A cana-de-açúcar constitui uma das principais fontes de alimento e de energia renovável no mundo. Entre os fatores bióticos que reduzem sua produtividade, destaca-se o carvão, doença causada pelo fungo biotrófico Sporisorium scitamineum, cujos danos à cultura podem ultrapassar 80%. No entanto, poucos estudos foram desenvolvidos sobre a genética desse patógeno. Assim, o presente trabalho estudou a dinâmica de marcas RFLP associados à região subtelomérica (tel-RFLP) e marcas GFP em três populações do patógeno (a, b e c) obtidas em ciclos sucessivos da doença. A população a inicialmente foi formada pela inoculação com teliósporos F1 oriundos do isolado 39 produzido em trabalho anterior (REIS, 2012). As populações b e c foram produzidas inicialmente por cruzamentos controlados. Estes envolveram como parentais esporídios haploides de tipos de reação sexual compatíveis e perfis tel-RFLP conhecidos. Na população b os esporídios parentais (18A e 39B) foram isolados de teliósporos distintos, apresentaram perfis tel-RFLP mais contrastantes e simularam fecundação cruzada. Na população c, os esporídios parentais 39Agfp e 39Bgfp apresentaram perfis tel- RFLP mais semelhantes. Esses mutantes foram obtidos pela inserção heteróloga do gene gfp em esporídios obtidos de um único teliósporo simulando autofecundação (reação sexual intra-tétrade). A comparação entre os perfis de tel-RFLP dos esporídios selvagens e mutantes GFP detectou a inserção do gene gfp possivelmente na região subtelomérica do individuo 39Agfp (parental). A cada ciclo da doença teliósporos selvagens e mutantes GFP foram obtidos, sendo isolados dois esporídios para os cruzamentos controlados que levaram à produção do ciclo seguinte de doença. O uso de cruzamentos controlados possibilitou a produção de teliósporos idênticos geneticamente, permitindo inferir sobre eventos meióticos ocorrentes numa mesma progênie. A fenotipagem sexual dos esporídios que tiveram os perfis de tel-RFLP analisados reduziu o viés advindo do desvio da segregação esperada de 1:1 entre os tipos sexuais de esporídios pertencentes à mesma divisão meiótica. Além disso, auxiliou na detecção de recombinantes, visto que os loci de reação sexual segregam na meiose I. A análise das marcas tel-RFLP das progênies mutantes GFP e selvagens, obtida respectivamente em 1 e 2 ciclos da doença, evidenciou eventos de recombinação na segregação de cromossomos homólogos e eventos de recombinação homóloga. Mesmo apresentando número elevado, as marcas tel-RFLP foram capazes de rastrear indivíduos pertencentes a uma mesma população, o que poderá auxiliar em futuras avaliações epidemiológicas do carvão da cana-de-açúcar. Por fim, a expressão do gene gfp em células de pró-basídios mutantes possibilitou a detecção de recombinação homóloga associada a essa marca e a observação inédita de tétrades lineares de quatro células para essa espécie. Observou-se elevado potencial de utilização do gene gfp em estudos genéticos aplicados a esse patossistema. A recombinação sugerida na região subtelomérica mostrou frequência de recombinação ainda não descrita para essa espécie a ser estudada posteriormente. / Sugarcane is a major source of food and renewable energy in the world. Among the biotic factors that reduce its productivity we highlight the sugarcane smut disease, caused by the biotrophic fungus Sporisorium scitamineum, whose damages to the crop can overpass 80%. However, few genetic studies have targeted this pathogen. Thus, the present work studied the dynamics of RFLP marks associated to the subtelomeric region (tel-RFLP) and GFP marks of three populations of the pathogen (a, b and c) obtained from consecutive disease cycles. Population a was initially formed with inoculation using teliospores F1 from the whip 39 obtained in previous work (REIS, 2012). Populations b and c were initially produced by controlled crosses of sexual compatible haploid sporidia with known tel-RFLP profiles as parents. In population b the parent sporidia (18A and 39B) were isolated from distinct teliospores, had more different tel-RFLP profiles (7 polymorphic marks) and simulated outcrossing. In population c, the parental sporidia 39Agfp and 39Bgfp had more similar tel-RFLP profiles. These mutants were obtained by heterologous insertion of gfp gene in sporidia obtained from single teliospore, simulating selfing (intra-tetrad mating type). The comparison between wild-type and GFP mutant sporidia tel-RFLP profiles had detected the gfp gene insertion in the subtelomeric region of the individual 39Agfp (parent). For each disease cycle wild-type and GFP mutant teliospores were obtained and two sporidia were isolated to perform controlled crosses that lead to the next disease cycle. The use of controlled crosses resulted in the production of genetically identical teliospores, which allowed inferring about same progeny meiotic occurring events. The sexual phenotyping of the sporidia that had their tel-RFLP analyzed reduced the bias resulted from deviation of expected 1:1 ratio segregation among the mating types of same meiotic division progeny. Besides, it helped in the recombinants detection, due to mating type loci segregation in meiosis I. The analysis of wild-type and GFP mutant progenies tel- RFLP marks, obtained for 2 and 1 disease cycles, has pointed out events of homologous chromosomes recombination and crossing-over events. Despite of the high amount of marks obtained, the tel-RFLP marks allowed the tracking of individuals from the same population, which can benefit future sugarcane smut disease epidemiologic evaluations. Moreover, the gfp gene expression of mutant probasidium cells led to the detection of crossing-over involving the GFP mark and the first observation of linear four-cells tetrads to this species. A high potential use of gfp gene in genetic studies applied to this pathosystem was observed. The recombination suggested for the subtelomeric region showed a recombination frequency haven\'t described for this species that needs to be further studied.

Master of Science / Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering / James M. Steichen / Military maneuvers involve effectively moving soldiers and equipment across training lands, and this often involves crossing streams. Fording of streams by military vehicles poses a potential for degradation of stream habitats through change of bank angle or excess shear of stream banks and the resultant generation of excessive quantities of sediment, possibly exceeding Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) limits for water quality downstream. This study examines the impact of low water fords on stability of six stream reaches at Fort Riley. Streams with constructed low water fords were mapped and classified according to Rosgen Stream Classification System (1996). Results indicate that some of these streams exhibit some level of instability, which includes bed form changes, accelerated stream bank erosion and backwater pool formation in the vicinity of stream crossings. Poorly constructed fords may act as dams disrupting the transport of sediment along the stream reaches, posing a potential shift in stream equilibrium. Another factor contributing to stream instability is sediment generated from upland areas and routed through approach roads leading to stream crossing sites. The sediment deposited into streams at these crossing locations is a water quality concern, and again poses the potential of disrupting stream equilibrium. Field observations indicate that poorly located stream crossings can alter the direction of stream flow, causing bank erosion on areas immediately below stream crossings. This demonstrates the importance of locating stream crossings on stable locations along a stream reach. Some of the stream reaches also show signs of success ional change. These stream changes have direct implications on the low water fords on Fort Riley. As a result of these stream changes, there will be need to constantly modify the designs and construction techniques of the low water fords in order to accommodate changes in stream dimensions, pattern and profile. Finally, criteria for site selection, design and construction of low water fords are discussed.

The goal of the diploma thesis is a design of the reconstruction of the Solnice railway station in aim to fulfil the requirements for the movement of persons with reduced mobility. It was necessary to design platforms with a height of the platform edge 550 mm above rail level in that context. Furthermore the increased length of tracks as well as a modification of the connection of sidings of Škoda company and of the timber plant was required. There was also included the design of reconstruction of drainage system of railway tracks.

The aim of the diploma thesis is the reconstruction of the railway station Krahulov in aim to fulfil the requirements for people with limited mobility. In connection with the change of the platform was resolved adjustment rails and drainage while maintaining a connection to an adjacent sidings.

The diploma thesis deals with the reconstruction of the railway station Žďárec u Skutče. The station is situated on the track Havlíčkův Brod – Pardubice-Rosice nad Labem. The aim of the reconstruction is to design the platform so that it meets the requirements of mobility-impaired persons. The work deals with track layout adjustments, the reconstruction of both the subgrade and the permanent way and the design of drainage. Also a bill of quantities and costs estimates were reckones.

The aim of the diploma thesis is design of the Vsetín railway station reconstruction according to the current operation and the requirements for persons with reduced mobility. The two new double face island platforms with the height of 550 mm above the top of rail is designed. Further, the speed in passing running lines and also the curves in front of Polanka throat of the station is increased.

The aim of thesis is to design a reconstruction of railway station Studenec, so it would suit current and future traffic. The main purpose of reconstruction is increasing the line speed. The reconstruction reflects on requirements for persons with reduced mobility under applicable legislation.

This thesis focuses on the reconstruction design of Uničov railway station. The aim was to create a solution which would satisfy both traffic and passenger requirements. The design puts an emphasis on a compliance with applicable laws and standards, simplicity and usefulness. New constructions were designed for maximum safety. Railway station accessibility for disabled persons played an important role in the design. In comparison with the original state, the permissible line speed was increased and new platforms and drainage system were designed.

No description available.

<p>The main contributions of this thesis include two points: firstly, we originally establish Complex STM to semi-analytically calculate the mode profiles of multi-layer planar waveguide terminated with both PML and PRB ; secondly, although CMMM has been generally applied to the simulation of waveguide facets, Bragg gratings, etc[52-53], we for the first time demonstrate that CMMM can also be utilized for the modeling of couplings of radiation field outgoing perpendicularly to the waveguide axis with an incident wave launched in the examples of high-index-contrast waveguide crossings and corners. CMMM is proved to be able to estimate the field profiles and power flows accurately through the validation with FDTD.</p> / <p>Optical waveguides are basic building blocks of high-density photonic integrated circuits and play crucial roles in optical access networks, biomedical system, sensors and so on. Various kinds of dielectric waveguides apply the total internal reflection condition to transmit optical field [9] and even more complicated structures based on waveguide interconnects, Bragg grating, photonic crystals are actively developed by corporations and academic institutes. Especially, the fast developing pace of Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD), Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and other fabrication techniques has predicted the increasing complication and thus more advanced function of modern optics integrated circuits. Under such circumstances, convenient and accurate modeling and simulation schemes are necessary for the exploration, designing and optimization of photonic devices, systems and networks before the time-consuming and expensive fabrication process.</p> <p>The thesis summarizes several frequency-domain modeling schemes for the calculation of mode profile or beam propagation in 2D dielectric waveguide. The thesis mainly covers conventional Smooth Transition Method (STM), High Order Finite Difference (HOFD) scheme, Complex STM, and Complex Mode Matching Method (CMMM) based on the 2D waveguide model terminated with Perfect Matching Layer (PML) and Perfect Reflection Boundary (PRB). The mode spectrums and modal patterns obtained from Complex STM are compared with those of HOFD, and the simulation of waveguide crossings and corners with CMMM is validated with Finite-Difference-Time-Domain (FDTD) Method.</p> <p><strong> </strong></p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)