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In early modern England, the ‘banquet’ was a distinct meal type consisted solely of confectionery and fruit, accompanied by alcoholic distilled waters and wine. This dining practice has thus far received little scholarly attention, and this thesis provides the first full study of the sweet banquet. It takes account of a wide range of primary sources, including visual and material culture, architecture, household papers, inventories and literature in tracing the development of the banquet at court and its dissemination to the nobility, gentry and ‘middling’ sorts. That the practice of banqueting was ubiquitous at this time is a major new finding. The banquet is revealed to have fulfilled a range of well-defined social functions. An important element of court ceremony under both Henry VIII and Elizabeth I, it expressed contemporary ideas about kingship and articulated England’s place on a European stage. From the mid sixteenth century, the banquet is shown to have been central to elite sociability beyond the court. It was an important indicator of group membership, and a key site for relationship building and the demonstration of social status. Close attention to primary sources reveals that the banquet was intended as a recreation of the ancient symposium, a new finding which undermines the widely held assumption that Tudor visual culture did not engage with the continental renaissance. Finally the gendered nature of the banquet is considered in relation to feminist theory. This sheds new light on the relationship between public and private in early modern England, the gendered nature of space within the country house, and the extent to which feminine agency was possible in a patriarchal society. Overall, this study of the banquet is indicative of the value of studying ephemeral cultural practices, and the wide range of insights that this can generate.

The object of this study was to investigate the relationship of various factors affecting the frequency and status of "dating" behavior. The techniques used were (a) a Subjective Survey, to obtain item possibilities for the Questionnaire and to define terms; (b) a specially constructed Questionnaire, to explore the relationship between a wide variety of personal characteristics of young people and their frequency and status of dating; (c) the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey and a separate section requiring each subject to report his "dating" behavior, to explore relationships between 10 personality traits and the frequency and status of dating. The findings may be divided into three sections. The Subjective Survey defined the terms "date" and "go steady" and established popular conceptions of the infrequent, frequent and "go steady" types of "dater". The Questionnaire findings found 46 separate items to be significantly related to frequency of dating. Briefly summarized the items could be classified under the following headings: (a) physical factors; (b) clothes; (c) automobiles; (d) active and passive activities (athletics, dancing, listening to jazz); (e) moral factors (smoking, drinking) and (f) previous "dating" experience. The Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey and the special section on "dating" behavior found three traits, A-Ascendance, F-Friendliness, S-Sociability, significantly related to the frequency of dating in females; and two traits, G-General Activity and S-Sociability, significantly related to the frequency of dating in males. The writer's Theory of Normal-Neurotic Sexual Choice was formulated in an attempt to explain some unexplored areas in the field. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

To understand the impact of the 20th century on Japanese consciousness, one must examine examples of its popular culture that have had a profound impact on its audience. To best accomplish this, this paper examines the main characters from two works of popular culture, Sensei from the 1914 classic novel Kokoro, and Shinji Ikari from the 1995 television series Neon Genesis Evangelion. This study analyzes the events occuring at the time of and between the two stories, and also examines the authors themselves in order to determine why these seminal works are especially representative of human beings in general and especially the Japanese. If the Twentieth Century is an age of remarkable freedom, it is one in which human beings exist in an abandoned state. Lacking an essential truth about what they should want or ought to be, humans must struggle to find their own purpose, sense of self, and happiness. At the same time, forces around them dramatically change the landscape, removing traces of familiarity and a recognized history. These two works feature protagonists struggling to weather the storm of their respective eras. By understanding their struggle, we can learn how to survive modernity. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Asian Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. / Fall Semester, 2008. / October 24, 2008. / Despair, Modern Self, Self-Identity, 20th Century, Japan, Gendai, Kindai, Modernity, Anno, Anime / Includes bibliographical references. / Yoshihiro Yasuhara, Professor Directing Thesis; Feng Lan, Committee Member; Kathleen Erndl, Committee Member.

The following study utilizes a 1981 reproduction of a ca.1525, Safavid version of the Persian national epic, the Shahnameh, to investigate the manuscript's numerous illustrations of painted interior design. Initial research focuses on the history of wall painting in Iranian culture from the ancient through the Safavid eras. The following section offers a brief history of the Safavids themselves, as well as an overview of the immediate cultural and artistic influences that combined to create their newly syncretized aesthetic. The body of the research concentrates on an original system of classification allowing each interior motif to be categorized as one of five basic types. Labeled A through E the master types are sub-divided into several lesser categories based on their degrees of separation from the original motif. In an attempt to trace each pattern's stylistic origins, the designs are evaluated in relation to three different media that either predate or are contemporary to the production of the Safavid Shahnameh: similar images from illustrated volumes, the literary accounts of extinct Timurid and Turkman murals and the wall paintings of extant edifices. A notable corollary to this research is the conclusion that a number of the Shahnameh's interior wall paintings exhibit far eastern, aesthetic influences that pre-date the Mongolian invasions of the thirteenth century. While it is difficult to classify each of the myriad layers of meaning projected on these images, quite a few of the motifs appear to contain Zoroastrian, Buddhist, Hindu and Sufi religious symbolism as well as Soghdian and Sassanian secular references. In particular it is proposed that, in many cases, the Shahnameh's illustrations are a reliable indication of the interior wall paintings that decorated contemporaneous Turkman and Timurid palaces. / A Thesis submitted to the Program in Asian Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art. / Fall Semester, 2004. / August 19, 2004. / Safavids, Persian painting, miniature painting, Shah Isma'il, Shah Tahmasp, Shahnama, Shahnameh / Includes bibliographical references. / Peter Garretson, Professor Directing Thesis; Jonathan Grant, Committee Member; Susan Lee, Committee Member.

This study was carried out in KwaZulu Natal Free State Conference (KNFC) which is under the umbrella of South African Union (SAU) in South Africa. The objective was to determine how African customs and values consistent with biblical principles can enhance Seventh- day Adventist missions among the indigenous South Africans with reference to the Zulu heritage. The study also sought to investigate how embracing African customs and values consistent with biblical principles in mission endeavors has positive effects on indigenous South Africans’ perceptions of the Seventh-day Adventist church and appreciation of Adventism / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / University of Pretoria / Science of Religion and Missiology / PhD / Unrestricted

Submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2009. / Lolu cwaningo luyimizamo enzulu yokuthola izimbangela zokungenwa yidlozi. Ekucwaningeni ngalesi. sihloko kuye kwavela ukuthi liyini-ke lona idlozi. Kuze kwabhekwa nezimpawu zomuntu ongenwa yilo idlozi leli. Lokhu kuzosiza kuvule amehlo omphakathi ukuba wazi, ususela kulezi zimpawu ukuthi luhlobo luni lokugula okuphethe umuntu ogulayo. Maningi amaphupho aphushwa abantu kodwa lolu cwaningo lukwazile ukwehlukanisa amaphupho awuphawu lokungenwa yidlozi emaphusheni ajwayelekile. Umuntu ongenwa yidlozi ugula ngezifo eziningi elashwa ngemithi yezinyanga kodwa kubenhlanga zimuka nomoya. Lo moya wedlozi kuyatholakala ukuthi awuhambi wodwa kodwa uhamba namandawe namandiki. Lolu cwaningo lube nokulandelela lufuna iqiniso ngale mimoya yamandiki namandawe. Kutholakale nemithi yokuyehlisa le mimoya ewubulawu obumhlophe. Kucwaningwe nangendlela aphehlwa ngayo amagobongo okuyibhamisa le mimoya. Isahluko sokuqala sicacisa kuthi bha izinhloso zalolu cwaningo. Kulezi zinhloso kuvela nenkuthazo ekhuthaze umcwaningi ukuba acwaninge ngalesi sihloko. Ubekwenza elandela ukusuka nokuhlala kwamasiko alandelwayo uma umuntu engenwa yidlozi. Kuso lesi sahluko kuyacaciswa ukuthi liyini lona idlozi, kubukwa nemininingwane elandelwayo ekuthwasiseni umuntu. Kulesi sahluko kubhekwa nendima okuzohanjwa kuyo eyimingcele yocwaningo. Lokho kusiza ukuthi lo msebenzi ungahambi umathanda kodwa uqoqeke. Isahluko sesibili yisona esesingena shi emsebenzini ozokwenziwa. Kulesi sahluko kubukwa eduze ukungenwa umoya wedlozi futhi kubhekwa nezinhlobo zamadlozi angangena umuntu. Yingani la madlozi eqoka lo muntu amqokayo? Asuke eqondeni ngalokhu kumkhetha? Uphawu olugqamile lokungenwa yidlozi ukugufa. Zifo zini ezitholakala kumuntu ongenwa yidlozi? Mizamo mini ezanywa abantu basekhaya ukumsiza lo muntu wabo? Esahlukweni sesithathu ucwaningo lungena kwinkanankana yokuqhuma kwedlozi. Lokhu kuqhuma kwedlozi kuthiwa ukubhoboka ngolimi lobungoma. Umuntu ongenwe yidlozi ugula kakhulu, ulala phansi agulele ukufa. Ulashwa ngayo yonke imithi kodwa angasindi. Mhla kubhoboka idlozi ufikelwa yithongo lakhe elimfiindisa amaculo obungoma, okuthi kungazelelwe phakathi kobusuku ngokuvama ahayize, ahlabelele, asine. Uvuka noma ngabe ubegula kangakanani aye esangomeni esithwasisayo. Ucwaningo lubuke lo mngoma omusha efika esangomeni esithwasisayo nokwelashwa kwakhe. Kulolu cwaningo kubhekwe ubulawu bamathwasa nemibhemiso. Lapha-esigodlweni amathwasa afimdiswa ukugida. Kucwaningwe ngokubhuda ngebomvu nokunqwambisa. Kucwaningwe ngezinyongo, iziphandla kanye nezinye zezimbuzi. Kulesi sahluko kucwaningwe nangemicimbi yokuhlanganisa idlozi. Kuyatholakala ukuthi umuntu akangenwa yidlozi elilodwa kodwa kokunye ungenwa yidlozi lakubo nelasekhaya konina. Onke la madlozi kufanele ahlanganiswe ukuze angalwi wodwa egazini likathwasa. Kulolu cwaningo kutholakale nokuthi izangoma azidli konke ukudla kodwa zinokudla ezikuzilayo ngezizathu. Ephehlelweni kunezinto ezingenziwa izangoma namathwasa. Esahlukweni sesine kucwaningwe ngokuphothulwa nokwamukelwa kwethwasangoma. Kubukwe indlela okumenywa ngayo izangoma emcimbini wokuphothulwa. Kucwaningwe ngodwendwe Iwezangoma ukuphuma kwakhe esangomeni esithwasisayo kuyiwa kubo lapho sizalwa khona. Kubhekwe indlela esamukelwa ngayo isangoma nakhona ekhaya lapho usaqhubeka umcimbi wokulifihlela ithwasa. Lithi lingayithola into ebifihliwe bathokoze abasekhaya, kucwaningwe nangomgidi wesangoma esisha. Kubhekwe nokwabiwa kwenyama nokubusa ngotshwala. Esahlukweni sesihlanu kube sekucwaningwa ngokubhula. Kubhekwe izinhlobo zokubhula. Kukhona ukubhula ngekhanda nokubhula ngamathambo. Lapha ekubhuleni ngekhanda ababhuli bayafundiswa ukuba bathi, "Yizwa! Yizwa!" Uma isangoma sishaya emhlolweni. Kubukwe izinto ezenziwa isangoma uma sizoqala umbhulo. Kukhona nezangoma ezibhula ngamathambo ezilwane zasendle. Kunolwazi olufundiswa izangoma ukuze zikwazi ukuhumusha amathambo zize zihumushe nokuma kwawo, kube seziyayilandela indaba ziyisusela emathanjeni ezilwane zasendle. Kulolu cwaningo kubuye kwabukwa indlela esethwasa ngayo isangoma esesethwasa. Abalozi bangena isangoma esesethwasa kudala kodwa esesiqala phansi sesiyothwasela abalozi. Siyahamba siye esizibeni abalozi basingenise emanzini. Mhla siphumayo siphuma sesicake ngomcako omhlophe sesithandelwe yinhlwathi yasemanzini esuke ithonywe yiwo amadlozi. Uma lesi sangoma sifika ekhaya, siyayibulala Ie nhlwathi senze ngesikhumba sayo iminqwambo neziphandla Lesi sangoma yisona esinemvume yokuba singenza umhlahlo. Lona umbhulo omkhulu omenywa iNkosi kuphela Asikhulumi isangoma. esinabalozi kodwa kuba yibo abakhuluma ngamazwi asamilozi, isangoma sona sihumushele ababhuli. Kokunye bayakhuluma kuzwakale kungadingi namhumushi uma benze njalo kuthiwa baphaphile. Abalozi bahlala phezulu ezintingweni. Bayahamba babuye babuye. Uma bezofika bahlinzekwa ngotshwala. Esahlnkweni sesithupha kucwaningwe ngeqhaza elibanjwe yilolu cwaningo ekuthuthukiseni ulimi IwesiZulu. Amadlozi angabantu abahlonishwa kakhulu, babizwa ngokuthi bangaMakhosi. Banamagama emithi yabo bayehlukanisa emagameni aziwayo, lokho okwandisa amagama emithi anothisa ulimi. Umuthi uwodwa uze ubizwe ngamagama amabili, lokho okuyiqhaza elibonakalayo lokuthuthukisa ulimi. Kunamagama ezinto zemvunulo angeke atholakale ndawo ngaphandle kwasebungomeni. Nakho lokho kuyalunothisa ulimi IwesiZulu. Esahlukweni sesikhombisa kuhlaziywa ucwaningo jikelele, kwenziwa izincomo ebese kuqoqwa lonke ucwaningo.

The field of customs is commonly referred to as that of imports and exports. It is perceived as a maze of processes, procedures, and forms required to enable a customs administration to perform their wide range of responsibilities. One of the responsibilities of a customs administration is the collection of duties, which necessitates classification of the goods in question. This study sets out to determine the extent of customs control in relation to tariff classification in South Africa. The starting point is the establishment of the foundations of customs, both internationally and in South Africa. After origin and valuation, tariff classification is the third technical customs-related focus area. An analysis of the responsibilities of the customs administration in South Africa confirms the importance of revenue collection and, subsequently, tariff classification. As a result of South Africa’s membership of the World Customs Organization, specific obligations in relation to tariff classification are incurred. The implementation and application of the international provisions are considered and compared in South Africa, Australia, and Canada. Not only is South Africa’s existing legislation considered, but also two new Acts. It is found that despite similarities in the implementation of the Harmonized System Convention into the legislation of the three countries, South Africa’s existing legislation makes the most detailed provision for the Harmonized System and its aids. This is based on the finding that the legislation in Australia and Canada, as well as the two new Acts in South Africa, do not have the same comprehensive provisions. A critical review of the varying processes of classification in the three countries suggests that more suitable and effective processes could be implemented in South Africa. In addition, a synopsis of some of the principles developed in case law is provided and compared. In relation to facilitation, the access to relevant information and the adequacy thereof, as well as the availability of rulings, are considered. Differences in the approach to dispute resolution in the three countries are furthermore provided. Proposals are made to address the discrepancies in the implementation and application of the legislation, the process of classification, the principles developed in case law, the enhancement of related guides, the publication of tariff classification rulings, and the extent of facilitation and dispute resolution. Finally it is recommended that an independent and expert tribunal is established to adjudicate technical customs matters. / Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2015. / Mercantile Law / Unrestricted

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