The credit crunch that started the 9th of August 2007 is generally viewed as the most significant crisis to affect the financial markets and the global economy since the 1930s.The UK financial sector was heavily hit by the crisis which resulted in a dry up in lending and left a black hole in the British banks‟ finances. During the last quarter of 2010 the GDP shank unexpectedly with 0.5 percent from the third quarter which created concerns about going back into the recession. Contrarily, for Swedish economy 2010 was an impressing year with an unexpected GDP growth of 7, 3 percent in the last quarter.The purpose of this study is to analyse how the finance crisis has affected the leading banks‟ performance within the two countries and see whether the differences in values can explain the difference in GDP growth during the last quarter of 2010. The analyse is performed through a financial ratio analysis of the different banks.The final results of the research indicates to that the Swedish banks have been more profitable, have had a more secure and higher quality of lending and more capacity to lower cost related to income than the British banks. The more distinctive negative influence is mostly based on the larger amount of credit losses the British banks had to experience which contributed to their significant decrease in earnings per share which created scepticism on the credit market followed by a severe slowdown in consumption and in GDP growth. Since the credit losses never got to same levels in Sweden as in the UK the scepticism of the Swedish banking system did not affect the reduction in credit use and house prises to the same extent and GDP growth could recover back to normal levels sooner than in the UK.

The subprime mortgage crisis (SMC) is an ongoing housing and nancial crisis that was triggered by a marked increase in mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures in the U.S. It has had major adverse consequences for banks and nancial markets around the globe since it became apparent in 2007. In our research, we examine an originator's (OR's) nonlinear stochastic optimal control problem related to choices regarding deposit inflow rates and marketable securities allocation. Here, the primary aim is to minimize liquidity risk, more speci cally, funding and credit crunch risk. In this regard, we consider two reference processes, namely, the deposit reference process and the residential mortgage loan (RML) reference process. This enables us to specify optimal deposit inflows as well as optimal marketable securities allocation by using actuarial cost methods to establish an ideal level of subprime RML extension. In our research, relationships are established in order to construct a stochastic continuous-time banking model to determine a solution for this optimal control problem which is driven by geometric Brownian motion. In this regard, the main issues to be addressed in this dissertation are discussed in Chapters 2 and 3. In Chapter 2, we investigate uncertain banking behavior. In this regard, we consider continuous-time stochastic models for OR's assets, liabilities, capital, balance sheet as well as its reference processes and give a description of their dynamics for each stochastic model as well as the dynamics of OR's stylized balance sheet. In this chapter, we consider RML and deposit reference processes which will serve as leading indicators in order to establish a desirable level of subprime RMLs to be extended at the end of the risk horizon. Chapter 3 states the main results that pertain to the role of stochastic optimal control in OR's risk management in Theorem 2.5.1 and Corollary 2.5.2. Prior to the stochastic control problem, we discuss an OR's risk factors, the stochastic dynamics of marketable securities as well as the RML nancing spread method regarding an OR. Optimal portfolio choices are made regarding deposit and marketable securities inflow rates given by Theorem 3.4.1 in order to obtain the ideal RML extension level. We construct the stochastic continuoustime model to determine a solution for this optimal control problem to obtain the optimal marketable securities allocation and deposit inflow rate to ensure OR's stability and security. According to this, a spread method of RML financing is imposed with an existence condition given by Lemma 3.3.2. A numerical example is given in Section 3.5 to illustrates the main issues raised in our research. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Applied Mathematics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The subprime mortgage crisis (SMC) is an ongoing housing and nancial crisis that was triggered by a marked increase in mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures in the U.S. It has had major adverse consequences for banks and nancial markets around the globe since it became apparent in 2007. In our research, we examine an originator's (OR's) nonlinear stochastic optimal control problem related to choices regarding deposit inflow rates and marketable securities allocation. Here, the primary aim is to minimize liquidity risk, more speci cally, funding and credit crunch risk. In this regard, we consider two reference processes, namely, the deposit reference process and the residential mortgage loan (RML) reference process. This enables us to specify optimal deposit inflows as well as optimal marketable securities allocation by using actuarial cost methods to establish an ideal level of subprime RML extension. In our research, relationships are established in order to construct a stochastic continuous-time banking model to determine a solution for this optimal control problem which is driven by geometric Brownian motion. In this regard, the main issues to be addressed in this dissertation are discussed in Chapters 2 and 3. In Chapter 2, we investigate uncertain banking behavior. In this regard, we consider continuous-time stochastic models for OR's assets, liabilities, capital, balance sheet as well as its reference processes and give a description of their dynamics for each stochastic model as well as the dynamics of OR's stylized balance sheet. In this chapter, we consider RML and deposit reference processes which will serve as leading indicators in order to establish a desirable level of subprime RMLs to be extended at the end of the risk horizon. Chapter 3 states the main results that pertain to the role of stochastic optimal control in OR's risk management in Theorem 2.5.1 and Corollary 2.5.2. Prior to the stochastic control problem, we discuss an OR's risk factors, the stochastic dynamics of marketable securities as well as the RML nancing spread method regarding an OR. Optimal portfolio choices are made regarding deposit and marketable securities inflow rates given by Theorem 3.4.1 in order to obtain the ideal RML extension level. We construct the stochastic continuoustime model to determine a solution for this optimal control problem to obtain the optimal marketable securities allocation and deposit inflow rate to ensure OR's stability and security. According to this, a spread method of RML financing is imposed with an existence condition given by Lemma 3.3.2. A numerical example is given in Section 3.5 to illustrates the main issues raised in our research. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Applied Mathematics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.