A pesquisa Reabilitação do Museu: Políticas de Inclusão Cultural por meio da Acessibilidade investiga a relação museu e pessoas com deficiência analisando as teorias e práticas voltadas à ação cultural e programas inclusivos. Investiga também os conceitos de inclusão e acessibilidade em relação ao museu e à mediação cultural, utilizando para tanto os depoimentos de integrantes dos dois lados do sistema pesquisado: pessoas com deficiência representando o público beneficiário e gestores das instâncias pública e privada representando os museus e instituições culturais. A finalidade desta dissertação é demonstrar a necessidade de uma nova forma de atuação institucional que leve em consideração o direito e o desejo das pessoas com deficiência em se beneficiarem com o acesso à cultura, à arte e ao patrimônio cultural, o que implica conseqüentemente, em novas estratégias de mediação e acesso à informação na gestão de equipamentos culturais. A pesquisa oferece subsídios práticos e teóricos para a implantação de políticas culturais que promovam o acesso à informação, ao patrimônio e às atividades culturais para pessoas com deficiência e mobilidade reduzida, com a possibilidade de extensão destes benefícios para outros públicos. / The research Rehabilitation of Museum: Policies of Cultural Inclusion through Accessibility investigates the relationship between museums and people with disabilities by the analysis of practices and theories about cultural actions and inclusive programs. Also investigate the accessibility and inclusion concepts in relation to museums and cultural mediation using for this objective the testimony of people representing the two sides of this system: people with disabilities the target audience, and directors and cultural agents of public and private museums and cultural institutions. This research aim to show the necessity of a new way of institutional action that consider the desire and rights of people with disabilities in have benefits with the cultural, artistic and heritage access, that force this spaces to develop new forms of mediation and access to the information in the administration of this spaces . The research offer practical and theory subsidy to the creation of cultural politicies to promote access to information, heritage and cultural activities for people with disabilities and reduced mobility, with the possibility of extension of this benefits for other visitors.

M.Ed. / The White Paper on the provision of education in the RSA (1983: 3) has made proposals for a new policy framework on issues of ownership, governance, finance and legal categories of schooling. On launching the White Paper (1993) on Education Provision, Prof. Sibusiso Bhengu (Minister of Education) (Learning Press No 7:712/03/1993:49) said that S.A. has never had a truly national system of education and training and does not have one yet. He added that the White Paper describes the process of transformation in education and training so that a system serving all our people, democracy and the RDP can come into existence. According to the ANC Discussion Document (1994:50) the upgrading of the teacher's quality will improve their competence. The country needs a dynamic system with a clear mission and sufficient scope to perform it. The ANC Discussion Document (1994: 50)states that teacher preparation and development would be the cutting-edge of educational

Cette thèse a pour ambition de comprendre et de restituer la grammaire d’action de la médiation culturelle. Alors que ce champ présente des contours flous, notre recherche propose une définition sociohistorique de ces activités, dont le développement doit être rapporté à la reconfiguration du projet de démocratisation de la culture. Cette thèse décrit la topographie d’un champ traversé par des mouvements de professionnalisation complexes et partiellement contradictoires. Un grand nombre de dispositifs de médiation ont été observés et analysés au prisme d’une double interrogation portant d’une part sur les formes et d’autre part sur le sens de l’action. Cette double interrogation permet de faire apparaître des problèmes propres à la reconnaissance des actions de médiation et à la définition respective des objets à transmettre (oeuvres d’art, expérience esthétique, pratiques artistiques ?) et des destinataires à construire (quels publics ?). Elle permet également de comprendre comment les médiateurs construisent leur activité comme une activité de transformation des rapports aux autres et à soi, dotée d’un sens et d’une utilité sociale et civique dont le terme « éthique » rend compte. Ces analyses contribuent à éclairer les processus subjectifs d’engagement dans le travail et d’actualisation du rapport aux valeurs tout en éclairant les ressorts propres de l’action des dispositifs de médiation. Les enquêtes de terrains ont été menées dans différents secteurs (spectacle vivant, cinéma, beaux-arts) et auprès de différentes institutions (théâtre de l’Odéon, Parc de la Villette etc.), associations (CEMÉA, Chroma-Zebrock) ou dispositifs d’éducation artistique (Ecole au cinéma). / This PhD dissertation aims to understand and render the “action grammar” of cultural mediation. While the limits of this field are hazy, this work presents a socio-historical definition of this type of activity, the development of which is ascribed to the reframing of the cultural democratization project. This PhD describes the topography of a field crisscrossed by complex and partially contradictory professionalization trends. A large number of mediation devices are observed and analyzed through a double angle: on the one hand, that of the forms, and on the other hand, that of the meaning of these projects. This double questioning unveils problems which are specific to the acknowledgment of mediation projects and to the definition of both the objects that are to be communicated (art works, aesthetical experience, artistic practice) and those at the receiving end (which audiences are targeted?). It also allows us to understand how mediators (educators) construct their activity as a transformation of the relationship to others and to oneself, endowed with meaning and with social and civic usefulness, conveyed by the term “ethics”. This is a contribution to the understanding of subjective processes of work commitment and of the enactment of the relation to values, while shedding light on mediation devices' action mechanisms. The fieldwork was carried out in various settings (performing arts, film, plastic arts) and in different institutions (Théâtre de l’Odéon, Parc de la Villette etc.), associations (CEMÉA, Chroma-Zebrock) or artistic education projects (Ecole au cinéma).

La réception de la littérature française en Pologne dans les années 1944-1956 est placée sous le signe de l'idéologie et de la politique provenant du fait du changement de régime politique à l'issue de la guerre, suite à la mainmise de Staline sur l'Europe Centrale et Orientale. L'installation progressive du régime communiste régit l'introduction dans la culture du dispositif politique à forte composante idéologique visant à créer les conditions de gestion de la culture directement par le parti communiste polonais. Cela s'est traduit, d'une part, par le contrôle de la production du papier, des imprimeries, la disparition progressive des éditeurs privés, et la mise en place de la gestion centralisée et de la planification, et, d'autre part, par la politique culturelle annonçant la démocratisation de la culture. La réception de la littérature française des siècles passés s'inscrit dans le processus de la création du nouveau canon littéraire marxiste, pour l'inclure dans le projet de "démocratiser" la culture. D'où les rééditions, dès 1946, de grands réalistes français du XIXe s., dans la première période de réception (1944-48), marquée par le débat sur le réalisme dans la littérature dans la nouvelle presse littéraire. La présence de la littérature française du XVIIIe et du XIXe dans ce vaste débat sert à illustrer la théorie marxiste de la littérature, dans un premier temps basée sur le concept du grand réalisme de G. Lukacs, ensuite, dans la deuxième période de réception (1949-56), faisant directement référence à la critique soviétique. Les deux périodes de réception ont donc été marquées par les rééditions à grande échelle des "classiques progressistes" français, suivant le modèle soviétique, servant directement à réaliser l'objectif de former la nouvelle intelligentsia issue des classes sociales privées auparavant d'accès à la culture. En parallèle, la réception importante des oeuvres des écrivains communistes français et des compagnons de route, et la critique virulente des existentialistes, confirme la thèse de dominante idéologique et politique de cette réception. / The precise study of the reception of French literature in Poland in the years 1944-1956 will show us that it is biased towards ideology and politic due to the nature of the change of the political regime after the war, following Stalin's grip on Central and Eastern Europe. The gradual installation of a communist regime strain the introduction of the politic with a strong ideological component, in culture, in order to create the conditions for culture management directly by the Polish communist party. The consequences, on one hand were the control of paper production and printing houses, the gradual blurring of private publishers, and the establishment of centralised management and planning, on the other hand was the installation of a precise cultural policy brandishing the democratisation of culture. The reception of French literature of past centuries is in the process of creating the new Marxist literary rule, to be the literary "progressive" canon and to include it in the project of "Popularization" of culture, hence the reissues in 1946 of great French realists of the nineteenth century, in the first reception period (1944-48), marked by the debate on realism in literature in the new literary press. The presence of French literature of the 18th and 19th centuries in this broad debate, serves to illustrate the Marxist theory of literature, initially based on the concept of great realism developed by G. Lukacs, and then, in the second reception period (1949-56), makes direct reference to Soviet criticism. Both periods have been emphasised by the large-scale editions of "progressive classical" French, following the Soviet model, being used directly to achieve the goal of training, and influencing the new intelligentsia coming from the popular classes who did not have access to culture before. In parallel, reception of a large quantity of works of French Communist writers and from fellows travellers, and the virulent criticism of the existentialists, confirms the thesis of ideological and political dominance of such receipt.

Après avoir partagé les politiques culturelles majoritairement actives en trois modèles et modes afin dedéfinir ce qu'est La Culture, je travaille à une catégorisation de l'objet de vulgarisation de cette Culture, à savoir l'Art, et à une cartographie de son ou ses sujets, à savoir le spectateur et sa place, pour finalement essayer de proposer un mode d'action culturelle nommé non plus politique culturelle mais politique artistique. De La Critique à La Critique de la Critique de la Critique, en passant par La Critique de la Critique, je cherche à sortir de la confortable définition polysémique régnant sur le territoire culturel et à la Tour des Arts, et ce dans le projet utopique de transfiguration de leurs architectures. / The Great Culture and the Great Public as mythical as Alexander or From the art of taking distance. What is art ? Verfremdung → to make stranger. While cultural exhibition tends to be events that are most often apprehended through their relation to the Great Public – sometimes legitimating, sometimes repulsive,sometimes motive and often simultaneously recipient, adjuvant, opponent, expected, persona non grata andalmost always juge-baromètre arpenteur, supposedly outside of concern of that event – we will try to bringout from these different policies (that pay close attention to numerical parameters) the complicities and contradictions between artistic/cultural practices and democratic practice. Can we still bet on subvertissant power of cultural production as ideological enhancer and democratical antioxidant whereas the culturallandscape seems to be shaped by a festivisation oxymoronique, a nivellement-exacerbant ?

Les festivals de musique s'étant constitués progressivement depuis le milieu des années 1990 en un véritable phénomène de société au Maroc, cette thèse analyse, dans une perspective comparatiste, en quoi ces événements artistico-culturels et festifs favorisent des formes nouvelles, non-conventionnelles, de production du politique dans le monde arabe entre contestation et relégitimation de l'ordre établi. D'une part, les festivals de musique, appréhendés par le biais d'une analyse culturelle de l'action collective et des mouvements sociaux, révèlent un espace politique alternatif au potentiel initial fortement subversif, à l’origine d’une Nayda post-islamiste. D'autre part, les différents processus de récupération et de cooptation, directes et indirectes, dans lesquels entrent peu à peu ces événements, illustrent les ressorts de la domination et d'une politique culturelle autoritaire exercées par le makhzen. Enfin, cette politisation multiple, que permet l'ambivalence de l'artistico-culturel et du politique, est exacerbée dans le contexte du Mouvement du 20 février et du Printemps arabe entre radicalisation et saturation de la dynamique festivalière. / Musical festivals in Morocco have progressively become a social phenomenon since the mid 1990's. This study takes a comparative perspective in order to analyse to what extent these artistic, cultural and festive events promote new and unconventional forms of politics production in the Arab world, which oscillate between a contestation and a relegitimation of the established order. On the one hand, music festivals, considered through the lense of a cultural analysis of collective action and social movements, constitute an alternative political space with an initially high subversive potential leading to a post-islamist Nayda. On the other hand, these events gradually enter diverse processes of direct and indirect distortion and co-optation, which illustrate the levers of the domination and the authoritarian cultural policy exercised by the makhzen. Finally, the multiple politicization allowed by the ambivalence of artistic, cultural and political expressions is exacerbated in the context of the Arab Spring and the 20 February Movement between a radicalisation and a saturation of the festival dynamics.

Cultural leadership has been a key concept in cultural policy and training since 2002. Most closely associated with the UK’s Clore Leadership Programme, it has been developed through various courses and initiatives domestically and internationally, initially as a response to crises of financial management and governance within major cultural institutions. This emergence of cultural leadership coincided with growing political interest in the social benefits of the arts and the economic potential of the creative industries. However, the concept is rarely clearly defined or critically analysed, while the political and economic environment in which the cultural sector operates has been transformed since the term was coined. This research investigates the evolution of cultural leadership as a discursive formation in these contexts. It traces the short history of the term itself and situates it within longer trajectories of cultural policy. Through critical discourse analysis the research questions the relationship between ‘cultural leadership’ and ‘cultural leaders’, asking who creates the circumstances in which art is produced and culture shaped. Leadership itself is reconsidered theoretically as an aspect of political action. Detailed interviews with influential cultural sector professionals are analysed as an empirical complement to literature around cultural history, policy and artistic leadership. The analysis reconfigures cultural leadership as a dynamic process arising from relationships between creative practice and social, political and organisational development. Outlining the respective roles of government, the public and the sector, it proposes a framework for understanding leadership through the interplay of action and influence within and beyond the cultural workforce. Indicating that cultural leadership has a vital critical role to play in democratic society, the research argues for more effective engagement between sectoral leaders, including artists, and questions of policy and cultural value. Its findings are significant for the future study and development of cultural leadership nationally and internationally.

The aim of this thesis is to map and subsequently analyse and evaluate all the processes that are going on in the Ponrepo cinema. Even though it is an archive cinema it is currently participating in more complex and broader activities than just film screenings. Therefore, this thesis deals with the processes associated with traditional function as an intermediary of collections of the National Film Archive to the public and the processes associated with the new mission as a creative centre or platform for film education.

In the late 1990s an attempt got underway to develop a new paradigm for cultural development policy at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). The fruit of these efforts was the adoption of the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, which entered into force in 2007. This binding international treaty has been welcomed for restoring a degree of cultural policy sovereignty to states against some of the pressures of contemporary globalisation, and celebrated for burying some of the political differences between North and South that had pulled UNESCO apart in the 1970s and 1980s. As an instrument with widespread political support the Convention on cultural diversity has also marked something of a landmark event in the more general controversies over the nature of contemporary cultural change and the role of cultural policy in the era of neoliberal globalisation. This thesis is a response to these developments over the last decade, based on a series of studies looking at the processes that led to the formation of the Convention and examining some of the effects of the new framework as they are becoming apparent in the first years following its adoption and entry into force. It looks in particular at the precise points of consensus between North and South that have been found in the new framework of cultural development, examining some of its measures and the way they are coming to feature - or not - in the work of international development agencies, policymakers and cultural industry stakeholders. These observations are developed through two main case studies looking at contemporary attempts at cultural policy reform in China and the Caribbean. The thesis also attempts to offer an alternative perspective to the legal and international relations analyses that have surrounded the Convention and its political controversies so far by approaching them within the framework of social and cultural theory, engaging in particular with recent claims about the transformation of culture into a 'resource' for trade and development in the new global economy. I argue that the new framework tends to conflate cultural rights and recognition with the right of the state to protect and promote activities that it deems worthy of recognition on cultural grounds: this has offered a welcome development to those that have come to have a privileged role to play in the contemporary concern to promote enterprise, production and trade in the knowledge-based economy of content and intellectual property creation, but it has also tended to weaken the position of others whose claims to cultural recognition are inseparable from demands which have little or no protagonism in this framework.

Diploma thesis deals with public financing of Czech cinematography from 1989 to the present, focusing on state funds. It outlines the economic aspects of public support of this specific area and puts film into economic theory of goods and into the concept of cultural and creative industries. It also describes the legislative development up to the present Audiovisual Act, by which the State Cinematography Fund was established. The paper analyzes the structure of the Fund, its activities and its funding. Another object of the research is the development of financing of cinematography support. The thesis identifies sources of funding to support the film, and for what purposes it has been spent. For comparison it provides a brief overview of support in Europe and the description of support schemes in Great Britain and France. Main goal of the thesis is to evaluate the development and current state of public support for the film.