The purpose of this study was to analyze the influences such as age at current offense, gender, race, previous convictions, and the seriousness of crimes that contributed to the decisions received by juveniles in adult court. This study examined a secondary data set from the United States Department of Justice entitled Juvenile Defendants in Criminal Courts (JDCC): Survey of 40 Counties in the United States, 1998. The cases from these 40 jurisdictions represented all filings during one month in 75 of the most populous counties. The current study found significant differences among race, prior criminal history, current offense severity, and juveniles adjudicated in adult court. Future research should therefore continue to examine the impact of juveniles adjudicated in adult court to better inform the debate surrounding the potential dangers associated with juvenile offending and adult criminal sanctions.

Established in 1998, the permanent International Criminal Court (ICC) presents fundamental complexities for the concept of state sovereignty, while raising prospects for progressively developing international law and global governance in human security related areas. The Court's distinct history, negotiation and governance properties have significance well beyond international criminal justice. The ICC has broader implications for emerging forms of multilateral and transnational cooperation, the heightened standing and visibility of the individual person within the regulatory and protective precincts of international law, and the evolving role, capacity and disposition of the state in brokering, implementing and enforcing innovative governance arrangements. These analyses cross a number of sub-fields within international relations and global governance scholarship. A transcending dimension of my theoretical approach and intended contributions is the idea of state sovereignty as a meta-constitutive institution that fundamentally structures international law and politics, but is itself subject to subtle normative changes in its qualitative meanings and implications. As an institutional fulfillment of the post-Second World War proceedings at Nuremberg, the ICC strikingly departs from the conventional inter-national law of states. The Court seeks to uphold individual-focused human rights and humanitarian law safeguards, as reflected by the three crimes within its jurisdiction: genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Its jurisdiction over individual offenders is equally novel. The ICC is 'complementary' to national justice systems, and thus will directly administer justice only when states are demonstrably 'unwilling or unable' to conduct genuine proceedings. This distinct supranational governance format aims to facilitate national legislative and capacity-building measures to enhance the vigilance and effective functioning of domestic legal systems. The Court is the permanent organizational and normative focal point of an emerging program of enforcement and supporting efforts. More broadly, it contributes to the normative ideal and practical realization of a comprehensive and integrated global human security agenda. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Crimes against humanity have become a global concern, garnering widespread media coverage over the past decade. Boko Haram's actions pose a threat to both domestic and international security, with frequent attacks on civilians, churches, security forces, and even international organizations like the United Nations. The group's impact is felt across all 36 states of Nigeria, impacting the country's socio-political and economic development. The absence of agreement on whether non-state actors can be held responsible for crimes against humanity in the same way as states, can create a potential risk of serious crimes going unpunished. As non-state actors are increasingly gaining influence and have the capacity to plan and execute widespread atrocities, it is crucial to address this issue. This research project aims to investigate whether there is an Organizational Policy behind Boko Haram’s atrocities and how it can be categorized as committing crimes against humanity under Article 7(2)(a) of the Rome Statute.

No description available.

This thesis explores the symbolic form of a significant public building through the architectural design of an international African Criminal Court in Bloemfontein, South Africa. / Master of Architecture

<p>This paper is about the reparations regime of the International Criminal Court and reparations possibilities for victims of sexual violence. It will contain a legal analysis of the reparations system of&nbsp / the Court, including the Trust Fund for Victims of the International Criminal Court. In a second step, the needs of women who experienced conflict related violence will be examined. The central&nbsp / &nbsp / question, which this paper will try to answer, is whether the ICC reparations regime has the ability to provide gender-sensitive reparations and thus make a contribution to the improvement of&nbsp / women&rsquo / s lives in post-conflict societies.</p>

<p>This paper is about the reparations regime of the International Criminal Court and reparations possibilities for victims of sexual violence. It will contain a legal analysis of the reparations system of&nbsp / the Court, including the Trust Fund for Victims of the International Criminal Court. In a second step, the needs of women who experienced conflict related violence will be examined. The central&nbsp / &nbsp / question, which this paper will try to answer, is whether the ICC reparations regime has the ability to provide gender-sensitive reparations and thus make a contribution to the improvement of&nbsp / women&rsquo / s lives in post-conflict societies.</p>

Public, Constitutional and International Law / LL. M.

Magister Legum - LLM / This paper is about the reparations regime of the International Criminal Court and reparations possibilities for victims of sexual violence. It will contain a legal analysis of the reparations system of the Court, including the Trust Fund for Victims of the International Criminal Court. In a second step, the needs of women who experienced conflict related violence will be examined. The central question, which this paper will try to answer, is whether the ICC reparations regime has the ability to provide gender-sensitive reparations and thus make a contribution to the improvement of women’s lives in post-conflict societies. / South Africa

1 SUMMARY THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT AND ITS SUBJECT-MATTER JURISDICTION WITH REGARD TO THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION The current course of events concerning the crime of aggression and the search for its definition has undergone a remarkable shift during these days. In the light of the Revision Conference in Kampala, Uganda, whose declared aim was to evaluate the role and the up- to-date operation of the International Criminal Court as well as to find the definition of the crime of aggression and to set up the conditions to exercise the jurisdiction concerning the crime of aggression, the worldwide understanding of the conception of the crime of aggression has been significantly changed . The aim of this paper is to familiarize the reader with the problems regarding the crime of aggression, to describe the evolution of its conception in the field of international law within the last few decades and to provide the reader with a brief outline of some problematic questions which arose from the negotiations of the definition among the states. Further, the thesis attempts to depict the development of the negotiations themselves and to focus on the main disagreements, which the states had to face. The introductory chapter deals with some theoretical questions related to the international criminal justice. The...