Inaug.-diss.--Freiburg i. B. / "Literatur": p. 112-114.

The Issue of Pre-trial Detention in Criminal Procedure This thesis deals with the topic of the institute of pre-trial Detention. Personal freedom is a fundamental human right, but it is not unlimited. It is the detention that significantly affects this right. Both in the case of legislative process and in the application of legal instruments, it is necessary to insist on the greatest possible emphasis on the rights of persons against whom criminal procedure is being conducted. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter describes the general features of detention, especially the concept of detention, the conditions under which detention can be applied and the principles influencing the detention. The second chapter deals with the international and constitutional legal framework of detention. Topics of presumption of innocence and limits of restriction of personal freedom. The third part is devoted to a summary of the historical development of the detention in the Czech lands from the 19th century to the present day. Chapter four is focused on material aspect of law concerning detention. The individual reasons for detention are discussed, as well as the institutes alternative to detention. Special mention is given to electronic control in cases where the detention was replaced by...

The diploma thesis deals with the role of the police authority in preliminary criminal proceedings. The thesis is divided into twelve chapters which are further structured into subchapters, describing in more detail the given procedure or institute. According to the phases of preliminary proceedings, the diploma thesis is chronologically divided into the examination phase and investigation phase, describing further the police authority proceedings. The objective of the diploma thesis is particularly to describe the procedure and actions of the police authority in individual phases of preliminary proceedings and to explain its role. The content of the diploma thesis is focused on the relation of the person against whom the criminal proceedings are being conducted (i.e. the suspected or accused) and the police authority. More specifically, particularly on the procedures of the Police of the Czech Republic bodies; marginally, it mentions other bodies in the position of a police authority, as well. This is the reason the reader most often encounters in the text a comparison of the criminal proceedings adjustments and the Act on the Police of the Czech Republic, possibly with notice to their differences. In the elaborated topic, emphasis is put on the right of the accused to a fair trial, right of the...

Thesis (doctoral)--Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, 2005.

- The Issue of Pre-trail Detention in Criminal Procedure This diploma thesis deals with the problems of pre-trail detention. The issue of pre-trail detention is a current and widely discussed topic due to two main reasons. First is the very nature of pre-trail detention as a means of procedural criminal law, with which the law most intensely interferes with the personal freedom of the individual. The second reason is its development and anchoring in the Czech legal system. Pre-trial detention has very specific characteristics because it interferes with personal freedom of an individual whose guilt has not been determined by the court. Consequently, there is a conflict between the human right to personal freedom and the need for the state to ensure the proper conduct of criminal proceedings and investigation. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter deals with the concept of criminal detention itself and its role in criminal proceedings. The next chapter is dedicated to the development of the law of detention from 1873 to the present. The historical overview of the legal regulation of pre-trail detention is important for the understanding and interpretation of its perception today, and shows a gradual increase in the level of protection of human rights. The third chapter briefly...

Com o advento e o desenvolvimento da tecnologia da informação e principalmente da Internet, as infrações penais ganharam novo ambiente para sua prática. A vertente inovadora referente a esses ilícitos é o meio digital, também denominado meio eletrônico. Ocorre que, o crime informático praticado por meio da Internet é do tipo que deixa vestígio, sendo obrigatório, para se estabelecer a autoria e materialidade do ato delitivo, o exame do corpo de delito, exame este realizado por meio de perícia em meios computacionais. Embora a prova pericial seja regrada pelo Código de Processo Penal brasileiro, uma vez que se trata de meio de produção de prova típico, este regramento é extremamente genérico, não prevendo, portanto, regramento específico quanto à prova pericial em meios computacionais relacionada ao crime informático praticado por meio da Internet. Desta forma, o presente trabalho objetiva analisar a prova pericial em meios computacionais relacionada ao crime informático praticado por meio da Internet, como meio de produção de prova típico, em função do avanço tecnológico, e discutir a viabilidade de sua disciplina, de forma específica, pela legislação processual penal brasileira. A importância de se ter instrumentos legais que regulem a matéria, justifica-se não somente quanto às investigações em âmbito nacional, mas também, em âmbito internacional, o que facilitará a adesão do Brasil a Tratados e Convenções Internacionais que regulam investigações conjuntas entre Estados soberanos, visto que o crime informático praticado por meio da Internet, na maioria dos casos, tem caráter transnacional. / With the advent and development of information technology and especially of the Internet, criminal offenses have gained a new practice environment. The innovative aspect related to such illicits is the digital media, also called electronic media. As it happens, computer crime committed through the Internet is the type that leaves evidence, being that it is mandatory, to establish the authorship and materiality of the criminal act, the examination of the corpus delicti. This examination is performed by experts in computational forensics. Although the expert examination is ruled by the Brazilian Code of Criminal Procedure, since it is a typical means of generating evidence, this procedure is extremely generic and does not foresee, therefore, specific procedures about expert examination in computer crime committed through the Internet. Thus, the present work aims to examine the expert evidence on computer media, computer-crime crime committed through the Internet as a means of typical evidence, as a function of technological progress, and discuss the viability of its discipline, specifically, by the Brazilian criminal procedure law. The importance of having legal instruments governing the subject is justified not only when investigations run at national level but also internationally, what will facilitate the adherence of Brazil to international treaties and conventions governing joint investigations between sovereign states, considering that computer crime committed through the Internet, in most cases, has a transnational nature.

Com o advento e o desenvolvimento da tecnologia da informação e principalmente da Internet, as infrações penais ganharam novo ambiente para sua prática. A vertente inovadora referente a esses ilícitos é o meio digital, também denominado meio eletrônico. Ocorre que, o crime informático praticado por meio da Internet é do tipo que deixa vestígio, sendo obrigatório, para se estabelecer a autoria e materialidade do ato delitivo, o exame do corpo de delito, exame este realizado por meio de perícia em meios computacionais. Embora a prova pericial seja regrada pelo Código de Processo Penal brasileiro, uma vez que se trata de meio de produção de prova típico, este regramento é extremamente genérico, não prevendo, portanto, regramento específico quanto à prova pericial em meios computacionais relacionada ao crime informático praticado por meio da Internet. Desta forma, o presente trabalho objetiva analisar a prova pericial em meios computacionais relacionada ao crime informático praticado por meio da Internet, como meio de produção de prova típico, em função do avanço tecnológico, e discutir a viabilidade de sua disciplina, de forma específica, pela legislação processual penal brasileira. A importância de se ter instrumentos legais que regulem a matéria, justifica-se não somente quanto às investigações em âmbito nacional, mas também, em âmbito internacional, o que facilitará a adesão do Brasil a Tratados e Convenções Internacionais que regulam investigações conjuntas entre Estados soberanos, visto que o crime informático praticado por meio da Internet, na maioria dos casos, tem caráter transnacional. / With the advent and development of information technology and especially of the Internet, criminal offenses have gained a new practice environment. The innovative aspect related to such illicits is the digital media, also called electronic media. As it happens, computer crime committed through the Internet is the type that leaves evidence, being that it is mandatory, to establish the authorship and materiality of the criminal act, the examination of the corpus delicti. This examination is performed by experts in computational forensics. Although the expert examination is ruled by the Brazilian Code of Criminal Procedure, since it is a typical means of generating evidence, this procedure is extremely generic and does not foresee, therefore, specific procedures about expert examination in computer crime committed through the Internet. Thus, the present work aims to examine the expert evidence on computer media, computer-crime crime committed through the Internet as a means of typical evidence, as a function of technological progress, and discuss the viability of its discipline, specifically, by the Brazilian criminal procedure law. The importance of having legal instruments governing the subject is justified not only when investigations run at national level but also internationally, what will facilitate the adherence of Brazil to international treaties and conventions governing joint investigations between sovereign states, considering that computer crime committed through the Internet, in most cases, has a transnational nature.

El presente proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo general establecer el criterio de fiabilidad para la admisión o exclusión de la prueba prohibida en el proceso penal peruano. Ahora bien, con relación a la metodología empleada es aplicada o tecnológica, de revisión documental, teórica y bibliográfica, utilizando las técnicas de la observación, la ficha textual y las pautas de análisis documental. Entre los resultados se comprende que, en ningún momento se pretende alentar la obtención de pruebas prohibidas en el proceso penal peruano, al contrario, la jurisprudencia contradictoria demuestra el desenvolvimiento desordenado e inconsistente de la regla de exclusión y sus excepciones, considerando que, estas últimas pretenden solucionar la problemática que subyace en la aplicación de la primera. Es por ello que, no debe operar la regla de exclusión, cuando sea manifiesta la realidad de los hechos materia de investigación y no exista duda acerca de su verosimilitud, de caber la duda, opera a favor del acusado, partiendo de la premisa que el Nuevo Código Procesal Penal (NCPP) es garantista no solo para el imputado, sino también para la parte agraviada, toda vez que, ningún Estado Constitucional de Derecho puede exceptuar a la persona de dicha garantía. / The general objective of this research project is to establish the reliability criteria for the admission or exclusion of prohibited evidence in the Peruvian criminal process. However, in relation to the methodology used, it is applied or technological, of documentary, theoretical and bibliographical review, using the techniques of observation, the textual record, and the guidelines of documentary analysis. Among the results it is understood that, at no time is it intended to encourage the obtaining of prohibited evidence in the Peruvian criminal process, on the contrary, the contradictory jurisprudence demonstrates the disorderly and inconsistent development of the exclusion rule and its exceptions, considering that the latter are intended to solve the problem that underlies the application of the first. That is why, the rule of exclusion should not operate, when the reality of the facts that are the subject of investigation is manifest and there is no doubt about its plausibility, if there is any doubt, it operates in favor of the accused, based on the premise that the New Criminal Procedure Code (NCPP) is a guarantee not only for the accused, but also for the aggrieved party, since no Constitutional State of Law can exempt the person from said guarantee.

El presente trabajo de investigación trata el requisito de apariencia de delito en la prisión preventiva y la categoría procesal de la evidencia como estándar probatorio para acreditarlo. Para tal efecto, bajo el método de análisis documental, conjuntamente con la técnica del fichaje, se revisan las instituciones jurídicas más importantes relacionadas. A partir de ello, se identifica la verdadera naturaleza de la prisión preventiva que responde a criterios de eficacia y criterios garantistas, manifestados en el peligro procesal y la apariencia de delito consecutivamente. Posteriormente, se analiza los elementos de convicción para acreditar apariencia de delito en la prisión preventiva bajo la categoría procesal de la evidencia, que exige ausencia de duda que después de realizada la audiencia de juicio oral el procesado será declarado culpable de la comisión del delito. Para tal efecto, los elementos de convicción que se utilicen serán consideradas auténticas pruebas en el proceso cautelar, cuya única deficiencia es que no han pasado los filtros de calidad que permite el control de acusación y el juicio oral. Asimismo, el estándar de la evidencia permite la discusión de las tres categorías del delito. / This research work deals with the requirement of appearance of crime in pretrial detention and the procedural category of evidence as a standard of proof to prove it. For this purpose, under the documentary analysis method, together with the signing technique, the most important related legal institutions are reviewed. From this, the true nature of preventive detention is identified, which responds to criteria of effectiveness and guarantee criteria, manifested in the procedural danger and the appearance of a crime consecutively. Subsequently, the elements of conviction are analyzed to prove the appearance of a crime in pretrial detention under the procedural category of evidence, which requires the absence of doubt that after the oral trial hearing the defendant will be found guilty of committing the crime. For this purpose, the elements of conviction that are used will be considered authentic evidence in the precautionary process, whose only deficiency is that they have not passed the quality filters that allow the control of the accusation and the oral trial. Likewise, the standard of evidence allows discussion of the three categories of crime.