Foi realizado um estudo experimental da influência do ultra-som terapêutico na regeneração do nervo ciático submetido a esmagamento controlado, em ratos. Foram empregados no estudo 20 ratos da linhagem Wistar, de peso médio em torno de 250 g, divididos em dois grupos, conforme o tipo de procedimento realizado: 1) somente esmagamento, dez ratos; e 2) esmagamento e irradiação com ultra-som, 10 ratos. Sob anestesia, o nervo ciático era exposto na coxa direita do animal e esmagado com um dispositivo especialmente idealizado e confeccionado para essa finalidade, com uma carga fixa de 15 Kg, por 10 minutos, num segmento de 5 mm proximal à sua bifurcação. A irradiação com o ultra-som pulsado (1:5, freqüência de 1 MHz, intensidade de 0.4 W/'CM POT.2', duração de 2 minutos) era iniciada já no primeiro dia pós-operatório e realizada por dez dias consecutivos. Os resultados foram avaliados pela análise funcional da impressão plantar dos animais obtidas numa pista de marcha e determinação do índice funcional do ciático (De Medinaceli e Bain, Mackinnon e Hunter), e pela morfometria, através do cálculo da densidade de fibras nervosas, após sacrifício dos animais no vigésimo primeiro dia pós-operatório. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise estatística e mostraram que, nas condições do trabalho, o ultra-som acelerou a regeneração do nervo, demonstrável com significância no vigésimo primeiro dia pós-operatório / An experimental study of the influence of therapeutic ultrasound on the regeneration of the sciatic nerve submitted to controlled crush injury was carried out in rats. Twenty female Wistar rats weighing 250 g on average were used and distributed in two groups according to the procedure: 1) crush injury only, ten rats; 2) crush injury followed by ultrasound irradiation, ten rats. Under general anesthesia the sciatic nerve was exposed on the right thigh and crushed with a device especially devised and built for that purpose, with a 15 kg constant load for 10 minutes, affecting a 5 mm-long segment of the nerve proximal to its bifurcation. Pulsed ultrasound irradiation (1:5, 1 MHz frequency, 0.4 W/'CM POT.2' intensity, 2 minutes duration) was started the day after the operation and repeated for ten consecutive days. The results were evaluated by functional footprint analysis and determination of the sciatic functional index (DeMedinaceli's and Bain, Mackinnon and Hunter's methods) at weekly intervals, and by morphometry (nerve fiber density) of the resected sciatic nerve after killing the animals on the 21st postoperative day. Results were submitted to statistical evaluation and showed that, in the conditions of the study, ultrasound accelerated nerve regeneration, as demonstrated with significance on the 21st postoperative day

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Introduction: Les implants dans le système nerveux périphérique (SNP) peuvent potentiellement restaurer les capacités sensorielles et motrices chez les patients avec des amputations des membres supérieures. Cependant, la réaction à un corps étrangers affecte significativement la fonction à long-terme et la biocompatibilité de ces systèmes avec le temps. Le dendrimère (DND) et la Poly-D-Lysine (PDL) sont deux polymères synthétiques qui peuvent potentiellement améliorer la performance de ces implants. Pour cette étude, notre objectif est de déterminer si ces polymères peuvent promouvoir la formation d’éléments présynaptiques sur des surfaces synthétiques in vivo dans un modèle animal. Méthodes: Pour l’étude in vivo, nous avons utilisé un modèle d’écrasement du nerf sciatique chez le rat. Des billes enduites de DND et PDL et contrôle ont été injectées dans le nerf sciatique aux sites d’écrasement et 5 mm distaux au site d’écrasement. Après 4, 6 et 8 semaines, les nerfs ont été retirés et marqués avec des anticorps spécifiques au neurofilament et à la synaptophysine. Nous avons ensuite compté le nombre d’éléments présynaptiques retrouvant sur la surface de chaque bille pour toutes les conditions. Pour l’étude de l’électrode, deux électrodes ont été implantées dans le nerf sciatique du rat. Nous avons ensuite effectué des enregistrements nerveux à chaque semaine, et le potentiel d’action dans le nerf a été mesuré en variant uniquement la largeur de l’impulsion. Résultats: L’étude in vivo a démontré que les billes enduites de DND pouvaient promouvoir une accumulation significative de synaptophysine sur leurs surfaces comparé aux billes contrôles de 4 à 8 semaines. À 4 semaines, les billes dans la condition DND avaient également une accumulation de synaptophysine significativement supérieure à celles dans la condition PDL pour le site distal à l’écrasement. L’étude de l’électrode a démontré que les deux électrodes pouvaient stimuler et acquérir des signaux nerveux du nerf sciatique jusqu’à 1 et 2 semaines respectivement avant de ne plus fonctionner. Conclusion: Les résultats de notre étude suggèrent que DND possède une propriété à promouvoir la synaptogenèse qui est supérieure à PDL in vivo et que notre modèle d’électrode peut être utilisé pour évaluer la stabilité du signal des implants SNP. / Background: Implants in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) can potentially restore sensory feedback, improve motor control and alleviate phantom-limb pain in upper-limb amputees. However, nervous system implants have poor long-term function and biocompatibility when implanted into the body due to foreign body reaction. Dendrimer (DND) and Poly-D-Lysine (PDL) are two synthetic polymers with properties that could improve the performance of these interfaces. In my masters’ research, my objective is to determine whether these synthetic polymers could promote the formation of presynaptic elements on artificial surfaces in vivo making intraneural implants more biocompatible and long-lasting. Methods: In the coated microsphere in vivo experiment, a nerve crush injury model in the rat was used for the study. PDL-coated, DND-coated and uncoated beads were injected into the rat sciatic nerve at the crush site and 5 mm distal to the crush site. The nerves were then harvested after 4, 6 and 8 weeks and stained for neurofilament and synaptophysin. Synaptophysin puncta were then counted on the bead surface for each group. Additionally, in a proof-of-concept experiment, two uncoated electrodes were implanted into the rat sciatic nerve. Nerve recordings were then performed every week, and the threshold nerve potential in the sciatic nerve was measured by only varying the pulse duration of the stimulation. Results: The coated microsphere in vivo experiment demonstrated that DND-coated microspheres had a significantly higher number of synaptophysin puncta around their surface from 4 to 8 weeks compared to uncoated beads. At 4 weeks, the DND condition also showed a significantly higher number of synaptophysin puncta around its microbeads vs. the PDL condition for the distal site. In the uncoated electrode in vivo experiment, the results showed that the two implants could stimulate and record threshold nerve potentials in the rat sciatic nerve for one week and two weeks respectively before being non-functional. Conclusion: Our study showed for the first time that DND has a stable synapse-promoting property that is superior to PDL in vivo and that our electrode design can be used to assess the long-term signal stability of peripheral nerve implants.