptividade às inovações socioambientais, tenham sido elas demandadas pelas indústrias mineradoras, propostas pelos fornecedores ou ainda desenvolvidas de forma colaborativa entre elas. A intervenção na empresa (ação) proporcionou à fornecedora ferramentas corporativas para melhora do repertório de atributos socioambientais, utilizado pelas equipes comerciais, e suas formas de utilização quando das negociações com clientes. Um exemplo de aplicação da intervenção serviu para demonstrar que a valoração econômico-financeira dos atributos socioambientais é fator importante de sucesso na melhoria de competitividade da fornecedora. / The mining of metals is an activity with high potential of social and environmental impact. Mining of metals sector suffered from the occurrence of incidents with major repercussions, such as what happened in Mariana (MG) in November 2015, with the rupture of the Fundão tailings dam. The news about the mining companies and their impacts became even more visible to the public in general, by the wide coverage of the media and the serious repercussions in a large number of communities in at least two states of the federation. Within this scenario, this study seeks to analyze the mining supply chain from the perspective of a supplier of chemical inputs, seeking to identify how this chain incorporates social-environmental innovations. The present study makes use of the methodology of action research, which enables to the researcher to work as an agent and observer, since he is an employee of a company that supplies chemical inputs for this market, and to intervene in a specific case. The atmosphere of dialogue of the intervention allowed the joint creation of knowledge deepening the understanding about the supply chain of mining and about the potentialities of the method of action research. Throughout this research work, it was possible to make observations on the mechanisms of incorporation of socio-environmental innovations while seeking ways to improve the competitiveness of the supplier company with improved products and rationales as the study finds. The research showed that the market of industrial metal mining shows receptivity to socio-environmental innovations, whether they were demanded by the mining industries, proposed by suppliers or even developed in a collaborative way among them. The intervention in the company (action) provided the supplier with corporate tools to improve the repertoire of socio-environmental attributes used by commercial teams and their use when negotiating with customers. An example of application of the intervention served to demonstrate that the economic-financial valuation of socio-environmental attributes is an important factor of success in improving the supplier's competitiveness.

Textilindustrin en av nutidens smutsigaste industrier och inte minst fast fashion-industrin haren väldigt stor negativ påverkan på miljön. Trots det framhäver marknadsföringen hos många av de största fast fashion-företagen idag hållbara produkter. Till följd av den rådandeklimatkrisen har detta uppmärksammats och bidragit till en hållbar utveckling av samhället. Hållbar utveckling är en utveckling som tillgodoser dagens behov utan att äventyra kommandegenerationers möjlighet att tillgodose sina behov. När då fast fashion-industrin revolutionerade textilindustrin på bekostnad av miljön, är det rimligt att ifrågasätta denna påstådda hållbarhethos deras produkter. Tidigare forskning har visat att hållbarhet har en positiv påverkan på konsumenters köpintention och även till viss mån specifika attribut som bidrar till detta samband. Därmed undersöks detta samband vidare med förhoppningen att det blir tydligare vilka attribut som har en inverkan på konsumenten vid önskan om att vilja köpa fast fashionplaggmed hållbara egenskaper. Genom en kvantitativ undersökning i form av en enkätundersökning samt hypotesprövningar undersöker denna uppsats fast fashionkonsumenters inställning till följande attribut: återvunna material, biologisk nedbrytbarhet, återanvändbarhet/återvinningsbarhet, miljömärkningar, socialt hållbara märkningar, ekologiska material och närliggande produktion. Resultaten visades genom flertal regressionsanalyser som samtliga påvisade ett negativt samband mellan hållbarhetsattributen och köpintention. Varavfyra av dessa var signifikanta: återvunna material, biologisk nedbrytbarhet, miljömärkningar och ekologiska material. Detta betyder att en ökning av konsumentens köpintention mot fastfashion-plagg leder till att inställningen gentemot plagg med hållbarhetsattribut minskar. Slutsatsen som dras utifrån detta är att de konsumenter som har en låg intention att konsumerafast fashion-produkter värderar hållbarhet högt. / The textile industry is one of the present day’s dirtiest industries and not least the fast fashion industry has a very large negative impact on the environment. Despite this, the marketing of many of the largest fast fashion companies today highlights sustainable products. This has been observed as a result of the current climate crisis and contributed to the sustainable development of today’s society. Sustainable development is a development that meets today's needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. So, when the fast fashion industry revolutionized the textile industry at the expense of the environment, it is reasonable to question this alleged sustainability of their products. Previous research has shown that sustainability has a positive impact on consumers' purchase intention, and further, to some extent, specific attributes that contribute to this relationship. Thus, this connection is further studied with the hope that it will become clearer which attributes have an impact on the consumer's desire to buy fast fashion garments with sustainable characteristics. By using a quantitative study in the form of a survey, and implementation of hypothesis tests this essay examines fast fashion consumers' attitudes towards the following attributes: recycled materials, biodegradability, reusability/recyclability, eco-labels, socially sustainable labels, organic materials, and production nearby. The results were shown through several regression analyzes, all of which showed a negative relationship between the sustainability attributes and purchase intention. Four of which were significant: recycled materials, biodegradability, eco-label, and organic material. This means that an increase in the consumer's purchase intention towards fast fashion-products leads to a reduction in attitudes towards garments with sustainable attributes. The conclusion drawn from this is that consumers who have a low intention to consume fast fashion products value sustainability highly. The thesis is written in Swedish.

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