Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-05-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:24:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000737544.pdf: 4940477 bytes, checksum: 0101681bb21fe135e941ea5c67aaaadf (MD5) / A composição e a diversidade de comunidades microbianas podem ser usadas como indicadores da qualidade do solo, pois respondem rapidamente às mudanças ambientais. A intensificação da agricultura causa significante perda de diversidade, reduzindo a habilidade do ecossistema resistir a períodos de estresse e efeitos ambientais indesejáveis. Esta redução é mais evidente quando se trata de sistemas de monocultura, impactando os microrganismos e diversos invertebrados, e também reduz a capacidade de auto-regulação do solo. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a diversidade bacteriana em solos de floresta e em solos cultivados com canade- açúcar (Saccharum spp.) em diferentes períodos do ano que possa estar relacionada com a dinâmica dos ciclos biogeoquímicos, bem como um estudo comparativo entre diferentes áreas de cultivo e técnicas de sequenciamento. As amostras de solo foram coletadas no município de Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP. Amostras de DNA metagenômico de cada solo foram extraídas e construídas quatro bibliotecas com amplicons do gene 16S rRNA e quatro bibliotecas com amplicons da região V1 e V2 (Vi) do gene 16S rRNA. Um estudo comparativo com sequencias obtidas nas mesmas condições em outra área situada no município de Mococa, SP também foi analisado. Através dos dados obtidos, foi verificado que em solos de Floresta, independente do período do ano e área analisada, os filos bacterianos e a atividade dos organismos em relação aos ciclos biogeoquímicos, permaneceram praticamente inalterados. Este fato pode ser atribuído à estabilidade desde tipo de ecossistema, no qual existe ciclagem constante de nutrientes. Nas amostras de cana-de-açúcar, observou-se variação na frequência dos organismos encontrados em relação a diferentes coletas... / Microbial communities diversity and composition can be used as soil quality indicators, because respond quickly to environmental changes. Agriculture intensification causes significant loss of diversity, reducing the ability of the ecosystem to resist to periods of stress and undesirable environmental effects. This reduction is more evident when dealing with monoculture systems, impacting the microorganisms and several invertebrates, and also reduce the capacity of the soil self regulation. So, this study aims to analyze the bacterial diversity in forest soils and in soils cultivated with sugar cane (Saccharum spp.) in different periods of the year that can be related to biogeochemical cycles dynamic, as well as a comparative study between farming areas and sequencing techniques. Metagenomic DNA samples of each soil were extracted and built four libraries with gene 16S rRNA amplicons and four libraries with amplicons from gene 16S rRNA region Vi. A comparative study with obtained sequences in same conditions in another area situated in the municipality of Mococa, SP was also analyzed. Through the obtained data, it was found that in forest soils, regardless of the period of year and the area analyzed, bacterial phyla and organisms’ activity in relation to biogeochemical cycles, remained practically unchanged. This fact can be assigned to this type of ecosystem stability, in which there is a constant nutrients cycling. In soil samples cultivated with sugar cane, was observed variation in organisms frequency found in relation to different collections...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-06-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000737578.pdf: 3803187 bytes, checksum: b8c4f772c3838e4786b19e09a8dc45b5 (MD5) / Os manguezais apresentam características que os diferenciam dos demais ecossistemas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os grupos microbianos (bactérias totais, esporuladas, Gram-negativas, actinobactérias, nitrificantes, desnitrificantes e fungos), as atividades metabólicas de bactérias e fungos, as atividades microbianas relacionadas ao ciclo do C, N, P (atividade respiratória, da desidrogenase, amonificante, nitrificante, da urease, da protease, solubilizadora de fosfato e da fosfatase ácida), além das análises químico-físicas (umidade, matéria orgânica, carbono orgânico total, carbono solúvel, carboidratos totais, fracionamento do fósforo, pH e salinidade) do solo de manguezal e compará-las com os de floresta e restinga. As amostras de solos foram coletadas durante o verão e o inverno, nas profundidades de 0 – 2 cm, 2 – 5 cm e 5 – 10 cm. Os micro-organismos isolados foram testados quanto à habilidade de produzir amilase, fosfatase ácida e/ou solubilizar fosfato inorgânico. Os resultados foram interpretados com análise estatística univariada. Excetuando os fungos totais, as contagens dos demais grupos microbianos decresceram significativamente (p < 0,05) na seguinte ordem: floresta > manguezal > restinga. As populações de actinobactérias predominaram no solo de floresta, porém foram semelhantes (p < 0,05) nos solos de manguezal e de restinga. O número das bactérias desnitrificantes foi similar nos solos de floresta e de manguezal e maior que o do solo de restinga. As contagens dos micro-organismos decresceram significativamente 11 e 21% da camada superficial para a 2 – 5 cm e 5 – 10 cm, porém as desnitrificantes aumentaram 44 e 166%. Enquanto o número de bactérias totais, esporuladas, Gram-negativas, nitrificantes e desnitrificantes decresceu (p < 0,05) 32% em média do verão para o inverno, o das actinobactérias permaneceu invariável e dos fungos aumentou 29%... / Mangroves has characteristics that differentiate them from other ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of microbial groups (total, sporulating, Gram-negative, actinomycetes, nitrifying, denitrifying bacteria and fungi), the bacteria and fungi metabolic activities, microbial activities related to the cycle of C, N, P (respiration, dehydrogenase, ammonium-oxidizing, urease, protease, solubilizing phosphate and acid phosphatase activities), and chemical-physical analysis (moisture, organic matter, total organic carbon, soluble carbon, carbohydrates, fractionation phosphorus, pH and salinity) from mangrove soil, comparing them with the restinga and forest soils. Soil samples were collected during the summer and winter, at depths of 0 – 2 cm, 2 – 5 cm and 5 - 10 cm. The microorganisms isolated were tested for their ability to produce amylase, acid phosphatase and/or solubilize inorganic phosphate. Results were interpreted with univariate statistical analysis. Except fungi total scores of other microbial groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the following order: forest > mangrove > restinga. Populations of actinomycetes predominated in the forest soil, but were similar (p < 0.05) in mangrove soils and restinga. The denitrifying bacteria number was similar in forest and mangrove soil and higher than restinga soils. The microorganism counts decreased significantly 11 and 21% the surface layer for 2 - 5 cm and 5 - 10 cm, however, denitrifying increased 44 and 166%. While total number, sporulating, Gram-negative, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria decreased (p < 0.05), on average 32% from summer to winter, actinomycetes remained unchanged and fungi increased 29%...

Low-temperature energy systems are processes that operate below ambient temperatures and make use of refrigeration cycles, where the main energy consumption is due to the shaft work required to drive the compressors. Very-low-temperature energy systems, also known as cryogenic processes, operate at around -150°C and below. Due to increasing demand of products from cryogenic processes and tighter environmental regulations, existing plants need to be revamped to increase their energy efficiency or adapt to new processing capacities. So, accurate models of the performance of cryogenic processes are needed in order to optimise their operation. The present work proposes a new approach for optimising the operating conditions of existing refrigeration cycles in cryogenic processes, using pure refrigerants, for different plant operating conditions. In this work, the process conditions are considered as given and not considered as variables during the optimisation. The operational optimisation is achieved by integrating models for the part-load performance of centrifugal compressors and models for the simulation of plate-fin heat exchangers (PFHEs), into a single optimisation approach. An optimisation approach similar to the one proposed in this work was not found in the open literature. The optimisation approach varies the refrigerant evaporation temperatures, flow rates and cooling duties, minimum temperature difference in PFHEs, and rotational speed of compressors. The objective function seeks to minimise shaft work demand and the constraints consider the operational limitations of centrifugal compressors (minimum and maximum flow rates) and PFHEs (no temperature crosses and meeting the target temperatures of the process streams). In order to explore the solution space that is generated by the complex interactions between the variables and find an approximation to a global optimum, a multistart optimisation algorithm is implemented. The part-load centrifugal compressor model implemented in this work uses regressed data from their performance curves together with the fan laws. The proposed simulation model of PFHEs represents these units as a ‘fictitious’ heat exchanger network of two-stream matches. The simulation model accounts for single and two-phase streams and for the temperature-dependent physical properties of pure refrigerants (e.g. viscosity, heat capacity, etc.). In addition to the simulation model, design and rating models for PFHEs with single and two-phase streams are also proposed. The examples presented in this work for the design, simulation and rating of single and two-phase streams in PFHEs show that the models proposed can find feasible designs, and can predict the outlet temperature of the process streams within ±3°C for different inlet conditions. The example presented in this work for the operational optimisation of refrigeration cycles shows that savings of around 3% in shaft work consumption (up to £0.86 million per year), for different process throughput, can be achieved using the proposed methodology.

The advent of advanced means of communication, faster modes of transportation and sophisticated trading technologies has facilitated economic and financial integration across the world. The emergence of globalization in the last two decades has transformed the economic outlook and perceptions of consumers, investors and policymakers. Consumers have a vast range of goods and services to choose from, investors seeking to maximize profits and minimize risks have access to markets worldwide and last, but not least, policymakers can harness the benefits accruing from international trade to abet economic growth and development. Although augmented economic and financial integration has its benefits, it does have its pitfalls as well. Highly synchronized financial and goods markets are relatively less insulated from disturbances or shocks arising in foreign markets. This synchrony makes these markets more susceptible to foreign shocks, thus, compromising their economic autonomy. Accordingly, the issue economic interdependence among countries warrants a detailed investigation. This dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay investigates exchange rate dynamics among the ASEAN-5 economies of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. The second essay is dedicated to a detailed analysis of real and monetary interrelationships among the economies of Norway, Sweden, the UK and the US. In the third essay, the short-term and the long-term co-movements among the price of crude oil and the real exchange rates of the Canadian Dollar and the Norwegian Krone are examined. Exchange rate movements are central to international trade and finance as they directly impact the relative price of goods and services in domestic and foreign markets. Fluctuations in exchange rates can have a significant bearing on the terms of trade and the value of foreign asset holdings. Moreover, they can potentially transmit economic shocks across countries. Consequently, exchange rate dynamics are of keen interest to investors and policymakers alike. In the first essay, common trends and common cycles among the exchange rates of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand are investigated in detail. We identify and isolate the permanent and transitory components of the nominal exchange rates of the currencies of Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand in an effort to examine the similitude of their responses to within-country and across-country economic disturbances in the long-run as well as in the short-run. This also allows us to ascertain the relative impacts of permanent and transitory shocks on the behavior of the observed exchange rate series. We find that a large proportion of economic and financial shocks have a dual impact on the behavior of the exchange rates, i.e., while a proportion of the impact of certain shocks is transitory and fades away with time, there is a persistent proportion of these shocks that alters the long-run path of the exchange rates. Thus, most shocks cannot be considered as exclusively transitory or permanent. It is observed that in the case of pegged exchange rate regimes, the trend and cyclical components move in opposite directions and offset the impacts of one another. The small open economies of Norway and Sweden rely extensively on foreign trade. Outside the Scandinavian group of countries, Germany and the UK are two of their biggest trading partners within the European Union (EU), while the US is one of their largest non-EU trading partners. Real and monetary disturbances in one or more countries can easily be transmitted to other countries that are linked through channels of trade. Consequently, the assessment of the impact of foreign shocks on the domestic economy is central to the formulation of economic policy. In light of this, the second essay is dedicated to the investigation of the impact of real and monetary disturbances arising in the major trading partners of Norway and Sweden on their respective price levels and outputs. Such an assessment may provide useful insights into the nature of the transmission mechanism of economic disturbances across these countries and may prove to be useful in the formulation and conduct of monetary policy. The central banks of Norway and Sweden seek output stability while explicitly targeting pre-specified inflation rates in order to conduct monetary policy. The achievement of such quantitative targets relies considerably on the forecasts of the target variables themselves, and of the impact of the changes in the instrument variables that are adjusted to achieve the targets. Our results indicate that output shocks have a more significant impact than monetary shocks on the GDPs of both Norway and Sweden. While the GDPs of Norway and Sweden are predominantly influenced by output shocks originating in Norway and Sweden in the short-run, the output shocks originating in the larger economies of the UK and the US dominate the variation in the GDPs of Norway and Sweden in the long-run. We find that monetary shocks have a more significant impact than real shocks on the CPI variables of both Norway and Sweden. Specifically, the monetary shocks originating in Norway, Sweden and the UK are found to be more significant than those originating in the US. Crude oil constitutes a large proportion of exports for Canada and Norway. In fact, they are two of the largest net exporters of crude oil in the world. Therefore, oil price shocks may significantly impact the trade balance of these countries, thereby, prompting their monetary and fiscal authorities to intervene. The nature and the degree of the intervention would depend significantly on the assessment as to whether these shocks are permanent and/or transitory. Accordingly, the links among the trends and cycles in the price of crude oil, the real exchange rate of the Canadian Dollar and the real exchange rate of the Norwegian Krone are investigated in the third essay. We address this issue by ascertaining the presence of common trends and common cycles among the price of crude oil and the two real exchange rates, and then decomposing them into their trend and cyclical components in a multivariate modeling framework. We find that, while the real exchange rates of the Canadian Dollar and the Norwegian Krone vis-à-vis the US Dollar are trend-dominated, the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil price is neither trend-dominated nor cycle-dominated. We also find evidence for a positive relationship among the cyclical components of the WTI crude oil price and the two real exchange rates. As a robustness check, common trends and common cycles among the Brent crude oil price denominated in Euros, and the real exchange rates of the Canadian Dollar and the Norwegian Krone vis-à-vis the Euro are also examined. As in the previous case, we find evidence for the presence of common trends as well as common cycles. The positive co-movement among the cyclical components of the price of crude oil and the real exchange rates appears to be robust to changes in the numeraire currency. However, we observe a slight contrast in the co-movement among the trend components of the three variables when different numeraire currencies are used. The composition of the dissertation is as follows: The first chapter serves as an introduction to the dissertation and presents a broad picture of the analyses undertaken in this dissertation. Chapters two, three and four comprise essays one, two and three respectively. Chapter five concludes the dissertation.

abstract: Municipal courtrooms are brimming with a variety of positive and negative emotions from defendants who are primarily encountering the criminal justice system for the first time. Municipal court judges and bailiffs must work together and find ways to communicate important information about courtroom processes to up to 70-120 defendants a day. This dissertation investigates how municipal court judges and bailiffs from two municipal courthouses respond to three organizational challenges associated with emotion--defendant confusion about courtroom processes, handling high caseloads while treating defendants as customers of the court, and managing the serious and tedious emotional moods of the courtroom environment. Using qualitative methods of observation and informal and formal interviews, this dissertation analyzes how emotion cycles between judges and bailiffs help give sense to and break sense of defendants while simultaneously helping them navigate the challenges of their work. Findings detail the nature of work in municipal court--explaining the challenges associated with emotion that judges and bailiffs face on a daily basis. The data also describes the emotional roles that judges and bailiffs employ in the courtroom. The judges' emotional roles include tension relievers, order enforcers, and care takers. Bailiffs' emotional roles comprise rule enforcers, toxin handlers, and do gooders. The heart of the analysis explores how judges and bailiffs give sense to defendants when unexpected situations manifest in the courtroom and break sense of defendants who hold incorrect or less favored beliefs about courtroom procedures. The emotional displays and responses of judges, bailiffs, primary defendants (defendants before the judge), and third party defendants (those watching in the audience) enable sensegiving and sensebreaking to occur. The emotion cycles allow courtroom staff to impact the sensemaking process of defendants in a fast and efficient manner. Theoretical implications include extensions of emotion cycle research through a consideration of the displays and responses of primary agents, intermediate agents, and primary recipients of emotional displays. Practical implications describe how specific training practices and space for employee discussion could enhance the workplace wellness of judges and bailiffs. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Communication 2012

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Bibliography: Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-172). Description: xiv, 172 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.

Cette thèse étudie le rôle du cycle financier dans la macroéconomie. Le chapitre 1 étudie le synchronisme des cycles conjoncturels et des cycles financiers en zone euro. Le chapitre 2 propose une nouvelle mesure de l’écart de production corrigé des facteurs financiers. Le chapitre 3 propose un indicateur simple et intuitif pour quantifier la procyclicité de la politique budgétaire en fonction d’estimations de l’écart de production et du solde budgétaire primaire corrigé des variations conjoncturelles. La thèse montre que la prise en compte du cycle financier permet d’éclairer l’analyse des fluctuations macrofinancières. L’un des résultats clés est que la Grèce, l’Irlande et l’Espagne ont connu un cycle de macrofinancier boom­bust commun dans les années 2000. Les éléments empiriques présentés dans les trois chapitres de cette thèse ont des implications pour les principaux domaines de la politique macroéconomique : la politique monétaire (les politiques macroprudentielles et monétaires doivent être coordonnées), la politique budgétaire (la procyclicité de la politique budgétaire peut être réduite en tenant compte du cycle financier dans l’estimation du solde budgétaire structurel), et la politique financière (les politiques de stabilité financière peuvent compléter les politiques budgétaires et monétaires dans leur fonction de stabilisation du cycle). / This dissertation studies the role of the financial cycle in macroeconomics. Chapter 1 studies the synchronization of business cycles and financial cycles in the euro area. Chapter 2 proposes a new, finance­adjusted measure of the output gap. Chapter 3 proposes a simple and intuitive indicator to quantify the pro­cyclicality of fiscal policy based on output gap and cyclically­adjusted primary fiscal balance estimates. The dissertation shows that taking account of the financial cycle can help inform the analysis of macrofinancial fluctuations. A key finding is that Greece, Ireland and Spain experienced a common macrofinancial boom­bust cycle in the 2000s. The evidence in the three chapters of this dissertation has implications for the main areas of macroeconomic policy: monetary policy (macroprudential and monetary policies should be coordinated), fiscal policy (fiscal policy pro-cyclicality can be reduced by taking account of the financial cycle in estimating structural fiscal balances), and financial policy (financial stability policies can complement fiscal and monetary policies in stabilizing the cycle).

Orientadora: Lúcia Maria Carareto Alves / Banca: Antonio Carlos Monteiro / Banca: Haroldo Alves Pereira Júnior / Banca: Luciano Takeshi Kishi / Banca: Mariana Carina Frigieri Salaro / Resumo: A composição e a diversidade de comunidades microbianas podem ser usadas como indicadores da qualidade do solo, pois respondem rapidamente às mudanças ambientais. A intensificação da agricultura causa significante perda de diversidade, reduzindo a habilidade do ecossistema resistir a períodos de estresse e efeitos ambientais indesejáveis. Esta redução é mais evidente quando se trata de sistemas de monocultura, impactando os microrganismos e diversos invertebrados, e também reduz a capacidade de auto-regulação do solo. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a diversidade bacteriana em solos de floresta e em solos cultivados com canade- açúcar (Saccharum spp.) em diferentes períodos do ano que possa estar relacionada com a dinâmica dos ciclos biogeoquímicos, bem como um estudo comparativo entre diferentes áreas de cultivo e técnicas de sequenciamento. As amostras de solo foram coletadas no município de Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP. Amostras de DNA metagenômico de cada solo foram extraídas e construídas quatro bibliotecas com amplicons do gene 16S rRNA e quatro bibliotecas com amplicons da região V1 e V2 (Vi) do gene 16S rRNA. Um estudo comparativo com sequencias obtidas nas mesmas condições em outra área situada no município de Mococa, SP também foi analisado. Através dos dados obtidos, foi verificado que em solos de Floresta, independente do período do ano e área analisada, os filos bacterianos e a atividade dos organismos em relação aos ciclos biogeoquímicos, permaneceram praticamente inalterados. Este fato pode ser atribuído à estabilidade desde tipo de ecossistema, no qual existe ciclagem constante de nutrientes. Nas amostras de cana-de-açúcar, observou-se variação na frequência dos organismos encontrados em relação a diferentes coletas... / Abstract: Microbial communities diversity and composition can be used as soil quality indicators, because respond quickly to environmental changes. Agriculture intensification causes significant loss of diversity, reducing the ability of the ecosystem to resist to periods of stress and undesirable environmental effects. This reduction is more evident when dealing with monoculture systems, impacting the microorganisms and several invertebrates, and also reduce the capacity of the soil self regulation. So, this study aims to analyze the bacterial diversity in forest soils and in soils cultivated with sugar cane (Saccharum spp.) in different periods of the year that can be related to biogeochemical cycles dynamic, as well as a comparative study between farming areas and sequencing techniques. Metagenomic DNA samples of each soil were extracted and built four libraries with gene 16S rRNA amplicons and four libraries with amplicons from gene 16S rRNA region Vi. A comparative study with obtained sequences in same conditions in another area situated in the municipality of Mococa, SP was also analyzed. Through the obtained data, it was found that in forest soils, regardless of the period of year and the area analyzed, bacterial phyla and organisms' activity in relation to biogeochemical cycles, remained practically unchanged. This fact can be assigned to this type of ecosystem stability, in which there is a constant nutrients cycling. In soil samples cultivated with sugar cane, was observed variation in organisms frequency found in relation to different collections... / Doutor

Orientador: Ely Nahas / Banca: Marli de Fátima Fiori / Banca: Diva de Souza Andrade / Banca: José Eduardo Corá / Banca: Jackson Antônio Marcondes de Souza / Resumo: Os manguezais apresentam características que os diferenciam dos demais ecossistemas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os grupos microbianos (bactérias totais, esporuladas, Gram-negativas, actinobactérias, nitrificantes, desnitrificantes e fungos), as atividades metabólicas de bactérias e fungos, as atividades microbianas relacionadas ao ciclo do C, N, P (atividade respiratória, da desidrogenase, amonificante, nitrificante, da urease, da protease, solubilizadora de fosfato e da fosfatase ácida), além das análises químico-físicas (umidade, matéria orgânica, carbono orgânico total, carbono solúvel, carboidratos totais, fracionamento do fósforo, pH e salinidade) do solo de manguezal e compará-las com os de floresta e restinga. As amostras de solos foram coletadas durante o verão e o inverno, nas profundidades de 0 - 2 cm, 2 - 5 cm e 5 - 10 cm. Os micro-organismos isolados foram testados quanto à habilidade de produzir amilase, fosfatase ácida e/ou solubilizar fosfato inorgânico. Os resultados foram interpretados com análise estatística univariada. Excetuando os fungos totais, as contagens dos demais grupos microbianos decresceram significativamente (p < 0,05) na seguinte ordem: floresta > manguezal > restinga. As populações de actinobactérias predominaram no solo de floresta, porém foram semelhantes (p < 0,05) nos solos de manguezal e de restinga. O número das bactérias desnitrificantes foi similar nos solos de floresta e de manguezal e maior que o do solo de restinga. As contagens dos micro-organismos decresceram significativamente 11 e 21% da camada superficial para a 2 - 5 cm e 5 - 10 cm, porém as desnitrificantes aumentaram 44 e 166%. Enquanto o número de bactérias totais, esporuladas, Gram-negativas, nitrificantes e desnitrificantes decresceu (p < 0,05) 32% em média do verão para o inverno, o das actinobactérias permaneceu invariável e dos fungos aumentou 29%... / Abstract: Mangroves has characteristics that differentiate them from other ecosystems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of microbial groups (total, sporulating, Gram-negative, actinomycetes, nitrifying, denitrifying bacteria and fungi), the bacteria and fungi metabolic activities, microbial activities related to the cycle of C, N, P (respiration, dehydrogenase, ammonium-oxidizing, urease, protease, solubilizing phosphate and acid phosphatase activities), and chemical-physical analysis (moisture, organic matter, total organic carbon, soluble carbon, carbohydrates, fractionation phosphorus, pH and salinity) from mangrove soil, comparing them with the restinga and forest soils. Soil samples were collected during the summer and winter, at depths of 0 - 2 cm, 2 - 5 cm and 5 - 10 cm. The microorganisms isolated were tested for their ability to produce amylase, acid phosphatase and/or solubilize inorganic phosphate. Results were interpreted with univariate statistical analysis. Except fungi total scores of other microbial groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the following order: forest > mangrove > restinga. Populations of actinomycetes predominated in the forest soil, but were similar (p < 0.05) in mangrove soils and restinga. The denitrifying bacteria number was similar in forest and mangrove soil and higher than restinga soils. The microorganism counts decreased significantly 11 and 21% the surface layer for 2 - 5 cm and 5 - 10 cm, however, denitrifying increased 44 and 166%. While total number, sporulating, Gram-negative, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria decreased (p < 0.05), on average 32% from summer to winter, actinomycetes remained unchanged and fungi increased 29%... / Doutor

Submitted by Raul Felipe Appis (raul_appis_2010@hotmail.com) on 2018-03-12T17:34:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 textodissertacaoRAUL.pdf: 1347871 bytes, checksum: fed2ed8a808775f7df369369cac75556 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-03-13T18:24:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 appis_rf_me_sjrp.pdf: 1347871 bytes, checksum: fed2ed8a808775f7df369369cac75556 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-13T18:24:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 appis_rf_me_sjrp.pdf: 1347871 bytes, checksum: fed2ed8a808775f7df369369cac75556 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Neste trabalho, nosso principal objetivo é estudar a existência e estabilidade de ciclos limite de costura em sistemas lineares planares de Filippov descontínuos obtidos pela agregação de dois sistemas lineares planares do tipo foco, e tendo apenas um ponto de equilíbrio. Ao usar uma forma normal adequada com cinco parâmetros, é realizado um estudo completo de algumas aplicações de Poincaré. São encontradas diferentes bifurcações que são responsáveis pelo aparecimento de ciclos limite de costura e regiões abertas no espaço de parâmetros com nenhum, um, dois e três ciclos limite de costura. / In this work our main aim is to study the existence and stability of crossing limit cycles in planar linear systems of discontinuous Filippov obtained by the aggregation of two planar linear systems of focus type, and having only one equilibrium point is considered. By using an adequate normal form with five parameters, a thorough study of some Poincar´e maps is performed. Different bifurcations which are responsible for the appearance of crossing limit cycles are detected and open regions in the parameters space with none, one, two and three crossing limit cycles are found. / 2015/24803-0