Televised cruelty has become more severe in recent years likely in an attempt to pique the interest of viewers desensitized to its milder forms. Following the recent empirical interest in research dedicated to televised violence, which encompassed the typical, physical realm of cruelty, little research has focused on the psychological forms of cruelty demonstrated on television. Specifically, no research has examined the extent to which teasing, humiliation, gossip, ridicule, and verbal abuse, the five constituents of Caputo, Brodsky, and Kemp's (2006) definition of "ordinary cruelty," are perceived and enjoyed. A pilot study was conducted to narrow a pool of videos selected for their apparent content of ordinary cruelty. After the calculation of satisfactory estimates of reliability, summative scores were used to select the clips with the highest cruelty ratings: American Idol and Maury. Both videos were used in an experimental investigation of ordinary cruelty on television. Specifically, participants were divided into two groups: each group read a vignette, but the victim's deservingness was high in one group and low in another. Afterwards, all participants watched the same video clips and answered questions related to sympathy, empathy, parasocial identification, and other just world correlates. Belief in a Just World for Others (BJW-0) has been shown to be an index of harsh social attitudes. II was hypothesized that participants who have a high BJW-0 should enjoy the suffering of a deserving victim while not enjoying the suffering an undeserving victim, as the latter would present a threat to their beliefs. This hypothesis was marginally supported when measures were combined across both clips used within the study, but not for each individual clip separately. Sympathy is defined as expression compassion for another's suffering, while empathy is defined as experiencing one's emotions as though they were one's own. Both sympathy and empathy were hypothesized to be positively related to being victimized in the past, having no prior experience with the show, to perceiving oneself as similar to the victim, to not having committed victimization in the past, and to not perceiving oneself as similar to the perpetrator. The results partially supported these hypotheses, and the implications are discussed. Also hypothesized was that parasocial interaction, the feeling of closeness with the television character, with the victim would relate to less enjoyment, having a low BJW-O, and the victim's deservingness. However, none of these hypotheses were supported. Parasocial interaction with the host, however, significantly predicted enjoyment of the show. Results and limitations of the study overall are discussed as well as implications for Just World Theory.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-05-22T10:38:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rodrigo Peixoto Barbara - 2017.pdf: 2301704 bytes, checksum: f4ba0c98b2ea5cea2c9f830b6a1c4b21 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-22T10:43:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rodrigo Peixoto Barbara - 2017.pdf: 2301704 bytes, checksum: f4ba0c98b2ea5cea2c9f830b6a1c4b21 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T10:43:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rodrigo Peixoto Barbara - 2017.pdf: 2301704 bytes, checksum: f4ba0c98b2ea5cea2c9f830b6a1c4b21 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Theater of Cruelty is an Artaudian artistic manifestation that shook the representative Western aesthetic bases by returning the ritual, magic and life suppressed by Western theater to the performing arts, also highlighting controversial subjects / themes silenced by a ruling class, similarly as Friedrich Nietzsche and Gilles Deleuze did with their philosophical thoughts. In view of this, it is proposed with this Master's Dissertation, to (un)fold this Theater of Cruelty having as a theoretical subsidy, besides the studies of Antonin Artaud, the investigations of Nietzsche, Deleuze and some other rebellious thinkers. Through this unfolding, one studies the possible cruel plot given by the Philosophy-Art-Life conjunction and of that, the link between Tragedy, Dionysus and the Artaudian Theater. In view of this panorama, one wonders: what unites these cruel-artist thinkers? What do Nietzsche's Tragedy and the god Dionysus lend to the Theater of Cruelty of Artaud? To this end, the theoretical clause presented here rests on the attempt to account for a study that shows the rhizomatic agreement between these three thinkers and subversive thoughts having as central axis the Theater of Cruelty. Therefore, this theater is staged to propose a connection between Artaudian Cruelty and the revolutionary powers of the Nietzschean and Dionysian tragic. / O Teatro da Crueldade é uma manifestação artística artaudiana que estremeceu as bases estéticas representativas ocidentais devolvendo às artes cênicas o ritual, a magia e a vida suprimida pelo teatro ocidental, evidenciando, também, assuntos/temas polêmicos silenciados por uma classe dominante, similarmente como fizeram Friedrich Nietzsche e Gilles Deleuze com seus pensamentos filosóficos. Diante disso, propõe-se com essa Dissertação de Mestrado, (des)dobrar esse Teatro da Crueldade tendo como subsídio teórico, além dos estudos de Antonin Artaud, as investigações de Nietzsche, Deleuze e alguns outros pensadores rebeldes. Por intermédio desse desdobramento, estuda-se a possível trama cruel dada pela conjunção Filosofia-Arte-Vida e, a partir dessa, o enlace entre Tragédia, Dioniso e o Teatro artaudiano. A partir desse panorama apresentado, pergunta-se: o que une esses pensadores artistas-cruéis? O que a Tragédia de Nietzsche e o deus Dioniso emprestam ao Teatro da Crueldade de Artaud? Para tanto, o recorte teórico que aqui se apresenta repousa na tentativa de dar conta de um estudo que mostre o acordo rizomático entre esses três pensadores e pensamentos subversivos tendo como eixo central o Teatro da Crueldade. Logo, esse teatro se faz palco para propor uma ligação entre a Crueldade artaudiana e as potências revolucionárias do trágico nietzschiano e do dionisíaco.

The overall aim of the study is to investigate how 12 Years a Slave can help raise awareness among upper secondary students about racism and to inspire sympathy with the characters presented in passages regarding the cruelty and injustice of slavery. The study is based on literary didactics methods, applied to the textual analysis of the passages, to create a hypothetical scheme for teachers that can be used to work with slave narratives in the classroom. The analysis of the passages, in conjunction with the literary didactics methods used, provides methods through which students may increase their awareness of racism and sympathize with the characters in the book by creating their own plays, reenacting the cruelty committed against slaves. Also, when dealing with the injustice of slavery, students can imagine themselves being present even though they will not be able to experience it physically. This may help students sympathize with the main character and help them understand racism from the victim’s point of view.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the legal regulations related to the protection of animals against cruelty. Many jurisdictions around the world have enacted statutes which forbid cruelty to animals because of the recognition of an animal's ability to feel pain. I also tried to summarize also the legal sources in European as well as in our legislation. The thesis is composed of four chapters, each of them dealing with different overview of animal cruelty laws. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis. The chapter is subdivided into four parts. These parts deal with philosophical claims about the status of animals and the first tendency to protect them. Part Four focuses on animal welfare. Animal welfare is the viewpoint that all animals, especially those under human care, should be treated in such a way that they do not suffer unnecessarily. Chapter Two reports on international protection of animals. Many organizations all around the world are trying to convince governments and key decision makers to change practices and introduce new laws to protect or improve the welfare of animals. The most important Conventions signed by the member states of the Council of Europe are mentioned. Chapter Three is concerned with the European Union and its approach to...

This thesis deals with the legislation related to the protection of animals against cruelty. The focus is mainly given to the present legislation, though the historical development is mentioned as well. The international and european legislation is resumed in the thesis as the european legislation has signifiant impact on the czech one. However the utmost focus is given to the czech legislation. The fundamental legal regulation in the domain of protection animals against cruelty is Act No. 246/1992. The main aim of this thesis is to provide comprehensive review of legislation, which concerns with the given domain of law and its projection into the practice.

English abstract I chose theme of my Master's degree thesis because it's actual because of the situation in society and new Civil Code, which changes legal status of animal. The purpose of my thesis is to analyze legal status of animal in Czech law, particularly in criminal law. I want to think about it, if is actual legislation sufficient, about problems and propose possible solutions. The thesis is composed of nine chapters. Chapter one is devoted to animal legal status in Czech law. It is divided into four subchapters, which are deal with explanation of the concept of animal, its legal status, its protection instruments and in the last subchapter is deal with animal legal status by the new Civil Code. Chapter two is focuses on public animal protection in general. In Four subchapters I summarize animal legal status in public law, constitutional framework, legislation in administrative and criminal law. Chapter three is devoted to Act No 246/1992 Coll., on the protection of animals against cruelty. Four subchapters are deal with purpose of this Act, definition basic concepts, administrative delicts and authorities of animal protection. Chapter four is called Criminal law protection of animals. This chapter has six subchapters, and in these I am thinking of causes of "new" Criminal Code, its purposes, its...

周昌龍. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院傳播學部. / Manuscript. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 1-7 (2nd group)). / Zhou Changlong. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan chuan bo xue bu. / Chapter 第一章 --- 研究說明 / Chapter 第一節 --- 問題和界說 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 本研究的特點及研究範圍 --- p.8 / Chapter 第三節 --- 研究方法 --- p.11 / Chapter 第四節 --- 理論和界說 --- p.15 / Chapter 第三章 --- 香港電影的發展模式 / Chapter 第一節 --- 香港電影模式的特點 --- p.21 / Chapter 第二節 --- 香港政府對電影的態度 --- p.25 / Chapter 第三節 --- 香港電影的娛樂傾向 --- p.31 / Chapter 第四節 --- 電影在本地市場上的競爭 --- p.38 / Chapter 第五節 --- 香港暴力電影的發展歷史及其特質 --- p.51 / Chapter 第三章 --- 暴力電影產生的商業背景 --- p.83 / Chapter 第一節 --- 暴力電影的製作成本 --- p.83 / Chapter 第二節 --- 暴力電影的市場及賣座情況 --- p.93 / Chapter 第三節 --- 結論 --- p.104 / Chapter 第四章 --- 暴力電影的製作技巧和吸引力 --- p.112 / Chapter 第一節 --- 技術改良和暴力電影的發展 --- p.113 / Chapter 第二節 --- 導演怎樣使暴力電影更吸引觀眾 --- p.121 / Chapter 第三節 --- 結論 --- p.137 / Chapter 第五章 --- 暴力電影的執行製作者 / Chapter 第一節 --- 執和製作者在影片製作上的地位 --- p.141 / Chapter 第二節 --- 導演製作暴力電影的客觀因素 --- p.149 / Chapter 第六章 --- 總結 / Chapter 第一節 --- 傳播者對社會的責任 --- p.187 / Chapter 第二節 --- 香港暴力電影的市場競爭力 --- p.190 / Chapter 第三節 --- 香港電影事業的特殊發展環境 --- p.197

Animal welfare has emerged as a pervasive concern in modern international law. The purpose of this study is to situate the international legal principle protecting the welfare of animals within the broader framework of international law. The study uses a constructivist model to develop a theory of the place of animal welfare in the international legal regime that has due regard for cultural differences and the diversity of international society. The historical antecedents for an obligation to protect animal welfare in various global cultures are considered. The argument posits an internationally recognized principle of humane treatment of animals based on a test of necessity, in accordance with which the infliction of suffering on animals can only be justified by balancing means against ends. It proposes that Canadian criminal law on animal cruelty, particularly as it relates to animals raised for food, is inconsistent with this internationally recognized principle.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal