Submitted by Cátia Araújo (catia.araujo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-01-25T11:56:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Aplicação de biomassa vegetal como material adsorvente de corantes sintéticos em meio aquoso.pdf: 1420791 bytes, checksum: f4b861d3708be64b1349e48cab1b1bd9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cátia Araújo (catia.araujo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-01-25T11:57:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Aplicação de biomassa vegetal como material adsorvente de corantes sintéticos em meio aquoso.pdf: 1420791 bytes, checksum: f4b861d3708be64b1349e48cab1b1bd9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-25T11:57:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Aplicação de biomassa vegetal como material adsorvente de corantes sintéticos em meio aquoso.pdf: 1420791 bytes, checksum: f4b861d3708be64b1349e48cab1b1bd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-23 / O presente estudo descreve a preparação, caracterização e aplicação de novos adsorventes naturais, biomassa da casca da romã (BCR) e a biomassa da semente de caqui (BSC) na remoção dos corantes sintéticos Cristal Violeta (CV) e Azul de Toluidina (AT) em solução aquosa. As habilidades dos novos adsorventes foram estudadas através do procedimento de adsorção em batelada a temperatura de 25 ºC. Os adsorventes foram caracterizados por Espectroscopia vibracional na região do infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Termogravimetria (TGA), Microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e Isotermas de adsorção-dessorção de nitrogênio usando os métodos BET e BJH. A técnica de FTIR mostrou a presença de grupos funcionais na superfície dos adsorventes como COOH, OH e C=O responsáveis pela adsorção dos corantes. As análises das micrografias eletrônicas mostraram a diferença nas morfologias estruturais dos adsorventes antes e depois do processo de adsorção. Parâmetros como pH da solução, tempo de contato e dosagem de adsorvente foram otimizados para as melhores condições de adsorção dos adsorventes. As isotermas de adsorção foram obtidas a 25 ºC os dados experimentais ajustados aos modelos de Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips e Redlich-Peterson. A cinética de adsorção foi estudada através dos modelos cinéticos de pseudo-primeira ordem, pseudo-segunda ordem e quimissorção de Elovich. Os resultados obtidos mostram a viabilidade da aplicação dos novos adsorventes na remoção de corantes sintéticos de meio aquoso. / The present study describes the preparation, characterization and application of new natural adsorbents, pomegranate bark biomass (BCR) and the biomass of the seed of persimmon (BSC) in the removal of synthetic dyes crystal violet (CV) and toluidine blue (AT) aqueous solution. The skills of new adsorbents were studied through the procedure in batch adsorption temperature of 25 ºC. The adsorbents were characterized by vibrational spectroscopy in the infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TGA), Microscopy scanning electron (SEM) and adsorption-desorption isotherms of nitrogen using the BET and BJH methods. The technique FTIR showed the presence of functional groups on the surface of adsorbents such as COOH, OH and C = O responsible for adsorption of the dyes.The analysis of electron micrographs showed structural differences in the morphologies of the adsorbents before and after the adsorption process. Parameters as solution pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage were optimized for better adsorption of the adsorbents. The adsorption isotherms were obtained at 25 °C the experimental data fitted to Langmuir, Freiundlich, Sips and Redlich-Peterson. The adsorption kinetics was studied using kinetic models of pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order Elovich chemisorption. The results show the feasibility of applying the new adsorbents for the removal of synthetic dyes from the aqueous medium.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Sports drinks are specially formulated for people who are undertaking physical activity, being mainly composed by carbohydrates, electrolytes and vitamins. Synthetic dyes are food additives commonly used in sports drinks to improve their consumer characteristics and appearance. Besides the lower cost of production in relation to dyes of natural origin, synthetic colorants have several advantages such as high stability to light, oxygen and pH, color uniformity and low microbiological contamination. However some of these compounds cause adverse health effects (allergy, asthma, hyperactivity, thyroid tumors, etc.), especially when consumed in excess. Thus, their use is strictly controlled around the world. The present study aimed to develop a simple, fast and efficient method for the determination of the synthetic dyes tartrazine, sunset yellow, amaranth, ponceau 4R, indigo carmine and brilliant blue in sports drinks employing dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) and high eficiência liquid chromatography with ultraviolet/visible detection (HPLC-UV/Vis) In the extraction step, it was used 25 mg of the polymeric sorbent Oasis® HLB and the elution step was performed with metanol:ammonium hydroxide (95:5, v/v). Recovery results, evaluated at 2.0; 4.0 and 6.0 mg L-1, were between 76 and 108% with relative standard deviation (RSD) <18%. Method limits of detection and quantification were 0.6 and 2 mg L-1, respectively. The method was applied on 8 commercial samples of sports drinks and the results indicated that all studied samples presented dye levels in conformity with the Brazilian legislation. The proposed d-SPE method for the determinatios of 6 synthetic dyes in sports drinks using HPLC-UV/Vis shown to be rapid, effective and cheap, and can be applied in routine analysis. / As bebidas isotônicas são especialmente formuladas para pessoas que praticam atividade física, sendo compostas principalmente por carboidratos, eletrólitos e vitaminas. Os corantes sintéticos são aditivos alimentares comumente utilizados em bebidas isotônicas para aprimorar suas características de consumo e aparência. Além do menor custo de produção em relação aos corantes de origem natural, os corantes sintéticos apresentam diversas vantagens, tais como alta estabilidade à luz, oxigênio e pH, uniformidade de cor e baixa contaminação microbiológica. No entanto, alguns destes compostos podem causar efeitos adversos à saúde (alergia, asma, hiperatividade, tumores de tireoide, etc.), especialmente quando consumidos em excesso. Assim, seu uso é estritamente controlado em todo o mundo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um método simples, rápido e eficiente para a determinação dos corantes sintéticos tartrazina, amarelo crepúsculo, amaranto, ponceau 4R, azul de indigotina e azul brilhante em bebidas isotônicas empregando extração em fase sólida dispersiva (d-SPE) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por ultravioleta/visível (HPLC-UV/Vis). Na etapa de extração utilizou-se 25 mg do sorvente polimérico Oasis® HLB e a etapa de eluição foi realizada com seringa, empregando uma solução de metanol:hidróxido de amônio (95:5, v/v). Os resultados dos ensaios de recuperação, avaliados nos níveis 2,0, 4,0 e 6,0 mg L-1, foram entre 76 e 108% com desvio padrão relativo (RSD) <18%. Os limites de detecção e de quantificação do método foram 0,6 e 2 mg L-1, respectivamente. O método foi aplicado em 8 amostras de bebidas isotônicas comerciais e os resultados indicaram que todas as amostras estudadas apresentaram corantes dentro dos limites máximos permitidos pela legislação brasileira. O método d-SPE proposto para a determinação de 6 corantes sintéticos em bebidas isotônicas empregando HPLC-UV/Vis demonstrou ser rápido, barato e eficaz, podendo ser aplicado em análises de rotina.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineMSS_DISSERT.pdf: 3248448 bytes, checksum: 238473f18fc530ccf887915ce75c940d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this work, electrochemical technology was used to treat synthetic wastewater containing Methyl Red (MR) and Blue Novacron (BN) by anodic oxidation using anodes platinum (Pt) and real samples of textile effluents using DDB anodes and platinum (Pt). The removal of color from the galvanostatic electrolysis of synthetic wastewater MR and BN, and the actual sample has been observed under different conditions (different current densities and temperature variation). The investigation of these parameters was performed in order to establish the best conditions for removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (BOD). According to the results obtained in this study, the electrochemical oxidation processes suitable for the degradation process of color and COD in wastewater containing such textile dyes, because the electrocatalytic properties of Pt and BDD anodes consumption energy during the electrochemical oxidation of synthetic solutions AN and MR and real sample, mainly depend on the operating parameters of operation, for example, the synthetic sample of MR, energy consumption rose from 42,00kWhm-3 in 40 mAcm-2 and 25 C to 17,50 kWhm-3 in 40mAcm-2 and 40 C, from the BN went 17,83 kWhm-3 in 40mAcm and 40?C to 14,04 kWhm- 3 in 40mAcm-2 and 40 C (data estimated by the volume of treated effluent). These results clearly indicate the applicability of electrochemical treatment for removing dyes from synthetic solutions and real industrial effluents / Neste trabalho, a tecnologia eletroqu?mica foi utilizada no tratamento de efluentes sint?ticos, contendo Vermelho de Metila (VM) e Azul de Novacron (AN), atrav?s da oxida??o an?dica utilizando ?nodos de Ti recoberto com platina (Ti/Pt). Ap?s isso, a fim de verificar a aplicabilidade do tratamento eletroqu?mico, amostras reais de efluentes t?xteis utilizando ?nodos de DDB e platina (Ti/Pt) foram tratadas eletroquimicamente visando a elimina??o completa dos corantes dissolvidos. A remo??o da cor a partir da eletr?lise galvanost?tica dos efluentes sint?ticos de VM e AN, e da amostra real tem sido observada em diferentes condi??es operacionais (diferentes densidades de corrente e varia??o da temperatura). A investiga??o destes par?metros foi realizada com o objetivo de estabelecer as melhores condi??es para remo??o da cor e da Demanda Qu?mica de Oxig?nio (DQO). De acordo com os resultados obtidos na realiza??o deste trabalho, o processo de oxida??o eletroqu?mica ? adequado para o processo de elimina??o da cor e da redu??o da DQO em efluentes que contenham esses corantes t?xteis, gra?as as propriedades eletrocatal?ticas dos ?nodos de DDB e Pt. O consumo de energia durante a oxida??o eletroqu?mica das solu??es sint?ticas contendo VM e AN e da amostra real depende principalmente das condi??es experimentais usadas, por exemplo, para a amostra sint?tica de VM, o consumo energ?tico passou de 42,00 kWhm-3 em 40 mAcm-2 e 25?C para 17,50 kWhm-3 em 40 mAcm-2 e 40?C; no entanto, o consumo de energia na eletr?lise do AN passou de 17,83 kWhm-3 em 40 mAcm-2 e 25?C para 14,04 kWhm-3 em 40 mAcm-2 e 40?C (dados estimados por volume de efluente tratado). Estes resultados indicam claramente a aplicabilidade de tal m?todo na remo??o de corantes dissolvidos em efluentes sint?ticos ou reais

Le premier objectif des études présentées dans cette thèse est de caractériser un gisement argileux kaolinique de la région du sud-ouest Algérien qui n’a jamais été exploité auparavent, d’améliorer les propriétés de surface de cette argile suite à des modifications réalisées par revêtement avec un aminosilane (APTES) ou par échange cationique avec un agent tensioactif (CTAB), ce qui nous a permis de développer les sites actifs à la surface de ce matériau. Les matériaux préparés ont été caractérisés par DRX, ATG, IRTF, MET et MEB. Deux autres matériaux d’origine végétale d’une grande abondance au sud-ouest Algérien qui sont les racines de la plante Calotropis Procera et les noyaux de dattes de Feggous sont aussi caractérisés. Le second objectif de cette étude est l’application de ces matériaux dans l'élimination de différents types de polluants en solutions aqueuses : métaux lourds (Zn(II) et Mn(II)) et Colorants synthétiques anionique et cationique (Rouge Congo et Violet de gentiane) pour une mise en évidence de l’efficacité des matériaux argileux et végétaux vis-à-vis de l'adsorption de ces polluants. L’étude de l’adsorption consiste à discuter les effets du temps de contact, pH et la concentration initiale du soluté en utilisant une technique d'adsorption en batch. L’effet de la température a permis de réaliser une étude thermodynamique pour définir la nature des phénomènes d’adsorption. En outre, différents modèles de cinétique (premier et second ordres) et d’isothermes d’adsorption (Langmuir et Freundlich) sont utilisés pour l’évaluation de la capacité des supports kaoliniques naturel et modifiés (K08, KC et KS) et des supports végétaux (CP et ND) à adsorber ces polluants organiques et inorganiques. Le kaolin naturel (K08) a montré une bonne affinité vis-à-vis tous les polluants avec des capacités d’adsorption remarquables ; cette capacité a considérablement évolué par la modification. Le kaolin modifié (KS) s’avère le meilleur adsorbant pour ces types de polluants (métaux lourds et colorants synthétiques). Les racines de CP présentent une très bonne affinité pour les métaux lourds, alors que les noyaux de dattes donnent des résultats plus remarquables pour la biosorption des colorants / The first aim of the studies presented in this thesis is to characterize a kaolin clay deposit in south-western Algerian region which has never been exploited, to improve the surface properties of the clay due to changes made by coating with an amino silane (APTES) or cationic exchange with a surfactant (CTAB), which allowed us to develop the active sites on the surface of this material. The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, TGA, FTIR and SEM. Two other vegetable materials of great abundance in the southwest Algerian who are the roots of the plant Calotropis Procera and Feggous date stones are also characterized. The second aim of this study is the application of these materials in removing different kinds of pollutants in aqueous solutions: heavy metals (Zn (II) and Mn (II)) and anionic and cationic synthetic dyes (Congo red and Purple gentian) to the effectiveness demonstration of the clay and vegetable materials to adsorb these pollutants. The study of adsorption is to discuss the effects of contact time, pH and initial concentration of the solute using a batch adsorption technique. The effect of temperature has achieved a thermodynamic study to define the nature of adsorption phenomena. In addition, different kinetic models (first and second order) and adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich) are used to assess the ability of clay materials (K08, KC and KS) and vegetable materials (CP and ND) to adsorb such organic and inorganic pollutants. The natural clay (K08) showed good affinity towards all pollutants with remarkable adsorption capacity, this capacity has evolved considerably by modifications. The modified kaolin (KS) proves the best adsorbent for these types of pollutants (heavy metals and synthetic dyes). The roots of CP have a very good affinity for heavy metals, while the date stones give more remarkable results for biosorption dyes