Mémoire (M.A.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1997. / Ce mémoire a été réalisé à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi dans le cadre du programme de maîtrise en arts plastiques de l'Université du Québec à Montréal extentionné à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Münster, 1981. / Vita. Includes index. Bibliography: p. 171-175.

Les nombreux récits courts publiés par la comtesse de Pardo Bazán offrent un vivant témoignage des préoccupations littéraires et sociétales d’un auteur toujours soucieux de connaître les courants littéraires européens. La cruauté est au centre de ce travail : le constat d’une insistance pour les descriptions de corps meurtris et ensanglantés, la prédilection de doña Emilia pour les tonalités dramatiques et tragiques engagent une réflexion autour du pouvoir tout à la fois réformateur et fascinant de l’écriture de la souffrance. Le premier temps de cette étude vise à situer l’écrivain au sein des lettres cruelles : le naturalisme, le roman russe, le genre policier, la tradition du conte fantastique et des faits-divers constituent un terreau littéraire cruel dont s’est nourri l’auteur. Notre intérêt se portera ensuite sur la poétique de la cruauté dans les récits courts : les recensements lexicaux, la mise en évidence de répétitions et d’invariants mettront en lumière la création d’un « effet cruel » au pouvoir parfois prophylactique. C’est enfin par le prisme d’une étude psychanalytique que nous étudierons notre corpus : le sang et les souffrances sont le témoignage d’images obsédantes et de fantasmes révélateurs d’un matériel psychique enfoui d’une grande éloquence pour appréhender une écriture de l’excès. et fascinant de l’écriture de la souffrance. Le premier temps de cette étude vise à situer l’écrivain au sein des lettres cruelles : le naturalisme, le roman russe, le genre policier, la tradition du conte fantastique et des faits-divers constituent un terreau littéraire cruel dont s’est nourri l’auteur. Notre intérêt se portera ensuite sur la poétique de la cruauté dans les récits courts : les recensements lexicaux, la mise en évidence de répétitions et d’invariants mettront en lumière la création d’un « effet cruel » au pouvoir parfois prophylactique. C’est enfin par le prisme d’une étude psychanalytique que nous étudierons notre corpus : le sang et les souffrances sont le témoignage d’images obsédantes et de fantasmes révélateurs d’un matériel psychique enfoui d’une grande éloquence pour appréhender une écriture de l’excès. / The numerous short narratives published by Countess Pardo Bazán present us with a vivid testimony of the literary and societal considerations of an author who took great care at being aware of the European literary trends. Cruelty lies at the core of this work, with an emphasis laid on the description of bruised and bloody bodies and Doña Emilia’s partiality for dramatic and tragic tones. This triggers a reflection revolving around the writing of suffering, with both its reformative and mesmerizing power. The first part of this study aims at positioning the writer amidst cruel humanities- id est, naturalism, the Russian novel, the detective genre, the tradition of fantasy tales and of new-items. They constitute the literary roots on which the author drew.The focus will then be laid on the poetic devices of cruelty in short narratives. The semantic fields, the unraveling of repetitions and permanent features will highlight the creation of “a cruel effect”, the apex of which sometimes ends up being prophylactic. Last but not least, the corpus will be studied through the spectrum of psychoanalysis. Blood and suffering indeed testify to the pregnance of obsessive images and fantasies. Their presence unravels a psychic web intertwined with great eloquence, so as to convey the writing of excess.

English abstract This diploma thesis deals with tort liability in the area of animal protection. It summarises international legislation, EU legislation and also the Czech one. At the beginning, it deals with the definition of essential terms such as definition of an animal and its categorisation and introduction into the issue. It provides insight not only into the status of animal in public law but also into its status in private law. Subsequently, it analyses liability, its elemental features and classification. Afterwards, is describes important international treaties, including the conventions of the Council of Europe. At the EU level, discusses primary legislation, secondary legislation and conceptual tools. The part of the thesis which concerns Czech law focuses on the Act no. 246/1992 Coll., on protection of animals against cruelty, where it emphasises on administrative offences concerning this area. Also mentioned are some other acts regarding the animal protection. In conclusion, it does not forget to define crimes in the area of animal protection and against animals and subsequent sanctions.

Additionally, images of animals alone immediately increased attitudes regarding treatment of animals. This difference does not appear to increase further over time. Images of animals alone appear to aid in immediately altering individuals' sense of continuity with animals. The attitude that animals and humans share some commonalities and exist in relation to each other could assist in adoption campaigns by allowing the potential owners to place themselves with the animals they are adopting. However, over time information combined with images of humans and animals significantly increase this sense of commonality. The applications for the results depend on what type of attitude one desires to change and how soon the change has to occur. The present research reveals that images appear to affect attitude change regarding companion animals and the way they are treated more than text information.; Companion animals now serve as more than tools for human use, they have become family. Many individuals now spend increasingly more money on animals than in years past and are more likely to acknowledge the animal as a family member. With this change in roles many humans have become more empathetic to animal cruelty. Studies have been conducted to examine various aspects of animal cruelty and how it relates to humans. However, few have examined attitude change regarding animal abuse. If attitudes can be positively changed in adults, these individuals are in a position to pass the information onto their children. Adults are also currently in the position to make changes in legislature regarding humane treatment of animals. An experiment was conducted which examined adults' attitudes toward animal abuse and whether they can be changed. Text information was examined as a variable for attitude change. Additionally visual aids in the form of photographs were used in conjunction with and separate from the text information as variables. Two types of photographs were used: images of companion animals by themselves or the same animals accompanied by adult humans. The text information used was adapted from an ASPCA presentation obtained, with permission, from the Orange County ASPCA. The power point presentation included information on the connection between animal violence and violence toward humans, how to help stop animal cruelty and how to report it. Six conditions were created using the three variables. It was found that pictures have an immediate effect on attitude change and information affects individuals in certain measures but not others. On all measures, images had more of an effect than information alone. Only when the text was accompanied by a picture, did it produce a significant change. Attitudes regarding the treatment of animals saw an immediate increase in both conditions in which images of humans and animals were present.

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The current study examines the association of macro-level economic factors and the creation or enactment animal cruelty laws across the states at a fixed time. Criminologists have postulated that economic factors influence the legal system (Chambliss and Seidman, 1971). This thesis addresses whether state-level economic and related macro-level factors influences the amount and types of state animal cruelty legislation lawmakers enact. To do so, this thesis examined animal cruelty legislation and their association with measures of agricultural and farm production, Democratic Party, Republican Party, and pro-animal interest groups across all states of the United States for the time period (2012-2013). Findings suggested that three out of the four variables had significant relationships. The Democratic Party had the strongest relationship, but only Animal interests groups had a significant positive relationship. In all, this study explores how economic influence can influence the creation of animal cruelty legislation. Furthermore, the study opened up theoretical methods for more comprehensive analyses on the creation of law.

Prior to the streetcar lines being electrified in the late 1800s, equines pulled the cars. The quadrupeds that pulled the horsecars in New Orleans, Louisiana, were area specific: New Orleans had mules, not horses. The mule in the South is typically associated with the rural South; however, in nineteenth century urban New Orleans the mule played an integral part in daily commerce and society. New Orleanians admiration for the animals turned into concern when the rigors of work became apparent to the public, as mules suffered from the abuses of drivers, the seedy practices of street railway companies, malnutrition, and exhaustion. As a direct result, the Louisiana Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was established and many New Orleanians took to defending the voiceless laborers. Animal rights, not the drive for more modernity, was the central factor to convince the city to electrify the street railway

Legal protection of farm animals against cruelty The thesis deals with the protection of farm animals against cruelty and its main goal is to evaluate the current state of legislation in this field, with respect to both theory and praxis. The thesis comprises of five chapters excluding introduction and summary. The summary sums ups all the findings introduced in the thesis and presents de lege ferenda ideas. The first two chapters define basic terms crucial for the topic and also introduce the historical basis of farm animal legal protection. The current legislation is dealt with at first at the international and European level in chapter three. More attention is naturally given to legal protection of farm animals in the Czech Republic, especially to enforcement of the farm animal protection laws. This enables the thesis to eventually evaluate how effectively farm animals are protected by law in our country. Chapter number five tries to answer the fundamental question behind this thesis; is the current legislation at such a level that would ensure that farm animals are indeed protected against cruelty and that would ensure their good welfare? The thesis uses knowledge from scientific fields such as ethology to be able to answer this question and evaluate the practical impact of the legislation on animal...

Background: Ethical consumerism is no longer a niche market and consumers are increasingly aware of the power they have when purchasing ethical and believe they can make a change. Most corporations have realized the importance of being ethical and incorporate it into their business strategies. Therefore, it is important to study consumers’ ethical purchasing patterns and which factors affect their intentions to purchase. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to test which of the following factors: social media, attitude, altruism, environmental knowledge, and financial factors, has a positive influence on female millennials, in Jönköping, purchasing intention towards cruelty-free cosmetic products. Method: This study was based on a conceptual framework which intended to test the most relevant constructs influencing ethical purchase intention, as proposed by previous researchers and theory. Hence, this paper follows a deductive approach which used quantitative methods to fulfil the purpose of this explanatory research. The data was gathered through a survey answered by 108 female millennials regarding their purchasing of cosmetics. Conclusion:   Both factors, attitude and environmental knowledge had a direct positive effect on consumers purchase intention towards cruelty-free cosmetics. The study provides empirical support for an indirect effect of altruism on purchase intention since the analysis showed that altruism had a direct effect on attitude. However, social media and financial constructs did not show any significant support for its positive effect on purchase intention in the empirical findings in this study.