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Mothering strategies and maternal satisfaction among Latin American, Afro American, and Anglo American groups of at-risk mothersVasquez Cespedes, Maria Elena 12 March 2009 (has links)
Parenting, one of the most complex and fulfilling roles for most human beings creates not only a sense of responsibility, but also emotions with different meanings that contribute to the level of satisfaction that parents perceive from their parental role.
Factors, other than socio-economic ones, create differences in the way people parent. And individuals from other cultural traditions may bring different values to their parenting practices.
In an effort to find commonalities and differences in parenting and trying to put them in perspective in order to improve the interventions aimed to help parent-child relationships, this study proposed to investigate the relationships, this study proposed to investigate the relationship between mothering strategies and maternal satisfaction among three different ethnic groups of at-risk mothers: Latin Americans, Afro Americans, and Anglo Americans.
The Latin American group reported supporting a lower use of physical punishment when disciplining a child than its counterparts the Afro American and the Anglo American groups. All three groups of mothers supported the use of reason as a means of disciplining when mothering their child. Most of the participants supported praising their children as a way of mothering. And, the majority of them disagreed with the use of permissive ways of mothering their children.
The results from regression procedures suggested that ethnic group membership and the use of reason were the best predictors of maternal satisfaction. These results are discussed as well as implications for clinical practice. / Master of Science
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The murderous woman: madness in four modern western and Chinese stories by woman.January 2000 (has links)
by Lui Sha-Lee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-149). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Ideological Implications of “Madness´ح in Western and Chinese Culture --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Madwoman as the Murderous Daughter: Kitty Fitzgerald's Marge and Tie Ning's The Cliff in the Afternoon --- p.36 / Chapter Chapter Four --- "Madwoman as the Murderous Wife: Elsa Lewin's I, Anna and Li Ang's The Butcher ´ةs Wife" --- p.83 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Conclusion --- p.121 / Notes --- p.134 / Works Cited --- p.143
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A Study of Compensation for Face-Threatening Acts in Service Encounters in Japan and the United StatesMurakami, Miki 01 January 2011 (has links)
This study examines how people compensate for their inability to accommodate the needs of others in service encounters. Being unable to meet others' needs violates the positive face of one of the participants in a discourse. Many previous studies on speech acts demonstrate how people control their utterances to avoid causing a face-threatening act. However, the language behavior that follows a face-threatening act has not yet received much focus. This paper looks at two different kinds of data in Japan and the United State (hereafter "U.S.") using two different approaches: observation and role-play. In the first, the observational phase, the author acted as a customer in several convenience stores in Japan and asked for an item that they did not carry. In the U.S., a native English speaker interacted with the salesclerk as the customer. (No recording device was used in either situation.) All exchanges were immediately recorded by hand and later coded by semantic formulas. In the second, the role-play phase, native speakers were asked to role-play a parallel situation in which they acted as a salesclerk and had to react to not being able to satisfy customers' requests. The results demonstrate that Japanese sales clerks compensate in the face of their inability to meet another's need (they avoid a direct face-threatening act) whereas most U.S. sales clerks do not attempt to compensate for their inability. These behaviors correlate with social expectations of the participants within both respective service encounters. Moreover, the results also suggest a re-thinking of speech acts and emphasize the importance of natural data.
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A comparison of coping strategies of ethnically diverse football playersPlaatjie, Mzwandile Ronald 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD (Sport Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Stress and coping are complex phenomena that are not always fully
understood. They are psychological factors that impinge on individuals
and people’s responses in dealing with them are described and
interpreted in various ways. This study compared the coping strategies
used by football players from ethnically diverse backgrounds. The aim
was to explore the role that the environment, ethnicity and culture play
in players' responses to stressful situations.
A sample of 33 players was drawn from a professional club in the
Professional Premier Soccer League in the Western Cape, Republic of
South Africa. Subjects were representative in terms of race, age, years of
experience and playing positions. Eleven black, coloured and white
players for each group were selected for individual interviews. Their ages
ranged between 15 and 32 years.
An interpretive-qualitative research methodology was employed. Semistructured
interviews and a biographical questionnaire were used as
tools to gather information. The data were analyzed using interpretive
analysis or the immersion crystallization method.
The results revealed that football players were exposed to stress and
there were differences and similarities in the way they conducted
themselves. The similarities were recorded on matters related to match
situations e.g., pressure to perform, inclusion in a starting line-up, and
unruly behavior of supporters. Differences were cited on issues related to
language, culture, financial matters, poor playing conditions, negative
evaluation of the team by others, losing matches, referees' decisions and
being away from home. These differences were found both between and
within ethnic groups. Players' perceptions of stress showed that black players were
experiencing more stress than the other two ethnic groups and white
players were experiencing far less stress than the other two groups.
Despite this finding, the majority of players reported to have been in
control of stressful situations. The perception of lack of control was
reported by black and coloured players only. It appeared that
background experience of stressful events was producing greater
psychosocial consequences for non-white players than white players.
The football players used multiple strategies to cope with their sport
challenges and there were both differences and similarities within and
between the ethnic groups in the use of these strategies. Subjects used
problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, passive coping, and
avoidance coping in stressful situations. Problem-focused coping and
emotion-focused coping were the dominant strategies employed by all
three groups. Passive coping and avoidance coping were the lesser-used
strategies and were employed by the three groups in situations where
players felt that they could not exert control e.g., playing conditions or
dubious referees' decisions. Self-criticism, not blaming others, adopting a
negative approach, substance use/abuse and turning to religion were the
strategies that appeared only in specific groups. This finding supports
the hypothesis of differences in strategies related to differences in ethnic
backgrounds.
It was also revealed that football players were responding differently to
stressful challenges that were presented at the different stages of the
match. The dominant strategies used at the pre-match stage by the nonwhite
group were: planning and preparation, relaxation, praying,
focusing and concentration. At the same stage, white players used mostly
focusing, concentration and planning. There were strong similarities
between the groups in the use of these strategies. During the match stage, non-white players used active coping, positive approach,
suppression of competitive activities, focusing and concentration. White
players used similar strategies including emotional expression and
mental disengagement.
Different strategies were employed by players during the match stage,
most of them being problem-focused strategies. In the post-match stage
players used less-dominant coping strategies. Some strategies were used
by players in all three ethnic groups and others appeared in specific
groups only, e.g., substance use (coloured group) and passive thinking
(white group).
The study further revealed that coping strategies could be classified
either as sport or non-sport related. A variety of sport-related strategies
were found mostly during the pre-match and match stages. The nonsport
related strategies appeared mostly during the post-match stage and
were used mostly by non-white players.
Concerning the processes involved in the selection of strategies, the
study revealed that thought-out processes, automatic processes,
influence of experience and a combination of processes were used to
identify and select coping strategies. Processing of information was a
preferred option used by the three groups of players to identify strategies
and very few players used automatic processes. Between-group
differences were found in the relationship between environmental
background and previous experience and the players' selection of coping
strategies. For black and coloured players this influence related mostly
from factors outside their home environment. For white players it came
from within their home situations. The study showed that factors that affected the players in selecting
coping strategies, were both intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic factors
included personal safety and protection, performance, self-control and
personal experience. Extrinsic factors included stress, influence of
others, institutional influences, social background, pleasing others,
family obligation, opponents and research. White players used intrinsic
and extrinsic factors with equal frequency. Non-white players on the
other hand, used fewer intrinsic factors than extrinsic factors. The
results also showed that relatively less-experienced players were inclined
to use achievement motivation as a determining factor. Black players
were influenced by one other factor that did not appear in the other
groups, that is, family obligations.
Finally, exhaustion, cultural differences, language, absence of a family
support structure, peer pressure, home circumstances, communication,
diet, substance use/abuse, being in a new environment, personality
differences and high expectations were identified as factors that restrict
the use of coping strategy. Exhaustion and cultural differences appeared
across all three groups. Group differences were however observed in
language, absence of a family support structure, peer pressure, home
circumstances, high expectations, and absence of compliments. These
restrictive factors were experienced differently within and between the
three ethnic groups and originated from exposure, challenges, and
experiences that players encounter in their daily life situations.
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Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Community Sample of Women: Examination of the Role of Violence and EthnicityVogel, Laura C. M. 08 1900 (has links)
The purpose of the current study was to examine Dutton's (1992) model of moderating and mediating variables which may impact the relationship of violence from an intimate partner with the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. This model was tested within three ethnic groups (African American, n = 303, Euro-American, n = 271, and Mexican American, n = 260), of low income, community women in serious, long-term relationships. The importance of the differences and similarities observed are discussed within a framework of the PTSD as well as domestic violence literature.
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Stress in Parents of Children with ADHD vs Depression: a Multicultural AnalysisWalker, Cyndi D. (Cyndi Dianne) 08 1900 (has links)
Parents of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are often reported as experiencing more stress than parents of normal children. The bulk of this research has been conducted primarily on a Caucasian population, however, providing little information regarding multicultural aspects of parenting stress. Research has also been lacking in attention given to the stress related to parenting a child with internalizing disorders.
The purpose of this study was 1) to compare parenting stress reported by mothers of children with ADHD to parenting stress reported by mothers of children with depressive disorders, and 2) to compare parenting stress as reported by Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic mothers.
Results indicated that mothers of ADHD children experienced more parenting stress related only
to their children's hyperactive and distracting behaviors. Contrary to previous research, Caucasian mothers reported significantly more overall and parent-related parenting stress than African American mothers.
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Gesinsfaktore en suksesvolle hantering van adolessente lewenseise : 'n kruiskulturele studie22 October 2015 (has links)
M.A. (Psychology) / Noller and Callan ( 1991) are of opinion that the success with which the adolescent copes with the main tasks of adolescence is determined by the family environment. Any failure of the adolescent to cope with his developmental tasks effectively, will prevent him from coping successfully with life's demands in future, and cause psychological and social problems (Jooste, 1989). The purpose of this cross-cultural study was to investigate those family qualities that contribute to successful coping with demands of life. The investigation was done within different culture groups as well as within different socio-economic status (SES) groups ...
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Family social support and work-family conflict amongst working married women: a cross-cultural study.January 2009 (has links)
Mohinani, Nimishaa. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-42). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / work-family conflict --- p.1 / Social support and work-family conflict --- p.2 / Outcome variables --- p.4 / Child status --- p.7 / Cultural component --- p.7 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Method --- p.13 / Participants --- p.13 / Measures --- p.13 / Data analysis --- p.15 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results --- p.17 / WFC and outcome variables --- p.17 / Moderating impact of culture --- p.17 / "Ethnicity, child status and levels social support" --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussion --- p.27 / References --- p.33 / Footnotes --- p.43
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Got Hair that Flows in the Wind: The Complexity of Hair and Identity among African American Female Adolescents in Foster CareMitchell Dove, Lakindra Michelle 22 May 2015 (has links)
African American children are disproportionately over-represented in the child welfare system. Many of these children linger in the system and experience disconnection from their biological families, communities, cultural beliefs, values, and practices. Familial socialization and cultural exposure are essential to developing a positive ethnic identity and self-concept. For African American female adolescents, hair and hair care are critical areas for such socialization and support. This qualitative study explored the hair and hair care perceptions and experiences of African American female adolescents in foster care. The goal was to examine hair and hair's connection to, and influence on, sense of self and self-esteem for African American female adolescents in foster care.
Eleven African American female adolescents participated in individual interviews, and grounded theory was used to analyze the data. Four major themes emerged: hair care, perception of hair and identity as an African American female, societal influences on self-awareness, and influence of the foster care system. Results from the study indicated African American female adolescents in foster care identify hair as important. Participants noted hair is connected to appearance and shapes who they are and how they view themselves as African American females. Participants addressed the complexity of hair and politics associated with hair. The findings further emphasized the role of racial socialization and the importance of a supportive hair care environment. Participants also discussed their awareness of societal influences on their perception of African American women. They offered recommendations for improving the hair care experiences of African American children in foster care, for supporting positive development of identity and self-esteem, and for implementing standards of practice that will ensure these youths' cultural needs are addressed in the child welfare system.
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Insights into Chinese youth culture : a comparison of personal values of Chinese and American college studentsSu, Wan 06 May 1992 (has links)
Schwartz and Bilsky (1987, 1990) constructed a universal
psychological structure for cross-cultural studies of motivational
dynamics. To test this structure, Simmons (1991)
adapted data from a twenty year broad-based value survey of
student cohorts at an American university. The availability
of reliable, long-term data on American students permitted a
comparison with responses of contemporary Chinese college
students to a standardized personal value questionnaire.
Ratings and priorities assigned by the Chinese and American
students differed significantly. Chinese students emphasized
Achievement, Maturity, and Prosocial motivational domains.
American students emphasized Self-Direction, Security, and
Enjoyment. Tradition, Power, and Stimulation were listed as
least important for both groups. The effects of traditional
Chinese religious and philosophical teachings on the stability
of community norms were noted, as was some evidence of
priority shifts in the values for Chinese youth, suggesting
changes in response to altered political and economic expectations
in China. / Graduation date: 1992
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