Toxoplasma gondii, protozoaire ubiquitaire chez les mammifères et les oiseaux, est l’agent étiologique de la toxoplasmose, une maladie posant un réel problème de santé publique dans le monde avec environ 200 000 nouveaux cas de toxoplasmose congénitale chaque année. Il a été montré que la sévérité clinique de la toxoplasmose variait en fonction des régions géographiques, avec en particulier l’Amérique du Sud qui paie le plus lourd tribu de cette maladie. Malheureusement, les mécanismes de ces disparités géographiques sont encore peu compris et l’origine géographique ainsi que l'histoire évolutive du pathogène sont encore incertaines. Une collection mondiale de 168 isolats de T. gondii recueillis dans 13 populations de 5 continents a été séquencée pour cinq fragments de gènes (140 single nucleotide polymorphisms à partir de 3153 bp par isolat). La phylogénie basée sur les méthodes de Maximum de vraisemblance avec une estimation de l’âge du plus récent ancêtre commun (TMRCA) et des analyses géostatistiques ont été réalisées afin d’inférer l’origine hypothétique de T. gondii. Nous montrons que les souches actuelles de ce parasite ont vraisemblablement évolué à partir d’un ancêtre Sud-Américain il y a environ 1,5 million d’années et avons reconstruit la propagation mondiale du pathogène qui a suivi. Cette émergence est beaucoup plus récente que l’apparition de la forme ancestrale de T. gondii il y a environ 11 Ma et est postérieure à l’arrivée des félidés dans cette partie du monde. Nous proposons que la lignée ancestrale de T. gondii ait été introduite en Amérique du Sud avec les félidés et que l’évolution de l’infectivité orale des kystes tissulaires à travers le carnivorisme ainsi que la diversification des félidés dans cette région du monde a permis l'apparition d'une nouvelle souche ayant une capacité de transmission beaucoup plus efficace que la lignée ancestrale, ce qui lui a permis de la supplanter et d’avoir une distribution pandémique. / Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan found ubiquitously in mammals and birds, is the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, a disease causing substantial Public Health burden worldwide, including about 200,000 new cases of congenital toxoplasmosis each year. Clinical severity has been shown to vary across geographical regions with South America exhibiting the highest burden. Unfortunately, the drivers of these heterogeneities are still poorly understood, and the geographical origin and historical spread of the pathogen worldwide are currently uncertain. A worldwide sample of 168 T. gondii isolates gathered in 13 populations was sequenced for five fragments of genes (140 single nucleotide polymorphisms from 3,153 bp per isolate). Phylogeny based on Maximum likelihood methods with estimation of the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) and geostatistical analyses were performed for inferring the putative origin of T. gondii. We show that extant strains of the pathogen likely evolved from a South American ancestor, around 1.5 million years ago, and reconstruct the subsequent spread of the pathogen worldwide. This emergence is much more recent than the appearance of ancestral T. gondii, believed to have taken place about 11 My ago, and follows the arrival of felids in this part of the world. We posit that an ancestral lineage of T. gondii likely arrived in South America with felids and that the evolution of oral infectivity through carnivorism and the radiation of felids in this region enabled a new strain to outcompete the ancestral lineage and undergo a pandemic radiation.

In general, yield reduction in most dryland maize growing areas of South Africa occur because seasonal rainfall distribution is erratic with annual variation that cannot be predicted accurately. Cultivar selection, planting date and plant density are other factors that consistently affect maize yield. Long growing season maize cultivars are higher yielding, particularly under conditions of good moisture and nutrient supply. However, as both moisture and nutrient availability becomes more limiting, yield tends to decline. Short growing season maize cultivars could yield more than long season counterparts because they can maximize the growing season and potentially reach the critical flowering stage before traditional midsummer droughts occur. The short growing season maize cultivars, which have only recently been developed, have traits, which can address the problem of reduced yield, which is ascribed to midsummer drought. There has been no previous effort to evaluate the effects of planting dates and plant densities on yield and yield components of these short and ultra-short growth period maize cultivars. This prompted research in the 2004/05 growing season. One field experiment was conducted at each of two selected areas (Bethlehem&Potchefstroom) in the “Maize Triangle” of South Africa. The aim was to evaluate the response of short and ultra-short growth period maize cultivars to planting dates and plant densities at two localities with distinct environmental conditions. The effects of planting date, plant density and cultivar on yield and yield components were investigated. Both yield and yield components were affected by planting date, plant density and cultivar at both localities. At both localities early and optimum planting dates as well as low and optimum plant densities promoted increases in yield components, which contributed to increased grain yield. As for the cultivars, PAN6017 proved to be the most consistent since it out-performed other cultivars in terms of both vegetative growth, yield components and grain yield at both localities. At both localities, plant height, leaf area index and dry matter yield were affected by both planting date and plant density, with optimum planting date and optimum plant density contributing to highest yield components and yield. PAN 6017 was superior to the other cultivars at all planting dates and plant densities at both localities. In order to make findings from a study such as this applicable to the “Maize Triangle”, more research on short and ultra-short growth period maize cultivars should be conducted over a wider range of locations and seasons. / Dissertation (M Inst Agrar (Agronomy))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Plant Production and Soil Science / M Inst Agrar / unrestricted

Diploma thesis Analysis of cross border mergers in Czech Republic and Hungary consists of two parts theoretical and practical one. The first part briefly describes general terms that are necessary for better understatement in terms of mergers and acquisitions. The first half of the theoretical part focuses on key steps and regulations (law, accounting and taxes) that need to be fulfilled to make a cross border merger in Czech Republic. In the second half, the same steps are being analyzed, but from the Hungarian point of view. The last part, the practical one, shows the accomplished cross border mergers in Hungary from years 2013 to 2017. The main goal of the thesis is to explore the legal, accounting and tax aspects of cross border mergers in Czech Republic and in Hungary.

Groat oil content and composition are important quality traits in oats (Avena sativa L). These traits are controlled by many genes with additive effects. The chromosomal regions containing these genes, known as quantitative trait loci (QTL), can be discovered through their close association with markers. This study investigated total oil content and fatty acid components in an oat breeding population derived from a cross between high oil ('Dal') and low oil ('Exeter') parents. A genetic map consisting of 475 DArT (Diversity Array Technology) markers spanning 1271.8 cM across 40 linkage groups was constructed. QTL analysis for groat oil content and composition was conducted using grain samples grown at Aberdeen, ID in 1997. QTL analysis for multiple agronomic traits was also conducted using data collected from hill plots and field plots in Ottawa, ON in 2010. QTLs for oil content, palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) were identified. Two of the QTLs associated with oil content were also associated with all of the fatty acids examined in this study, and most oil-related QTL showed similar patterns of effect on the fatty acid profile. These results suggest the presence of pleiotropic effects on oil-related traits through influences at specific nodes of the oil synthesis pathway. In addition, 12 QTL-associated markers (likely representing nine unique regions) were associated with plant height, heading date, lodging, and protein content. The results of this study will provide information for molecular breeding as well as insight into the genetic mechanisms controlling oil biosynthesis in oat.

This diploma thesis deals with the tax aspects of mergers. It is divided into three chapters. The first describes general characteristics of mergers such as the reasons for undertaking mergers, a classification of various types of mergers, and a description of the merger progress. The next chapter analyzes Czech and EU legislation. The last chapter contains a detailed analysis of the tax aspects of mergers, especially in terms of income tax.

This graduate thesis deals with the analysis of unstructured data from public social media. In particular, it deals with the analysis of data from social media of Vodafone Czech Republic a.s. This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part provides theoretical background for the second part. Therefore, the first part describes social media, structured and unstructured data and tools which are used for analysing of unstructured data. In the second part, tool Watson is used for the analysis of publicly available data. Then, methodology is designed to control the analysis process and subsequently this methodology used in the formation of the pilot application that has to verify the functionality of unstructured data by tool Watson. The results of the analysis are in the conclusion. The main benefits of this thesis are the development of a pilot application of Watson and the verification of its functionality. The pilot application cannot be equated with a complete analysis that can be done by Watson. But this pilot application may work as a demonstration of Watson's functionalities.

The master's thesis deals with the assessment of the current information system in a company, which does not want to disclose its trade name. It will be referred to as ČTKH. Assessing of the company's information system will be based on the results of two questionnaires. The output of the surveys will be to evaluation of the current information system in the company. Further on there will be recommendations, suggestion for improvement and consideration of the possible risks which are associated with the selection of a new information system company.

This thesis deals with accounting and taxation aspects of transformations of business corporations. Specifically, it deals with division of business corporations, using the method of the classical division and spin-off. The firts part describes the theoretical basis for accounting, tax and legal issues of division. In the second part of the work the company is practically performed in two ways, which are compared in the final part of the work and a variant for the implementation is recommended

The diploma thesis deals with the transformation of business companies. The first part defines the theoretical basis of the work focused on legal, accounting and tax issues of conversion. The practical part aims to make two variants of the transformation of a business company, division by spin-off and split. In the final part of the work, the methods of comparative conversion are presented and a more suitable variant for the implementation of the transformation is selected.

The diploma thesis employs modern analysing and simulating methods. It enables the application of fuzzy logic in supplier selection and evaluation of its potential risks to construction companies. This work is aimed at defining the problem and determining the overall and particular goals, namely theoretical description of the principle of used artificial intelligence theory, problem description and analysis, current situation as-sessment, proposed solution implementation and evaluation of proposed solution con-tribution.