The following article conveys a critical revision of the concessions renewal regimen as a matter of public telecommunication services of the Peruvian normative. For that, the author will focus on analyze the existing renewal forms of telecommunication in the Peruvian legislation, as well as the principles that rule the renewal processes of the telecommunication concessions. In addition, the author offers a new perspective about the authorities that are able to perform the process mentioned before, to finally show us the probability to reform the used methodology of the expiration dates of concessions based on certain principles,and bestow a modification proposal. / El presente artículo trata sobre una revisión crítica del régimen de renovación de concesiones en materia de servicios públicos de Telecomunicaciones en la normativa peruana. Para ello, el autor se centrará en analizar las formas de renovación existente en la legislación peruana, así como los principios que rigen el proceso de renovación de las concesiones en Telecomunicaciones. Además, el autor nos brinda una visión sobre las autoridades competentes para realizar el mencionado proceso, para, finalmente, mostrarnos una probabilidad de reforma en la metodología de renovación de plazos de concesión basada en determinados principios, así como una otorgarnos una propuesta de modificación.

African leafy vegetables have been shown and suggested to have potential to contribute to human diets and alleviate malnutrition; however, their levels of utilisation are currently low especially in South Africa. This is because there is limited access to these crops due to low availability in the market. Limited access is attributed, in part, to the lack of commercialisation as a result of limited agronomic information describing optimum management options for these leafy vegetables. Availability of such information would contribute to successful commercialisation of these crops. The primary objective of this study was to establish optimum agronomic management factors for Amaranthus cruentus, Corchorus olitorius, Vigna unguiculata and Brassica juncea for irrigated commercial production in South Africa. Seeds of Amaranthus cruentus, Corchorus olitorius were obtained from the Agricultural Research Council seed bank; Vigna unguiculata were obtained from Hydrotech and Brassica juncea seeds were obtained from Stark Ayres. The project consisted of three field studies whose overall objective was to evaluate growth and yield responses of the selected African leafy vegetables to agronomic factors under irrigated commercial production. These field studies comprised of two single factors; summer trials (planting density and nitrogen on three selected crops) and a combined winter trial (nitrogen, irrigation, plant density and planting date on a winter crop). Chapter three (3) investigated the effect of plant density on growth, physiology and yield responses of Amaranthus cruentus, Corchorus olitorius and Vigna unguiculata to three plant densities under drip irrigated commercial production. The plant density levels of 100 000, 66 666 and 50 000 plants/ha were used in the 2011/12 and 2012/13 summer seasons. Parameters measured included chlorophyll content index (CCI), chlorophyll fluorescence (CF), stomatal conductance (SC), leaf number, leaf area index (LAI) and biomass. Amaranthus cruentus and Corchorus olitorius showed better leaf quality at lower plant density of 50 000 plants ha-1 than at 66 666 plants ha-1 and 100 000 plants ha-1. These results are based on bigger leaves expressed as leaf area index (LAI), better colour expressed as chlorophyll (CCI) and higher biomass per plant observed in these crops at 50 000 plants ha-1 in comparison to 66 666 plants ha-1 and 100 000 plants ha-1. In Vigna unguiculata there were no responses observed in LAI and CCI. In Amaranthus cruentus, Corchorus olitorius and Vigna unguiculata fresh and dry mass yield of leaves were higher at 100 000 plants ha-1 compared to other treatments. In A. cruentus and C. olitorius, higher leaf quality parameters (CCI, plant height, leaf number, biomass per plant and LAI) indicated that these crops can perform better at lower densities of 50 000 than at 66 666 plants ha-1 and 100 000 plants ha-1 Therefore, using 50 000 plants ha- 1 is suitable for commercial production of A. cruentus and C. olitorius. In Vigna unguiculata, a plant density of 100 000 plants ha-1 produced the highest fresh and dry mass per unit area without compromising quality in terms of the leaf size (LAI) and colour (CCI). Therefore 100 000 plants ha-1 is a density recommended for commercial production in V. unguiculata.Chapter four (4) was conducted to investigate growth, physiology and yield responses of A. cruentus, C. olitorius and V unguiculata to nitrogen application under drip irrigated commercial production. Three nitrogen treatments levels were used viz. 0, 44 and 88 kg N ha- 1 in 2011/12 season and four nitrogen treatments levels viz. 0, 50, 100 and 125 kg N ha-1 were used in 2012/13 summer season. The nitrogen levels selected for each season were based on recommendations for Amaranthaceae species, Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.var cicla) derived from soil analysis of the trial (field) site. Parameters measured included chlorophyll content index (CCI), chlorophyll fluorescence (CF), stomatal conductance (SC), leaf number, leaf area index (LAI) and biomass. Results showed that application of nitrogen at 44 kg N ha- 1 in 2011/12 summer season and 100 kg N ha-1 in 2012/13 summer season improved LAI, CCI, biomass per plants and yield in A. cruentus. A similar trend was observed in C. olitorius except that 44 kg N ha-1 improved stem fresh yield. Further increase in nitrogen fertiliser above 44 kg N ha-1 during the 2011/12 season and above 100 kg N ha-1 in 2012/13 summer season reduced leaf quality and yield in both crops. In V. unguiculata, nitrogen application showed a slight increase in yield values from 0 to 44 kg N ha-1 followed by decrease at 88 kg N ha-1 in 2011/12 summer season; however, this increase in yield was not significant. During the 2012/13 summer season, yield in terms of fresh weight was significantly (P<.001) reduced by applying nitrogen at various levels. However, leaf dry matter content increased significantly (P<.001) with increase in nitrogen from 0 kg up to 100 kg N ha-1, then remained unchanged at 125 kg N ha-1. Therefore, the current study recommends that C. olitorius and A. cruentus could be commercialised at 44 kg N ha-1 and 100 kg N ha-1 which were lower nitrogen application rates than those recommended for Amaranthaceae species. In V. unguiculata, 50 kg N ha-1 improved leaf number; however, this did not translate to any fresh yield advantage, implying that the optimum rate for nitrogen application might be lower than 50 kg N ha-1. Therefore, nitrogen rates less than the ones used in the current study are recommended for V. unguiculata. Chapter five (5) was conducted in winter and it was necessitated by observations made primarily in the previous studies which focused on the effects of single factors such as plant density, planting date and nitrogen deficits. Therefore, there was a need to address interactions between irrigation, nitrogen, spacing and planting date. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, physiology and yield responses of Brassica juncea to different agronomic and management factors in the 2012 and 2013 seasons. The treatments were as follows: two planting dates in main plot (1 June and 18 July, 2012); two irrigation frequency in sub main plot (once and three times a week); three nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100 kg N ha-1) and three plant densities (133 333, 80 000, 50 000 plants ha-1) as subplots. Parameters measured included chlorophyll content index (CCI), chlorophyll fluorescence (CF), stomatal conductance (SC), leaf number, leaf area index (LAI) and biomass. Results from this study showed a significant interaction effect on plant height, LAI, CCI and CF. Crops irrigated thrice or once a week with 50 kg N ha-1 combined with 50 000 plants ha-1 produced tall plants and bigger leaves (LAI) in the early planting date (1 June) compared to other combinations. Irrigating three times a week combined with nitrogen application at 100 or 50 kg N ha-1 improved CF for late planting date (18 July) in comparison to other combinations. Irrigating once a week combined with nitrogen application at 100 kg N ha-1 increased CCI. There was no significant interaction effect on yield. Application of nitrogen at 50 and 100 kg N ha-1 significantly (P>0.05) increased yield in early and late planting dates compared to the control (0 kg N ha-1), in 2012 and 2013 winter season. Irrigating three times a week led to a significant (P<0.05) increase in yield in the late planting date (18th July) and early planting date (1st June) in 2013 season. Higher plant density of 133 333 plants ha-1 resulted in significantly (P<0.05) higher yield in terms of fresh mass and leaf number in the late planting date 18 July in 2012 and 2013 seasons. However, leaf quality parameters such as leaf size and colour was compromised at 133 333 plants ha-1 relative to 50 000 plants ha-1. Therefore, farmers are recommended to plant early, apply 50 kg N ha-1, irrigate thrice a week and utilise a spacing of 50 000 plants ha-1. The current study indicates that growth and yield of traditional leaf vegetables can be optimised through improved agronomic practise. / Agriculture and Life Sciences / D. Litt. et. Phil. (Agriculture)

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of the usage of comic processing in the lessons of literary education at the second grade of the elementary school. The theoretical part defines the basic expressions concerning the area of literary education, the theory of comic, the theory of adaptation, and effective teaching. The set of four educational scripts employing comic processing of classical works of Czech and world literature, highlighting the up-to-date conception of the literary education in accord with demands on the education which is set down by Framework Education Programme for Elementary Education, was created within the practical part. The main aim of scripts was to support the progress in reader´s literacy and the communicative skills. These educational scripts are not only intended for university students, primarily within the didactics of the Czech language and literature, and beginning teachers, but also for experienced pedagogues. The quality of the scripts was proved in practise.

Le premier objectif des études présentées dans cette thèse est de caractériser un gisement argileux kaolinique de la région du sud-ouest Algérien qui n’a jamais été exploité auparavent, d’améliorer les propriétés de surface de cette argile suite à des modifications réalisées par revêtement avec un aminosilane (APTES) ou par échange cationique avec un agent tensioactif (CTAB), ce qui nous a permis de développer les sites actifs à la surface de ce matériau. Les matériaux préparés ont été caractérisés par DRX, ATG, IRTF, MET et MEB. Deux autres matériaux d’origine végétale d’une grande abondance au sud-ouest Algérien qui sont les racines de la plante Calotropis Procera et les noyaux de dattes de Feggous sont aussi caractérisés. Le second objectif de cette étude est l’application de ces matériaux dans l'élimination de différents types de polluants en solutions aqueuses : métaux lourds (Zn(II) et Mn(II)) et Colorants synthétiques anionique et cationique (Rouge Congo et Violet de gentiane) pour une mise en évidence de l’efficacité des matériaux argileux et végétaux vis-à-vis de l'adsorption de ces polluants. L’étude de l’adsorption consiste à discuter les effets du temps de contact, pH et la concentration initiale du soluté en utilisant une technique d'adsorption en batch. L’effet de la température a permis de réaliser une étude thermodynamique pour définir la nature des phénomènes d’adsorption. En outre, différents modèles de cinétique (premier et second ordres) et d’isothermes d’adsorption (Langmuir et Freundlich) sont utilisés pour l’évaluation de la capacité des supports kaoliniques naturel et modifiés (K08, KC et KS) et des supports végétaux (CP et ND) à adsorber ces polluants organiques et inorganiques. Le kaolin naturel (K08) a montré une bonne affinité vis-à-vis tous les polluants avec des capacités d’adsorption remarquables ; cette capacité a considérablement évolué par la modification. Le kaolin modifié (KS) s’avère le meilleur adsorbant pour ces types de polluants (métaux lourds et colorants synthétiques). Les racines de CP présentent une très bonne affinité pour les métaux lourds, alors que les noyaux de dattes donnent des résultats plus remarquables pour la biosorption des colorants / The first aim of the studies presented in this thesis is to characterize a kaolin clay deposit in south-western Algerian region which has never been exploited, to improve the surface properties of the clay due to changes made by coating with an amino silane (APTES) or cationic exchange with a surfactant (CTAB), which allowed us to develop the active sites on the surface of this material. The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, TGA, FTIR and SEM. Two other vegetable materials of great abundance in the southwest Algerian who are the roots of the plant Calotropis Procera and Feggous date stones are also characterized. The second aim of this study is the application of these materials in removing different kinds of pollutants in aqueous solutions: heavy metals (Zn (II) and Mn (II)) and anionic and cationic synthetic dyes (Congo red and Purple gentian) to the effectiveness demonstration of the clay and vegetable materials to adsorb these pollutants. The study of adsorption is to discuss the effects of contact time, pH and initial concentration of the solute using a batch adsorption technique. The effect of temperature has achieved a thermodynamic study to define the nature of adsorption phenomena. In addition, different kinetic models (first and second order) and adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich) are used to assess the ability of clay materials (K08, KC and KS) and vegetable materials (CP and ND) to adsorb such organic and inorganic pollutants. The natural clay (K08) showed good affinity towards all pollutants with remarkable adsorption capacity, this capacity has evolved considerably by modifications. The modified kaolin (KS) proves the best adsorbent for these types of pollutants (heavy metals and synthetic dyes). The roots of CP have a very good affinity for heavy metals, while the date stones give more remarkable results for biosorption dyes

La complexification des systèmes et la réduction du nombre de capteurs nécessitent l’élaboration de méthodes de surveillance de plus en plus efficaces. Le travail de cette thèse s’inscrit dans ce contexte et porte sur le diagnostic et le pronostic des Systèmes à Événements Discrets (SED) temporisés. Les réseaux de Petri stochastiques partiellement mesurés sont utilisés pour modéliser le système. Le modèle représente à la fois le comportement nominal et le comportement dysfonctionnel du système. Il permet aussi de représenter ses capteurs à travers une mesure partielle des transitions et des places. Notre contribution porte sur l’exploitation de l’information temporelle pour le diagnostic et le pronostic des SED. À partir d’une suite de mesures datées, les comportements du système qui expliqueraient ces mesures sont d’abord déterminés. La probabilité de ces comportements est ensuite évaluée pour fournir un diagnostic du système en termes de probabilité d’occurrence d’un défaut. Dans le cas où une faute est diagnostiquée, une approche permettant d’estimer la distribution de sa date d’occurrence est proposée. L’objectif est de donner plus de détails sur cette faute afin de mieux la caractériser. Par ailleurs, la probabilité des comportements compatibles est exploitée pour estimer l’état actuel du système. Il s’agit de déterminer les marquages compatibles avec les mesures ainsi que leurs probabilités associées. À partir de cette estimation d’état, la prise en considération des évolutions possibles du système permet d’envisager la prédiction de la faute avant son occurrence. Une estimation de la probabilité d’occurrence de la faute sur un horizon de temps futur est ainsi obtenue. Celle-ci est ensuite étendue à l’évaluation de la durée de vie résiduelle du système. Enfin, une application des différentes approches développées sur un cas d’un système de tri est proposée. / Due to the increasing complexity of systems and to the limitation of sensors number, developing monitoring methods is a main issue. This PhD thesis deals with the fault diagnosis and prognosis of timed Discrete Event Systems (DES). For that purpose, partially observed stochastic Petri nets are used to model the system. The model represents both the nominal and faulty behaviors of the system and characterizes the uncertainty on the occurrence of events as random variables with exponential distributions. It also considers partial measurements of both markings and events to represent the sensors of the system. Our main contribution is to exploit the timed information, namely the dates of the measurements for the fault diagnosis and prognosis of DES. From the proposed model and collected measurements, the behaviors of the system that are consistent with those measurements are obtained. Based on the event dates, our approach consists in evaluating the probabilities of the consistent behaviors. The probability of faults occurrences is obtained as a consequence. When a fault is detected, a method to estimate its occurrence date is proposed. From the probability of the consistent trajectories, a state estimation is deduced. The future possible behaviors of the system, from the current state, are considered in order to achieve fault prediction. This prognosis result is extended to estimate the remaining useful life as a time interval. Finally, a case study representing a sorting system is proposed to show the applicability of the developed methods.

Strategies to improve stem yield and juice quality in sweet sorghum were investigated in this study. Seed quality of sixty five accessions (landraces) from Botswana was investigated. Standard germination tests revealed that only 66% of the accessions had germination percentages in excess of 85%. The Accelerated Ageing test showed that only 50%of the 26 accessions had germination percentages above 80%. The results indicated that Botswana sweet sorghum seed quality is generally poor. Seed development and maturity observations demonstrated that maximum seed quality occurred 14 to 17 days after mass maturity (physiological maturity) and this coincided with maximum seed germination. These results suggest that harvesting sweet sorghum seed prior to mass maturity can lower seed quality. Farmers should, therefore be advised to select plants intended for seed harvesting and allow them to mature properly before the seeds are harvested. Differences in seed colour, shape and compactness of the inflorescences were observed amongst the 65 landraces collected from farmers in Botswana. Ten landraces were characterised and from the results it was evident that there was a range of genetic diversity which can be utilized in the improvement of the crop. Large panicles were characteristic of most sweet sorghum landraces, the effect of tiller, panicle and floret removal on juice quality was consequently studied. Removal of panicles and florets significantly improved juice quality whilst removal of tillers did not. Selection and breeding of genotypes with small panicles and male sterile varieties may improve juice quality and should be investigated. Effect of planting date, spacing and nitrogen were investigated. Early planting (October) resulted in increased stem yields but reduced juice quality. A 30 cm intra-row spacing resulted in high stem yields per plant and good juice quality. Nitrogen fertilisation increased stem yield and improved juice quality. On the bases of the results obtained from this study, early planting (October), application of 60 kg N ha-¹, and 30 cm intra-row spacing could be recommended for sweet sorghum production in pure stands. In pure stands yields of more than 37 000 stems (per hectare) of good quality can be attained. These could be sold at an estimated price of P2.00 (R2.25) per stem indicating the potential of sweet sorghum as a cash crop. However, its economic viability depends on the price elasticity in the supply - demand function. / Dissertation (PHD)--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS 3 Business Combinations settles the rules of identifying, measuring, accounting and reporting for the business combinations. It decides, what is, or is not, a business combination, and explains different types of it. It asks an acquirer to use the acquisition method for accounting for the business combination at the date of acquisition. Especially to correctly recognize all the assets and liabilities acquired in the business combinations, to measure them at their fair value at the date of acquisition, to measure goodwill, and to report the information on business combination required in his financial statements. This thesis deals with the most important aspects of the business combinations, especially mergers. It explains also the most significant differences of the standard IFRS 3 Business combinations compared to the previous vision, and to some national legal regulations, and mentions also the probable development of the international accounting in the future. An attention is given also to the cross-border acquisitions. In its practical part, the thesis focuses to evaluation of fulfilling the requirements to disclose information on business combination in practice.

This thesis focuses on the problem of domestic mergers of companies in terms of current business and legal and accounting regulations of the Czech Republic. Attention is paid to accounting, legal and organizational aspects of the mergers. The thesis reflects the changes brought about by extensive amendments effective from 1 January 2012. In this context, the work mentioned possible problems and risks that come with certain provisions brought. Everything is then documented by practical example of the merger of two companies.

This thesis engages in subject matter application of fuzzy logic for rating of suppliers of the firm. This thesis analyses and evaluates competing firms offering to windows exchange and roofing exchange. This thesis can help municipal office in Vážany by decision making, which firm choose.

L’analyse spatiale intrasite de l’habitat ne permet pas de recourir à un modèle général d’étude, applicable à n’importe quel site archéologique. Pourtant, plusieurs d’entre eux ont des profils semblables d’implantation de l’habitat. Peut-on donc envisager de rechercher des protocoles d’analyse qui soient transposables sur des sites d’habitat couramment rencontrés ? C’est l’objet de la présente étude à partir d’une démarche exploratoire, sur deux sites d’habitat protohistoriques. Sur le site rubané de Bucy-le-Long « la Fosselle », l’analyse se concentre sur la distribution spatiale des vestiges mobiliers au sein d’unités architecturales comparables. L’analyse des données est employée pour déterminer les différents paramètres d’étude. Le potentiel informatif des unités d’habitation, établi selon des critères morphologiques et taphonomiques, est évalué et confronté au potentiel archéologique, déterminé à partir de la richesse du mobilier et des différentes catégories d’artefacts. L’analyse globale intrasite est envisagée en regroupant les mobiliers par catégorie fonctionnelle et pour mettre en évidence des assemblages significatifs de vestiges selon les habitations. Ils permettent ainsi de caractériser et sectoriser les ensembles signifiants d’activités vivrières et d’activités techniques à l’échelle du site, à partir d’un partitionnement des maisons. Le site de Changis-sur-Marne « les Pétreaux » connaît une longue occupation du Bronze final à la Tène ancienne, ce qui rend la lecture des implantations difficiles à démêler. L’analyse spatiale est tout d’abord tentée sur des groupes de structures établies lors des travaux de terrain. Puis, la répartition du mobilier est étudiée à plusieurs échelles d’observation. Cependant, il apparaît que ces premiers découpages ne reflètent pas des groupements d’établissements ruraux significatifs. Un partitionnement des structures au sein d’entités spatiales plus restreintes est alors envisagé à partir de la recherche d’agrégats, mis en évidence par l’analyse spatiale de semis de points. La dynamique d’occupation du site est de ce fait plus aisément perceptible. Les deux études de cas sont pour finir confrontées à d’autres études spatiales menées sur des sites d’habitat. Il apparaît qu’aux côtés des vestiges mobiliers très régulièrement pris pour référence dans l’analyse spatiale intrasite de l’habitat, les vestiges immobiliers trouvent toutes leurs places. / Intra-site spatial analysis of settlement does not allow use of general model applicable to any archaeological site. However some items have similar habitat settlement profiles. Can we consider looking for protocols transposable to usual settlement sites? The purpose of this study is based on an exploratory approach, on two protohistoric settlements. On the Bandkeramik site of Bucy-le-Long "la Fosselle", the analysis focuses on spatial distribution of the material remains within comparable architectural units. Data analysis is used to determine different study parameters. The informative potential of housing units, established according to morphological and taphonomic criteria, is evaluated and compared with the archaeological potential, determined from the richness of the furniture and the different categories of artifacts. The global intra-site analysis is made by grouping the furniture by functional category, to highlight significant assemblages of vestiges according to the dwellings. They allow to characterize and to segment the significant sets of food and technical activities at the site scale, based on houses partitioning. The site of Changis-sur-Marne "les Pétreaux" having suffered a long occupation from the Late bronze to the Early la Tène period, lead to a difficult reading of the settlements. During excavation spatial analysis is tried on structures groups. Then, the distribution of furniture is studied at various observation scales. However, those first divisions do not reflect groups of obvious rural settlements. A partitioning of the structures within smaller spatial entities is then engaged starting from the search for aggregates, highlighted by the space-time hot spot analysis. The dynamic of occupation of the site is thus more easily perceptible. Two case studies are finally challenged with other spatial studies about settlement sites. In addition to the material remains commonly seen as reference in the intra-site spatial analysis of settlement, archaeological structures find all their places.