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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Cumulative emissions, unburnable fossil fuel, and the optimal carbon tax

van der Ploeg, Frederick, Rezai, Armon 02 March 2017 (has links) (PDF)
A stylised analytical framework is used to show how the global carbon tax and the amount of untapped fossil fuel can be calculated from a simple rule given estimates of society's rate of time impatience and intergenerational inequality aversion, the extraction cost technology, the rate of technical progress in renewable energy and the future trend rate of economic growth. The predictions of the simple framework are tested in a calibrated numerical and more complex version of the integrated assessment model (IAM). This IAM makes use of the Oxford carbon cycle of Allen et al. (2009), which differs from DICE, FUND and PAGE in that cumulative emissions are the key driving force of changes in temperature. We highlight the importance of the speed and direction of technological change for the energy transition and how time impatience, intergenerational inequality aversion and expected trend growth affect the time paths of the optimal global carbon tax and the optimal amount of fossil fuel reserves to leave untapped. We also compare these with the adverse global warming trajectories that occur if no policy actions are taken.
92

Managing human footprint with respect to its effects on large mammals: implications of spatial scale, divergent responses and ecological thresholds

Toews, Mary 03 October 2016 (has links)
The environmental problems facing the world today are largely attributable to anthropogenic activities and landscape change. Addressing these challenges in an evidence-based way requires an understanding of precisely how species and ecosystems are responding to human impacts. Discerning linkages between stressors and their ecological repercussions, and using this to inform conservation, can be challenging due to the complexity and uncertainty of ecological research. I focused on the responses of five wide-ranging large mammal species – gray wolf (Canis lupus), Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis), coyote (Canis latrans), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and moose (Alces alces) – to human footprint (measure of human infrastructure and landscape change), using 12 years (2001-2013) of snowtrack surveys conducted across the boreal forest of Alberta. I explored three key challenges to discerning the linkages between ecological dynamics and management actions. First, I asked whether the direction and magnitude of species responses vary depending on the spatial extent and grain of the study. Second, I asked whether these species respond more strongly to individual footprint features or to the cumulative effects of footprint (measured as total footprint), and whether responses to footprint are consistent across species. Third, I evaluated the utility of thresholds for large mammal management and asked whether there is evidence for consistent threshold responses to total footprint across scales. In addressing the first two questions, I evaluated a set of generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMM) relating the relative abundance of each species to individual and cumulative effects of human footprint, using an information-theoretic approach. I compared the direction of species responses across our regional study area (approximately 400,000 km2) to those reported in previous smaller-extent studies (median 1,525 km2), and compared responses across three spatial grains (250m, 1500m, and 5000m transect buffers). In addressing the third question, I conducted a review on the utility of ecological thresholds, described as abrupt changes in the response to a continuous driver, for large mammal management. I further tested for thresholds in species responses to total footprint by comparing linear models (logistic regression) to piecewise regression models. I compared threshold values between two grains (approximately 33km2 - 1500m transect buffer, and 5500km2 - grouping transects into clusters), and across four regions (boreal forest extent, three landscape planning units). I found that the direction of species responses varied with spatial extent, but not grain, and that species responded strongly to a broad suite of footprint features, indicating the need to manage for cumulative effects. Despite the appeal of ecological thresholds, using these as targets is challenging and the success of doing so has rarely been evaluated. I found threshold models to be better supported than linear ones across species, but due to variability and uncertainty in threshold values, the results are more suited as guidelines or hypotheses to be further tested, as opposed to specific management targets. Translating research on complex ecological systems into management actions is a continuing challenge, yet, ongoing biodiversity monitoring and adaptive management may refine our existing tools, and ultimately lead to better environmental stewardship. / Graduate / 2017-09-05 / 0329
93

Vztah metropolitního města a jeho zázemí / The relationship of the city and its surroundings

Komárková, Eva January 2010 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with the relationship between the city and its surroundings. In the theoretical part of the thesis are at first clarified basic terms which are needed for a good understanding of the problematic together with theoretical approaches dealing with the urban form and development. Specifically - the revolutions according to Vere Gordon Childe and The life-cycle theory by Leo van den Berg. Further the thesis includes a description of the two approaches of the Keynesian theories: The theory of growth poles in the concept of Francois Perroux and The theory of cumulative causation in the concept of Gunnar Myrdal and Albert Otto Hirschman. These approaches are then compared. The practical part examines the relationship between the city and its surroundings on the basis of statistical analysis on several cases. Specifically cities Copenhagen, London, Budapest and Prague are analyzed.
94

Changing Circumstances, Changing Outcomes?: Longitudinal Relations Between Family Income, Cumulative Risk Exposure, And Children’s Educational Success

Thomson, Dana January 2017 (has links)
Thesis advisor: Eric Dearing / Emerging research in developmental psychology and neuroscience suggests that childhood poverty is associated with high levels of exposure to multiple contextual risks, which cumulatively lead to persistent elevated stress levels that have a direct, as well an indirect (e.g., through parental processes), impact on child cognitive, academic, and socioemotional functioning (Evans & Kim, 2013). Such research has begun to change the way that scholars and practitioners envision the context of poverty, the persistence of the income-achievement gap, and the types of interventions that may be most effective in addressing disparities in children’s long-term educational success. However, research on the relations between poverty-associated stress and child outcomes is still in its infancy and many questions remain. In particular, it is unclear whether changing family economic circumstances matter, a question of concern for developmental science and public policy. Moreover, there is little work on moderators of relations between income, stress, and child outcomes, which could help identify factors that buffer children from the harm of stressful home environments. With longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics’ Child Development Supplement, the present study used fixed effects models to examine within-child associations between changes in family income, cumulative risk exposure (as measured by an index that includes a range of poverty-related stressors, such as economic strain, neighborhood crime, and physical and psychological home environments), and children’s cognitive, academic and socioemotional functioning. In addition, moderators of these associations were investigated in order to identify potential protective mechanisms and crucial levers for interventions and policy development. On the whole, findings were consistent with the cumulative stress model. On average, the estimated direct effects of changes in family income (i.e., prior to examining mediation or moderators) were not significant for changes in child outcomes. Yet, changes in income were, for the sample as a whole, indirectly related via changes in cumulative risk exposure: increases in income predicted decreases in cumulative risk exposure which, in turn, predicted improvements in achievement and declines in externalizing behavior. Additionally, these relations were moderated by child age, initial level of family income, and initial level of cumulative risk. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.
95

Sintomas osteomusculares em trabalhadores de enfermagem de uma Unidade neonatal, UTI neonatal e Banco de leite humano / Musculoskeletal symptoms among nursing staff in a neonatal unit, neonatal ICU and human milk bank.

Monteiro, Carla Roberta 14 July 2014 (has links)
O trabalho da enfermagem envolve numerosos fatores de risco para a saúde. Há uma extensa lista de danos a todos os sistemas orgânicos, entre eles as afecções do sistema musculoesquelético, responsáveis por gerar incapacidades para a vida que não se resumem apenas ao ambiente de trabalho. No cuidado ao recém-nascido em Unidade neonatal e UTI neonatal, bem como no processo de trabalho no Banco de leite humano, são realizadas rotineiramente atividades que apresentam fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de sintomas osteomusculares. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivos, conhecer a prevalência de sintomas osteomusculares em trabalhadores de enfermagem de uma Unidade neonatal, UTI neonatal e Banco de leite humano, e os fatores sociodemográficos, de saúde e trabalho associados, bem como verificar a frequência de atestados e licenças médicas emitidos à estes trabalhadores no último ano. Estudo exploratório e descritivo, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, do qual participaram 86 trabalhadores da equipe de enfermagem que compõe o quadro funcional dos setores Unidade neonatal, UTI neonatal e Banco de leite humano de um hospital universitário do município de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados pela pesquisadora por meio de um questionário semi-estruturado, Questionário Internacional de Nível de Atividade Física e Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares. Além disso, foram verificados todos os afastamentos por doença, emitidos aos trabalhadores no período de um ano e registrados no setor de Recursos Humanos do Hospital.O tratamento dos dados foi realizado por meio dos testes de Fisher, Teste t-Student ou Mann-Whitney. Os trabalhadores apresentaram média de 41 anos, sendo sua maioria (94, 19%) mulheres e auxiliares/técnicos de enfermagem (53, 33%), sem outro vínculo empregatício, com tempo médio de atuação de 16, 93 anos, classificados na faixa de sobrepeso quanto ao Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC), e como ativos quanto ao nível de atividade física. Apenas 32, 14% deles referiram ter recebido orientações sobre mecânica corporal. Dentre os trabalhadores estudados, 54, 65% deles, em algum momento necessitaram de afastamento de suas atividades laborais por doença, sendo as doenças do sistema osteomuscular as que levaram ao maior número de afastamentos. A coluna vertebral representou a região responsável pela maior frequência de afastamentos, assim como representou a região corpórea com maior frequência de relatos de sintomas, tanto nos últimos 12 meses, quanto nos últimos 7 dias. A região do cotovelo foi apontada como a que causou maior impedimento das atividades habituais (45, 45%) e aquela que levou o maior número de trabalhadores a buscar ajuda profissional (54, 55%). Os que referiram sintomas em região de pescoço e ombro foram os mais jovens, tendo os mais velhos relatado sintomas em região de cotovelo. Aqueles que referiram sintomas em região de pescoço foram os que exerciam a mesma função por menos tempo, já os que exerciam a mesma função por mais tempo, foram os que referiram sintomas em região de cotovelos. Os trabalhadores que relataram sintomas em região de joelhos e tornozelos/pés, apresentaram uma média de IMC superior a 26. Auxiliares/técnicos de enfermagem, trabalhadores do Banco de leite humano e do turno administrativo, aqueles que referiram compartilhamento das atividades domésticas e os sedentários, foram os que apresentaram maior frequência de relatos de sintomas. A análise da prevalência, bem como dos fatores associados à ocorrência de sintomas osteomusculares, permitiu identificar fatores relativos ao indivíduo, trabalho e estilo de vida, que podem subsidiar ações voltadas para a promoção da saúde e melhorias nas condições de trabalho destes trabalhadores. / Nursing involves many risk factors for health. There is an extensive list of potential damages to all organ systems, including disorders of musculoskeletal system, that lead to disabilities for life not restricted to the working setting. Care of newborns in neonatal ICU and in proceedings at human milk bank involves routine activities that pose risk factors of developing musculoskeletal symptoms. Thus, this study is aimed at discover the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among nursing staff in a neonatal unit, neonatal ICU and human milk bank, as well as sociodemographic, health and work factors associated with them, and to verify the frequency of statements and medical licenses issued to these employees in the last year. This is an cross-sectional, descriptive, exploratory and quantitative-approached study that has had the participation of 86 employees from nursing staff of neonatal unit, neonatal ICU and human milk bank at a university hospital at São Paulo. Data were collected by the researcher through International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Aditionally, all sick leaves issued to employees and recorded by the Human Resources within one year have been checked. Data processing was performed based on Fishers test, t-Student or Mann-Whitney test. Workers age was 41 years in average. Most of them (94.19%) were female auxiliary/practical nurses (53.33%) with no other employment. Their average operating time was 16.93 years. They were considered overweighted based on Body Mass Index (BMI) and active regarding to physical activity level. Only 32.14% reported having received guidance on body mechanics. Among the workers studied, 54.65% required removal of their professional activities because of disease at some period of time, and diseases of the musculoskeletal system led to the largest number of removals. Spine accounted for the higher frequency of sick leaves and has been the body region that most frequently reported symptoms on both the past 12 months and the last 7 days. The elbow region was pointed as the primary cause of making usual activities impossible (45.45%) and led the greatest number of employees to seek professional help (54.55%). Younger ones reported symptoms in neck and shoulder while older people reported symptoms in the elbow. Those who reported symptoms in the neck worked at the same function for less time; those who held the same job for longer reported symptoms in the elbow. Workers who reported symptoms in the knees, ankles and feet had an average BMI > 26. Nursing assistants and technicians, breast milk bank staff, administration team, those who reported sharing household activities and the sedentary people presented the highest frequency of reported symptoms. Analysis of prevalence and factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms helped identifying aspects related to individual, work and lifestyle that can support actions aimed at promoting health and improvements in working conditions for these workers.
96

Retorno ao trabalho: a vivência dos trabalhadores de enfermagem com distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (DORT) / Return to work: the experience of the nursing workers with Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMD)

Silva, Silmar Maria da 23 April 2012 (has links)
O trabalhador de enfermagem que retorna ao trabalho após afastamento por Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho (DORT) experiencia várias modificações em si e em seu entorno, devido a presença de restrições de atividades ou pela reintegração em setores e em funções diferentes das exercidas anteriormente. Esta situação pode representar um recomeço ou acarretar em novos adoecimentos, piora ou recidiva do quadro patológico, que podem comprometer não apenas as relações no trabalho, como a autoestima e a perspectiva de um trabalho saudável. O presente estudo objetivou compreender a vivência do trabalhador de enfermagem que retorna ao trabalho após afastamento por DORT, por meio da pesquisa qualitativa fenomenológica. Foram realizadas entrevistas com seis trabalhadoras de enfermagem, sendo quatro auxiliares de enfermagem, uma técnica de enfermagem e uma enfermeira. Para desvelar o fenômeno retornar ao trabalho após afastamento por DORT, foi realizado a seguinte questão norteadora: Como está sendo para você retornar ao trabalho após o período de afastamento? A análise dos discursos pautou-se no referencial filosófico de Martin Heidegger, onde emergiram as seguintes Unificações Ontológicas: Ser-aí retornando ao trabalho após afastamento por DORT; Experienciando a Solicitude e o Descuidado no retorno ao trabalho após afastamento por DORT; A Angústia do retorno ao trabalho após afastamento por DORT e O poder-ser próprio da trabalhadora de enfermagem que retorna ao trabalho após afastamento por DORT. Os resultados desvelaram o mundo-vida das trabalhadoras de enfermagem, marcado por dor crônica, limitações e ausência de política institucional para esse processo. O fenômeno desvelado aponta para a necessidade de novos olhares sobre a problemática do retorno ao trabalho e um repensar estratégias locais e políticas institucionais que permitam um retorno salutar ao trabalho / The nursing worker who returns to work after absence for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMD) experience various changes in itself and its surroundings due to the presence of restrictions of activities or sectors by reintegration and the different functions performed previously. This may represent a new beginning or causing sickness, deterioration or recurrence of the pathological picture, which can compromise not only the relationships at work as self-esteem and the prospect of a healthy workplace. This study aimed to understand the experience of the nursing worker who returns to work after absence for WRMD, through the phenomenological qualitative research. Interviews were conducted with six nursing workers, four nursing auxiliaries, one nursing technician and one nurse. To reveal the phenomenon to return to work after absence for WMSD, was held the following question: How are you to return to work after the absence period? The discourse analysis was based on Martin Heidegger\'s philosophical referential, which emerged following the ontological unifications: Being-there returning to work after illness by WMSD; Experiencing the Helpfulness and Careless in returning to work after illness for WMSD, The Anguish of the return to work after illness for WMSD and power-be of the working nurse who returns to work after illness by WRMD. The results unveiled the life-world of nurses, marked by chronic pain, limitations and the absence of institutional policies for this process. The phenomenon unveiled points to new perspectives on the problem of return to work and to rethink strategies and local institutional policies that enable a healthy return to work
97

Diferimento do ICMS no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro

Junior, Jorge Sylvio Marquezi 10 March 2016 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge Sylvio Marquezi Junior.pdf: 1170232 bytes, checksum: 578c14542dc234b32a3b045ede767adf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-10 / This scientific study focuses on the legal institution of deferral and its implications for the application of the constitutional non-cumulative principle, and also on the need for prior approval by CONFAZ of legal provisions on deferral. The main purpose is to demonstrate that by analyzing the linguistic term, deferral, in São Paulo state law, we can observe different legal institutions with different legal natures. That being said, if the Federal Constitution provides for that the non-cumulative principle does not apply only in the cases of exemption and non-imposition of taxes, the deferral provisions can only prevent the use of the credit by the taxpayer, if the mentioned deferral turns out to be an exemption institute or a non-imposition one. For this demonstration, it is necessary to analyze our legal system, the rule of law, and what is done in the light of constitutional principles of citizen consent, legality, property and non-cumulative. On the basis of these assumptions, deferral is being analyzed from the perspective of the tax incidence rule and the rule that provides the right to ICMS tax credit. The demonstration that under the word deferral there are different legal institutions, and that the right to tax credit can only be denied when the institute, despite the given name, is an exemption or a non-imposition, is contrary to the opinion our higher courts, because according to the majority of the court´s decisions all that is needed is that the previous operation is subject to deferral, so that the constitutional non-cumulative principle does not apply. Finally, based on these findings, I will analyze whether the approval by CONFAZ is mandatory or not when the legal term is deferral; Moreover, I will analyze each individual case where the rule employed the term deferral in order to determine the actual institute at stake, aiming at pondering over the compliance with the constitutional principles of legality and anteriority / O presente estudo científico tem como foco o instituto jurídico do diferimento e suas implicações na aplicação do princípio constitucional da não cumulatividade, bem como analisar a necessidade da prévia aprovação pelo CONFAZ das previsões legais sobre diferimento. Pretende-se demonstrar que, analisando o vocábulo diferimento, na legislação paulista, podemos encontrar institutos jurídicos diferentes com naturezas distintas. Desta feita, se a Constituição Federal somente permite que não incida o princípio da não cumulatividade nos casos de isenção e não incidência, as disposições do ordenamento que versem sobre o diferimento, da mesma forma, somente poderão impedir o aproveitamento do crédito por quem de direito, se nominado diferimento se refletir no instituto da isenção ou não incidência. Para tal demonstração é necessária a análise do nosso ordenamento jurídico, da norma jurídica e do ciclo de positivação do direito, o que se faz à luz dos princípios constitucionais do consentimento do cidadão, legalidade, propriedade e não cumulatividade. Com base em tais premissas, é que se analisa o diferimento sob a perspectiva da regra-matriz de incidência tributária e da regra-matriz que propicia o direito ao crédito do ICMS. A demonstração de que sob o vocábulo diferimento existem diferentes institutos jurídicos e, ainda, de que o direito ao crédito do imposto somente poderá ser negado quando o instituto, apesar do nome dado, for a isenção ou não incidência, segue na mão inversa do posicionamento majoritário de nossos tribunais superiores, pois, para grande parte das decisões, basta que a operação anterior esteja sujeita ao diferimento, para que o princípio da não cumulatividade seja afastado. Por fim, com base nas assertivas acima, analisaremos a necessidade ou não de aprovação, pelo CONFAZ, da norma jurídica a ser inserida, quando o vocábulo utilizado pela legislação for diferimento, bem como, analisaremos, em cada caso em que a norma inserida se vale do vocábulo diferimento, o real instituto jurídico ali existente, a fim de ponderar sobre a observância dos princípios constitucionais da legalidade e da anterioridade
98

A ocorrência, os fatores associados, e o absenteísmo por distúrbios musculoesqueléticos em trabalhadores do estado de São Paulo entre 2008 a 2016. 2018 / The occurrence, associated factors, and absenteeism due to musculoskeletal disorders in workers from the state of São Paulo between 2008 and 2016. 2018

Rafael Haeffner 10 December 2018 (has links)
As lesões por esforços repetitivos/distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (LER/DORT) afetam os trabalhadores em todo o mundo, uma vez que causam sofrimento e limitação tanto em atividades cotidianas como no trabalho. Este agravo ainda tem como principais consequências a incapacidade temporária ou permanente para as atividades laborais, o afastamento do trabalho, por conseguinte, os prejuízos socioeconômicos gerados à sociedade pela redução da produtividade. Há, ainda, a necessidade de avaliar a ocorrência, as associações e o afastamento do trabalho por LER/DORT nos mais diversos grupos ocupacionais. Considerando as possíveis diferenças entre os sexos para LER/DORT, deve-se considerar a estratificação das análises por sexo. No capítulo I, foi realizado um estudo com dados retrospectivos de LER/DORT do Sinan e dos microdados do Censo de 2010 do IBGE. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, trabalhistas, das cargas e ambiente de trabalho e os desfechos de interesse, com frequências absolutas e relativas, medidas de tendências centrais e dispersão, taxas do agravo, testes de hipóteses e modelos de regressão. Foram estimadas como medidas de efeitos a razão de prevalência e a razão de taxas. Para as ocorrências, o absenteísmo e os fatores associados a LER/DORT, destacaram-se idade a partir dos 30 anos, ocupações braçais, ambiente estressante e transtornos mentais. Quanto à tendência, trabalhadores a partir de 50 anos de idade e trabalhadores industriais e químicos foram fortemente associados de forma crescente na série temporal. O sítio anatômico de maior ocorrência foram os ombros. No capítulo II, foi feita uma revisão sistemática (RS) sobre distúrbios musculoesqueléticos (DME) de ombros em trabalhadores, para descrever a prevalência do agravo neste sítio anatômico. Foram incluídos 10 estudos de base populacional; a prevalência de DME de ombros variou de 7,1% a 29,3%, no sexo feminino de 6% a 31,1%, no sexo masculino de 9% a 14,4%, trabalhadores \"braçais\" e com idade a partir de 50 anos foram mais acometidos. Por fim, houve comparação entre os dois capítulos desta tese e os resultados assemelharam-se. Sugere-se, a partir destes achados, a reavaliação do processo de trabalho para indivíduos de idade intermediária a avançada, aqueles com transtornos mentais e no que tange o estresse laboral. Ainda sugere-se um sistema de notificação digital para melhoria e otimização dos sistemas de informação em agravos ocupacionais. / Repetitive strain injuries/work-related musculoskeletal disorders (RSI/WRMD) affect workers around the world as they cause suffering and limitation both in daily activities and at work. This aggravation still has as main consequences the temporary or permanent incapacity for the labor activities, the work retirement and, consequently, the socioeconomic damages generated to the society mostly by the reduction of the productivity. There is also a need to assess the occurrence, associations and withdrawal of work by RSI in the most diverse occupational groups. Considering the possible differences between the genders for RSI, the stratification of analyzes by sex must be considered. In chapter I, a retrospective data study of SINAN of RSI and the microdata of the IBGE\'s 2010 Census was carried out. Sociodemographic, labor, workload and work environment variables were analyzed, with absolute and relative frequencies, measures of central tendencies and dispersion, injury rates, hypothesis tests and regression models. The prevalence ratio and the rate ratio were estimated as measures of effects. For the occurrences, absenteeism and the factors associated with RSI were more prominent in age from 30 years on, manual occupations, work stress and mental disorders. As for the trend, 50 years-old workers and industrial and chemical workers were strongly associated with increasing time series. The most common anatomical site was the shoulders. In Chapter II a systematic review (RS) was performed on musculoskeletal disorders of shoulders (MDS) in workers, to describe the prevalence of the disease in this anatomical site. Ten population-based studies were included, the prevalence of MDS of the shoulders ranged from 7,1% to 29,3%, in the female sex from 6% to 31,1%, in the male sex from 9% to 14,4% workers aged 50 and over were more affected. Finally, there was a comparison between the two chapters of this thesis and the results resembled. These findings suggest the reassessment of the work process for individuals from intermediate to advanced age, those with mental disorders and with regard to work stress, and also a digital notification system for improvement and information optimization systems in occupational diseases.
99

Análise da eficiência do método não-cumulativo da Cofins: o exemplo de uma indústria moveleira do Rio Grande do Sul

Sfoggia, Ricardo 13 March 2018 (has links)
Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-06-25T12:36:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Sfoggia_.pdf: 972981 bytes, checksum: 684f20f5030f2c718c4a3c5fd7073563 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T12:36:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Sfoggia_.pdf: 972981 bytes, checksum: 684f20f5030f2c718c4a3c5fd7073563 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-13 / Nenhuma / presente trabalho tem por finalidade avaliar a eficiência da sistemática da apuração não-cumulativa da COFINS para, ao final, face os resultados obtidos, elaborar recomendação de políticas públicas. Foi utilizado como fonte e para ilustrar a pesquisa, o caso de uma indústria moveleira de capital aberto, sediada no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Norteou o estudo a metodologia qualitativa com pesquisa empírica, sendo adotado em pequena parte o método dogmático. A base científica da pesquisa foi a Análise Econômica do Direito, de onde se extraiu como ferramenta para apurar a eficiência da sistemática não-cumulativa da COFINS a análise positiva e normativa, através da qual foi avaliado se a sistemática se enquadrava em cinco requisitos essenciais para ser considerada eficiente, quais sejam: (1) se possui uma base grande de contribuintes; (2) se as regras são simples e objetivas; (3) se incide sobre produtos de demanda inelástica; (4) se o tributo é justo; e (5) se possui baixo custo de administração. Após realizada a pesquisa empírica e avaliados os dados, se verificou na análise positiva que a sistemática não-cumulativa não atingiu nenhum dos cinco requisitos. Realizada a análise normativa, concluiu-se que o método subtrativo indireto não é eficiente, pois como não se desconta o tributo recolhido na fase anterior da cadeia, dificilmente, para não dizer jamais, lograr-se-á descontar exatamente o que foi recolhido na fase anterior, ocorrendo, na sua apuração, ou uma parcial cumulatividade ou uma desoneração. Também, constatou-se haver alto custo de conformidade em razão da complexidade da legislação, o que acarreta também alto custo de administração do tributo, ensejando grande volume de discussões judiciais, concluindo-se não sendo possível a sua simplificação. Diante dos resultados, a conclusão foi no sentido da necessidade da extinção da sistemática não-cumulativa da COFINS, que além de não atingir os propósitos para os quais foi criada, não aumentou a arrecadação e interferiu indevidamente na lucratividade das empresas e nos mercados. / The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of the non-cumulative calculation of COFINS, in order to draw up recommendations for public policies. The case of a publicly traded furniture industry based in the state of Rio Grande do Sul was used as a source and to illustrate the research. The study was based on qualitative methodology with empirical research, and the dogmatic method was adopted in a small part. The scientific basis of the research was the Economic Analysis of Law, from which the positive and normative analysis was extracted as a tool to determine the efficiency of the non-cumulative system of COFINS, through which it was evaluated whether the system was in compliance with five essential requirements for be considered efficient, which are: (1) if it has a large base of taxpayers; (2) whether the rules are simple and objective; (3) is focused on products of inelastic demand; (4) whether the tribute is just; and (5) if it has a low administration cost. After performing the empirical research and evaluating the data, it was verified in the positive analysis that the non-cumulative system did not reach any of the five requirements. Once the normative analysis has been carried out, it has been concluded that the indirect subtractive method is not efficient, since the tax collected in the previous phase of the chain is not deducted, it is almost impossible that the amount deducted be equal, occurring in its calculation, or a partial cumulativity or a relief. In addition, there is a high cost of compliance due to the complexity of the legislation, which also implies a high cost of such tax administration, resulting in a large volume of judicial discussions, which cannot be simplified. In view of the results, the conclusion was that the COFINS non-cumulative system should be eliminated, because it does not achieve the purposes for which it was created, did not increase tax collection and unduly interfere with the profitability of companies and markets.
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Direito ao crédito de PIS e de COFINS relativo às despesas “de publicidade” na atividade de franquia

Soares, Maria Helena Tavares de Pinho Tinoco 07 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-02-16T12:27:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Helena Tavares de Pinho Tinoco Soares.pdf: 878041 bytes, checksum: 85ed4e75ccc5e0af11d946a1207baff5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T12:27:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Helena Tavares de Pinho Tinoco Soares.pdf: 878041 bytes, checksum: 85ed4e75ccc5e0af11d946a1207baff5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-07 / The purpose of this dissertation is analyze, by means of assumptions made as to the role of principles in the system and the requirement to comply with them, what interpretation can be drawn from the constitutional provisions relating to the existence or otherwise of a subjective, constitutionally assured, right to use PIS and COFINS credits on marketing and publicity expenses incurred in franchising for the institutional promotion of the network by the franchisor. To explain and comprehend the issue, in addition to visiting and clarifying marketing concepts, a chapter will be devoted to the key characteristics of franchising and the importance of these expenses to the satisfactory development of the business and to its survival. The detailing of these “asides” will in fact be necessary to demonstrate how important and essential these expenses are for the business. And this being the case, it will then be shown that such costs represent an “input” for calculating non-cumulative PIS and COFINS for a franchise. Current interpretations of the concept of “input” will also be outlined, relating to all activities including franchising, highlighting the importance of applying the Theory of Classes to classify this concept correctly, since it cannot be taken as identical for every tax (IPI, non-cumulative PIS and COFINS) / A presente dissertação objetiva analisar, a partir da fixação de premissas relativas ao papel dos princípios no sistema e da obrigatoriedade de sua observância, qual a interpretação que se pode extrair dos dispositivos constitucionais no que se refere à existência ou não de um direito subjetivo, constitucionalmente assegurado, ao aproveitamento dos créditos de PIS e COFINS sobre despesas de marketing e propaganda suportadas durante o exercício da atividade de franquia, para divulgação institucional da rede pela franqueadora. Ainda, para explicitação e compreensão do tema, além da visita e clarificação dos conceitos de marketing e propaganda, será destacado capítulo específico acerca das principais características da franquia e qual a relevância de tais despesas para o regular desenvolvimento e para a sobrevivência do negócio. A abertura desses parênteses será, de fato, necessária e importante para demonstrar o quanto são relevantes e essenciais tais despesas para a manutenção da atividade. E, se assim o são, ato contínuo, se demonstrará que tais custos constituem “insumo” para a franquia. Também serão apresentadas as interpretações hoje existentes em relação ao conceito de “insumo”, que se aplicam a todas as atividades, inclusive à franquia, tendo destaque, ainda, a importância da aplicabilidade da Teoria das Classes para a devida e correta classificação de tal conceito, que não pode ser considerado unívoco para todos os tributos (IPI, PIS e COFINS, Não-cumulativos)

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