<p>Malawi has a narrow export base comprised mainly of tobacco, tea and sugar as the main sources of foreign currency. Cut flowers were identified as one of the export products that could help wean the country's economy off its high dependency on tobacco leaf exports. The decreasing price of tobacco at the auction floors coupled with new anti smoking legislations worldwide has made alternative crops exports critical. The main objective of this research was to ascertain the state of the Malawian cut flower industry by / examining the developmental trajectory followed by the Malawian export cut flower industry over the last ten years / identifying the various factors inhibiting the growth of the Malawian export cut flower industry / recommending appropriate interventions and strategy to support vigorous growth of the sector in future.</p>

Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. / Bibliography: leaves 122-137. / xiv, 158 leaves, [16] leaves of plates : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / 18 species of Eucalyptus were subjected to trials to investigate their suitability for floriculture and the effect of pruning for cut flower production. Post harvest trials were conducted to assess the vase life of cut stems, and the effect of pulsing and simulated transportation on vase life. Species of Eucalyptus were also studied for changes in wax morphology of juvenile foliage with leaf age and for variation in amount and composition of leaf epicuticular wax. Molecular markers were discovered which may facilitate the management of E. gunnii breeding and selection for the cut foliage industry, by providing an initial screen for glaucousness. 12 species were recommened for the cut foliage industry. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, 1999

Zugl.: Karlsruhe, University, Diss., 2006.

Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Quality of certain Leucospermum and Leucadendron cultivars after approximately 21 days shipping has been reported to be substandard due to ‘drying out’ of leaves and, in the case of Leucadendrons, involucral leaves. The nature of the symptoms of this ‘drying out’ and the conditions under which they form, viz. long exposures to low temperatures, has led us to hypothesize that these are symptoms of chilling injury (CI). Chilling injury, as far as we are aware, has not been documented on Leucospermums or Leucadendrons. Typical CI symptomology is discussed and shown for Leucospermum ‘Gold Dust’, ‘High Gold’ and ‘Succession’ and for Leucadendron ‘Chameleon’, ‘Laurel Yellow’ and ‘Safari Sunset’. The nature of CI symptoms for Leucospermums and Leucadendrons was generally membranous breakdown that manifested in some cases as a ‘water soaked’ appearance which, at a more advanced stage, was generally visible as ‘dried out’ patches on the leaves. In the case of the Leucadendrons CI was also visible on the immature involucral leaves which are more sensitive to chilling conditions than mature leaves. Dark discoloration of especially immature involucral leaves is also a symptom of CI. As water uptake of shoots with chilling injury is hindered the styles of the Leucospermums wilt. As can be expected, the lower the temperature below the threshold temperature and the longer the exposure the more severe the symptoms. CI was recorded on cut flower shoots of Leucospermum ‘Gold Dust’, ‘High Gold’, ‘Rigoletto’, ‘Succession’ and ‘Vlam’ after 21 and 24 days storage at 1ºC. After 24 days storage the chilling injury was more severe than after 21 days storage in most cases. Each cultivar was pulsed with 5 ml per stem of a 2% (w/v) sugar solution of either lactulose, sucrose, glucose, fructose or mannose before storage. After storage, CI was recorded on day 0, 3, 7 and 10 of the vase phase. Of the cultivars tested ‘Vlam’ and especially ‘Rigoletto’ were more prone to chilling injury development. ‘High Gold’ and ‘Vlam’ shoots were pulsed with 0 (control), 1.5, 3 or 4% (w/v) solutions of either mannose or fructose. The best control of CI for both cultivars was achieved with 1.5% (w/v) solution. Lower concentrations of mannose and fructose were tested on ‘High Gold’ shoots, with a 1% (w/v) solution giving the best control for both. At high concentrations signs of toxicity became evident directly after pulsing. ‘High Gold’ shoots were pulsed with 1% (w/v) solutions of mannose and fructose and sugar analyses were performed on shoots at different stages of storage and after 10 days in the vase. A slight increase in mannose and fructose was detectable in the stems of the shoots directly after pulsing but not in the leaves or the inflorescences. This is due to the low concentrations being used. The levels of all the carbohydrates decreased during the 21 days storage and more so during the vase phase of the flowering shoots. The fact that such low concentrations were effective in controlling chilling injury suggests that the sugars may have an effect other than on the osmotic potential. Cut ‘flower’ shoots of Leucadendron ‘Chameleon’, ‘Laurel Yellow’ and ‘Safari Sunset’ were stored for 14, 21 and 28 days, at 1º, 3º and 5ºC and CI development recorded during the subsequent 10 day vase phase. ‘Laurel Yellow’ and ‘Safari Sunset’ showed signs of chilling injury on the leaves after 28 days storage at 3ºC or lower and ‘Safari Sunset’ stored for 21 days developed chilling injury during the vase phase. Immature involucral leaves were more sensitive to chilling injury than leaves. CI increased with longer exposure times and lower storage temperatures for all three cultivars evaluated. ‘Chameleon’ was the most chilling tolerant of the cultivars up to 21 days. At 5ºC chilling injury was low irrespective of cold storage duration but longer exposures to 1º and 3ºC resulted in increased chilling injury development during the vase phase. All three cultivars were pulsed with 5 ml per stem of a 1% (w/v) solution of lactulose, sucrose, glucose, fructose or mannose and stored for 14, 21 and 28 days at 1ºC. The sugars reduced chilling injury on the leaves for ‘Safari Sunset’ when stored for 28 days and, to a lesser extent, in ‘Chameleon’. The sugars failed to reduce chilling injury of the involucral leaves of ‘Chameleon’ and ‘Laurel Yellow’ whereas there was some control especially after 28 days for ‘Safari Sunset’. In some cases the sugar pulse exacerbated chilling injury. Chilling injury generally increased rapidly after storage during the first three days in the vase and then at a lower rate for the next seven days. Leucadendron ‘Chameleon’, ‘Laurel Yellow’ and ‘Safari Sunset’ ‘cut flower’ shoots were pulsed with a 1% (w/v) glucose solution. Expressed on a dry weight basis, an increase in glucose concentration was not detected. The reduction in chilling injury of leaves by a sugar pulse is speculated, as for the Leucospermums, to be as a result of their presence in the apoplast and not the symplast and that their presence there protects the membranes against chilling conditions in some way. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die kwaliteit van sekere Leucospermum en Leucadendron kultivars na ongeveer 21 dae verskeping is waargeneem as substandaard as gevolg van die uitdroog van blare en, in die geval van Leucadendrons, die ‘involucral’ blare. Die aard van die simptome van hierdie uitdroging en die toestande waaronder dit plaasvind nl. lang periodes van blootstelling aan lae temperature, het ons tot die hipotese gebring dat hierdie simptome van koueskade is. Sover as wat ons bewus is, is koueskade nog nie gedokumenteer op Leucospermums of Leucadendrons nie. Tipiese koueskade simptomologie word bespreek en gewys vir Leucospermum ‘Gold Dust’, ‘High Gold’ en ‘Succession’ en vir Leucadendron ‘Chameleon’, ‘Laurel Yellow’ en ‘Safari Sunset’. Die koueskade simptome vir Leucospermums en Leucadendrons was oor die algemeen membraan afbraak wat ‘n water deurdrenkte voorkoms tot gevolg gehad het wat in ‘n meer gevorderde stadium sigbaar was as uitgedroogde kolle op die blare. In die geval van Leucadendrons was koueskade ook sigbaar op die onvolwasse ‘involucral’ blare wat meer sensitief is vir koue toestande as volwasse blare. Donker verkleuring van veral onvolwasse ‘involucral’ blare is ook ‘n simptoom van koueskade. Aangesien wateropname van stele met koueskade verhinder word, verwelk die ‘styles’ van die Leucospermums. Soos verwag kan word hoe laer die temperature onder die drempel temperatuur en hoe langer die blootstelling, hoe meer ernstig die simptome. Koueskade is aangeteken op gesnyde blomstele van Leucospermum ‘Gold Dust’, ‘High Gold’, ‘Rigoletto’, ‘Succession’ en ‘Vlam’ na 21 en 24 dae opberging by 1°C. Na 24 dae opberging was die koueskade meer ernstig as na 21 dae opberging in meeste gevalle. Elke kultivar het 5ml per steel van ‘n 2% (g/v) suiker oplossing van laktolose, sucrose, glucose, fruktose of mannose voor opberging opgeneem. Na opberging is koueskade aangeteken op dag 0, 3, 7 en 10. Van die kultivars wat getoets is, was ‘Vlam’ en veral ‘Rigoletto’ meer geneig tot koueskade ontwikkeling. ‘High Gold’ en ‘Vlam’ stele is geplaas in oplossings van 0 (kontrole), 1.5, 3 of 4 % (g/v) oplossings van mannose of fruktose. Die beste beheer van koueskade vir beide kultivars is deur die 1.5 (g/v) oplossing behaal. Laer konsentrasies van mannose en fruktose is getoets op ‘High Gold’ stele met ‘n 1% (g/v) mannose oplossing wat die beste beheer gegee het. Met hoë konsentrasies het tekens van toksisiteit sigbaar geword direk na opneem van die oplossing. ‘High Gold’ stele is geplaas in 1% (g/v) oplossings van mannose of fruktose en suiker analises is uitgevoer op stele by verskillende stadiums van opberging en na 10 dae in die vaas. ‘n Effense toename in mannose en fruktose is waargeneem in die stele van die blomme direk na opname van die oplossing, maar nie in die blare of die blomme nie. Dit is as gevolg van die lae konsentrasies wat gebruik is. Die vlakke van al die koolhidrate het afgeneem gedurende die 21 dae opberging en nog meer so gedurende die vaas periode van die blommende stele. Die feit dat sulke lae konsentrasies effektief is in die beheer van koueskade dui daarop dat die suikers ‘n effek het anders as op die osmotiese potensiaal. Snyblomme van Leucadendron ‘Chameleon’, ‘Laurel Yellow’ en ‘Safari Sunset’ is opgeberg vir 14, 21 en 28 dae, by 1º, 3º en 5°C en koueskade ontwikkeling is aangeteken gedurende die opvolgende 10 dae vaas periode. ‘Laurel Yellow’ en ‘Safari Sunset’ het tekens gewys van koueskade op die blare na 28 dae opberging by 3°C of laer en ‘Safari Sunset’ opgeberg vir 21 dae het koueskade ontwikkel gedurende die vaas periode. Onvolwasse ‘involucral’ blare was meer sensitief vir koueskade as die blare. Koueskade het toegeneem met langer blootstellingstye en laer opbergins temperature vir al drie kultivars geëvalueer. ‘Chameleon’ was die mees koueverdraagsaam van die drie kultivars tot op 21 dae. By 5°C was laag ongeag van die koue opberging tydperk, maar langer blootstellings aan 1º en 3°C het gelei tot toename in koueskade ontwikkeling gedurende die vaas periode. Al drie kultivars is voorsien met 5ml per steel van ‘n 1% (g/v) oplossing van lactulose, sucrose, glucose, fruktose of mannose en opgeberg vir 14, 21 en 28 dae by 1°C. Die suikers het koueskade verminder op die blare van ‘Safari Sunset’ wanneer opgeberg vir 28 dae en, tot ‘n mindere mate, in ‘Chameleon’. Die suikers het egter nie koueskade verminder van die ‘involucral’ blare van ‘Chameleon’ en ‘Laurel Yellow’ nie, waar daar egter wel in ‘n mate beheer was veral na 28 dae vir ‘Safari Sunset’. In sommige gevalle het die voorsiening van suiker die koueskade vererger. Koueskade het oor die algemeen vinnig toegeneem na opberging gedurende die eerste drie dae in die vaas en dan teen ‘n laer tempo vir die volgende sewe dae. Leucadendron ‘Chameleon’, ‘Laurel Yellow’ en ‘Safari Sunset’ snyblom stele is voorsien van ‘n 1% (g/v) glukose oplossing. Uitgedruk op ‘n droëmassa basis is ‘n toename in glukose konsentrasie nie waargeneem nie. Die afname in koueskade van blare deur die voorsiening van ‘n suiker oplossing is gespekuleer vir die Leucospermums, om ‘n resultaat te wees van hulle teenwoordigheid in die apoplas en nie die simplas nie, en dat die teenwoordigheid daar die membrane op ‘n manier beskerm teen koue toestande.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-02-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mota_dp_me_mar.pdf: 403956 bytes, checksum: bc5c9fe9a63f1d20c8baf0c291b2df11 (MD5) / O trabalho analisa o desenvolvimento do projeto cutista que visa instituir um modelo de sindicato orgânico, projeto que ganhou impulso na Proposta de Reforma Sindical enviada ao Congresso Nacional pelo Governo Lula após discussões que saíram do Fórum Nacional do Trabalho (FNT), espaço tripartite criado para discutir alterações na estrutura sindical e legislação trabalhista brasileiras. Articulou-se com a hipótese de que, por meio do citado projeto, a Central Única dos Trabalhadores (CUT) acabaria por aprofundar uma pratica sindical defensiva, eis que ao restringir sua atuação às questões afetas ao interior do processo de produção de mercadorias, evidenciaria seus limites e dificuldades na constituição de um sindicalismo classista, privilegiando um consenso cupulista em detrimento da conscientização dos trabalhadores pela base. Pretende-se demonstrar, seja analisando os debates travados durante seus Congressos, ou ainda os resultados obtidos durante o Fórum Nacional do Trabalho, que a CUT afastou-se das principais determinações colocadas pelo capital em face da classe trabalhadora; preferiu, propor alterações na estrutura sindical que distanciariam, ainda mais, o chão de fabrica do aparelho sindical, abrindo as portas para a flexibilização da legislação trabalhista e dificultando, por conseqüência, a participação da base no processo de intervenção política com vistas a sua própria emancipação.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivos identificar a percepção dos líderes sindicais frente às mudanças que estão sendo propostas na estrutura sindical brasileira e na flexibilização de direitos sociais e compreender o funcionamento das entidades pesquisadas, apresentando suas principais bandeiras de luta e a forma como atuam para alcançá-las. A revisão da literatura estrutura-se em torno das implicações da globalização econômica sobre o processo produtivo e as relações de trabalho, a evolução histórica dos sindicatos brasileiros, as caraterísticas do atual modelo sindical brasileiro e as transformações que estão sendo propostas para mudança desse modelo. A metodologia adotada é a do estudo exploratório descritivo combinado, dividido em duas fases – uma fase qualitativa e outra quantitativa. A análise dos dados identifica a posição das lideranças de dois grupos de sindicatos, um vinculado à Central Única dos Trabalhadores - CUT e outro associado à Força Sindical. A análise é complementada com os dados obtidos nas entrevistas realizadas com uma liderança de cada uma das centrais citadas. A partir dos dados apontados na pesquisa, tecem-se os comentários finais.

Pesquisa de artes visuais que trata do funcionamento da representação de uma cena comum quando modificados seus limites de referência habituais. Para esta investigação são utilizadas a paisagem como fonte de imagens e a fotografia como meio técnico. Aborda a construção da paisagem como gênero e as modulações do meio fotográfico. Tem como imagens resultantes, fotografias do céu diurno sem nuvens e, por isso, trata da cor azul e de alguns aspectos dos planos monocromáticos na arte. / Visual arts research about the way the representation of an usual scene operates when its habitual referential limits are modified. For this investigation the source of images is the landscape and the technical medium is photography. The research approaches the construction of the landscape as a genre and the photographic medium modulations. With photographies of cloudless sky in daytime as resulting images, it also examines the blue color and some aspects of the monocromatic surfaces in visual arts.

No description available.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivos identificar a percepção dos líderes sindicais frente às mudanças que estão sendo propostas na estrutura sindical brasileira e na flexibilização de direitos sociais e compreender o funcionamento das entidades pesquisadas, apresentando suas principais bandeiras de luta e a forma como atuam para alcançá-las. A revisão da literatura estrutura-se em torno das implicações da globalização econômica sobre o processo produtivo e as relações de trabalho, a evolução histórica dos sindicatos brasileiros, as caraterísticas do atual modelo sindical brasileiro e as transformações que estão sendo propostas para mudança desse modelo. A metodologia adotada é a do estudo exploratório descritivo combinado, dividido em duas fases – uma fase qualitativa e outra quantitativa. A análise dos dados identifica a posição das lideranças de dois grupos de sindicatos, um vinculado à Central Única dos Trabalhadores - CUT e outro associado à Força Sindical. A análise é complementada com os dados obtidos nas entrevistas realizadas com uma liderança de cada uma das centrais citadas. A partir dos dados apontados na pesquisa, tecem-se os comentários finais.