This paper discussed a way of applied stress to control the photonic crystal fiber dispersion curve, so that it can act on the anomalous dispersion or normal dispersion region area. By this way, we can design the pulse compressor and pulse stretcher for higher peak power laser system. Recently, high-power shortpulse laser has become an indispensable tool in many field, using short-pulse laser oscillator, combined with chirped-frequency amplification technology to produce high-power short-pulse laser system can be used for industrial or medical applications. The all-fiber laser system not only provide better pulse quality and also increased pulse laser system on the stability of the environment.

Abstract In this study, copper oxide thin films prepared by DC reactive magnetron sputtering using a Cu target were studied. By changing the oxygen partial pressure ratios and sputtering power and deposition temperatures during sputtering, we obtained copper oxide thin films with different properties. The structures of copper oxide thin films were characterized by glancing incident angle X-ray diffraction. Clear crystal orientation at (002) plane were observed at 50% and 60% oxygen partial pressure ratio. The preferred orientation at (111) plane were observed with heating substrate to 200¢J. The optical and electrical properties of cupric oxide thin films were measured by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and four-point probe system. The cupric oxide thin films deposited with heating substrate to 200¢J exhibited the resistivity of 0.77£[-cm and optical band gap of 1.57 eV. Keywords¡G cupric oxide, thin film, magnetron sputtering, band gap

Recently, synthesis of Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) films has received considerable interest. Owing to their similar characteristics of diamonds, such as extreme hardness, chemical stability, and high heat conductivity etc, DLC films are regarded as one of the most promising materials. But the practical applications have been limited due to their high internal stress and insufficient adhesion at the interface between DLC film and substrate. Several methods used to the deposition of Me-DLC films have been proposed. Studies have shown that the internal stress was released and the adhesion also improved by doping metallic element into DLC films. Conventionally, metal incorporation in DLC films were prepared by vapor deposition. The requirement of high vacuum equipment makes the process complicated. Besides, there are many merits in electrodeposition, such as low cost, simplicity of experimental set up, and availability for deposition on complex shapes substrate in large area. In this study, electrodepositing technique was used to synthesize the amorphous Cu-DLC films deposited on ITO substrate, in which the pH value of electrolyte varied, to study the characteristics and the composition of DLC films. According to the I-t curves of deposition, the end of current density was used for the impedance comparison of films. With the addition of Cu, the resistance of the electron transportation in Cu-DLC was reduced, and the awl-shaped surface morphology was observed by AFM measurement, which could enhance the electron field emission properties of thin films. For Raman analysis, the effect of Cu addition would promote the sp2 bonding¡F this result corresponds with the increasing ID/IG value. It indicates that film becomes graphitization due to the addition of Cu and leads the shift of G-peak position toward lower wavenumber. ESCA spectra of C1s and Cu2p indicate no obvious evidence of Cu-C formation. The sp2/(sp2+sp3) ratio increases with the pH value. In addition, we found that Cu-DLC in acidic environmental condition, or doping as [Cu(NH3)n]2+ complex is more conducive to the growth of copper metal in DLC films, and has the lowest optical band gap value deduced by n&k analyzer. Finally, we discussed the thin film growth mechanisms and the characteristic of electron field emission for the applications in the future.

Medical Imaging era is coming. The volume of business of the Department of Radiation Diagnosis is flourishing, and it drives overall hospital revenue to increase greatly. Thus, it is more important to maintain and promote the quality of medical services in hospital management. In this study, it used PZB model and referred to the SERVQUAL to design the questionnaire. It got the five dimensions for "tangible", "guaranteed", "reliability", "reactive" and "care" and twenty factors to explore the quality of service. A Department of Diagnostic Radiology of regional teaching hospital in Kaohsiung area as the scope of the study, it will be an important basis and reference to improve the quality of service according to the valid questionnaires to analyze the gap of the attention degree between medical staffs and patients for the medical service quality(gap 1), and the gap of the attention degree and the satisfaction to the medical service quality(gap 5), and the relationships between basic information of patients and satisfaction with the IPA analysis showing the service quality items distribution. In gap one, only the "reliability" and "tangible" dimensions in the five dimensions have positive gap and the dimension of "tangible" has the biggest. And ten results in 20 factors show that the attention degree of the subjects is greater than that of the medical staff, but there are no significant differences. In gap five, the five dimensions are all positive gaps and "reactive" dimensions is the biggest. In 20 factors, the subjects with the attention degree of the quality of medical services are greater than satisfaction, and in which there are 17 significant differences. Gap one and gap five have the maximum gap value both in the factor of "convenient transportation and easy parking to the hospital.¡¨ In addition, for the IPA analysis, "medical staffs can satisfy my immediate needs¡¨ fell to the quadrant of ¡§Concentrate Here¡¨. Finally, according to the results, we have the following conclusions: First, patients attach more importance to intangible service. Second, service of the medical staff begins from the heart. Third, mental cognitive of the medical staff will influence their work performance. We also have the following five suggestions: First, Improve traffic convenience. Second, strengthen the learning courses for the quality of health care personnel service. Third, implement the mechanism of service performance. Fourth, arrange the opportunities to service sharing and review. Fifth, establish a feedback way for patints.

In this thesis, we propose a new structure of GaP/a-Si:H/BulkSi solar cell in which the additional a-Si:H layer due to the concept of energy bandgap is used to improve the open-circuit voltage. As the a-Si:H doping concentration is increased, the upward bandgap bending is expected to be observed; hence, a high open-circuit voltage is obtained. But in this situation, the upward bandgap bending also hinders the carrier transport, leading a low short-circuit current density. It is worth noting that the proposed solar cell can have a high open-circuit voltage of 0.758 V. In addition, we carefully investigate the characteristics of wide-bandgap gallium phosphide (GaP) material used for silicon-based solar cells. According to the simulated results, the absorption of GaP is better than silicon with a wavelength below 450 nm. Also, the GaP/BulkSi solar cell is shown to have a lower reflectivity value than the conventional PN_BulkSi solar cell. Hence we can prove that the internal quantum efficiency and external quantum efficiency are improved accordingly. As a result, the short-circuit current density is increased about 10 %. In addition, the optimized parameters of a GaP/BulkSi solar cell are as follows: the short-circuit current density is 21.264 mA/cm2, the open-circuit voltage is 0.624 V, the fill factor is 82.4 %, the conversion efficiency is 11.236 %, respectively.

In this thesis, we have analyzed the coupling gap dependent micro-ring loss in a single ring all-pass filter configuration using the two dimension (2D) finite difference time domain (FDTD) and EIM (effective index method). We utilized a new analysis scheme by calculating the transmission signal as a function of input wavelength and fitting the transmission spectrum with a phenomenological ring loss parameter. This novel scheme circumvents the complex waveguide mode analysis process, when the coupling gap is narrow and the all-pass coupling region becomes multi-mode. We first find that the radiation loss increases rapidly with decreasing coupling gap width. Our results show that the intrinsic bending losses of silicon micro-rings (on oxide) with the radius of 1.5 £gm, 2.5£gm, and 5£gm are about 20 dB/cm, 3 dB/cm, 1 dB/cm for TE polarization modes, respectively. For TM modes, the intrinsic bending losses with the radius of 1.5£gm, 2.5 £gm, and 5£gm are about 2573 dB/cm, 64 dB/cm, and 0.8 dB/cm, respectively. Next, we find that power coupling coefficients of the single ring all-pass filter configuration using the ring to ring couplers are much higher than the bus to ring couplers. The radiation losses of the ring to ring couplers for TM modes are improved significantly in all coupling gap widths. In a high-density integrated optics circuit, specially designed ring coupling region device structure is needed to address this serious optical loss issue.

The nervous system coordinates a sequence of muscle movements to give rise to animal behaviors. In complex invertebrates or lab-studied vertebrates, due to the large number of cells in their nervous systems and the complexities of their behaviors, it is difficult to address how circuits process information to direct each motor output of the behavior. In this dissertation, I used the Caenorhabditis elegans male copulation behavior as a model to address how a compact circuit coordinates different behavioral programs. Insertion of a male copulatory organ into a suitable mate is a conserved and necessary behavioral step for most terrestrial mating. However, the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms for this distinct social interaction have not been elucidated in any animal. During mating, the C. elegans male cloaca is positioned over the hermaphrodite’s vulva as he attempts to insert his copulatory spicules repetitively. Rhythmic spicule thrusts cease when insertion is sensed. Circuit components consisting of sensory/motor neurons and sex muscles for these steps have been previously identified, but it was unclear how their outputs are integrated to generate a coordinated behavior pattern. Here, I show that contraction of the male oblique muscles is required to sustain genital contact between the sexes. These muscles are innervated by the postcloacal sensilla (p.c.s.) sensory/motor neurons, which secret ACh to activate the levamisole-sensitive AChR and the ACR-16-containing ionotropic AChR on the oblique muscles. For spicules to rhythmically thrust during genital contact, activity of the oblique muscles and the gubernacular muscles is transmitted to the spicule protractor muscles instantaneously via gap junctions between these muscles and causes shallow protractor contractions. The rhythmic protractor contractions eventually switch to sustained contraction, as the SPC sensory-motor neurons integrate information of spicule position at the vulva with inputs from the hook and cloacal sensilla. The ERG-like K+ channel, UNC-103, which decreases the spicule circuit excitability, is likely to set a threshold requirement for integration of these inputs, so that sustained spicule muscle contraction is not stimulated by fewer inputs. In addition, I demonstrate that a cholinergic signaling pathway mediated by a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, GAR-3, is used to enhance the ionotropic AChRs-mediated fast synaptic transmission in the copulation circuit. GAR-3 is expressed in multiple cells of the copulation circuit, but mainly in the cholinergic p.c.s. neurons and SPC neurons. Activation of GAR-3 is coupled to Gαq to trigger downstream signal transduction events that modulate neurotransmitter release from these neurons. Males with a loss-of-function allele of the gar-3 gene are defective in inserting their spicules into the hermaphrodite’s vulva efficiently. Since the p.c.s. neurons regulate the male’s contact with the hermaphrodite’s vulva, and the SPC neurons are required for spicule insertion during mating, GAR-3 probably facilitates male mating behavior via enhancing synaptic transmission from these neurons to their postsynaptic partners.

Household administration is the basis of numerous administrative affairs. Generally speaking, the exercise of household data¡Ðbirth, death, marriage, divorce, adoption, guardianship, parental identification and residence changes¡Ðare basically reference to the government organizations and public and private groups. In October 1997, household administration fully implemented computerization throughout the island, and in June 1998, it passed through the government re-engineering program, with the ideas of enterprising spirit, customer-orientation, service-orientation and respect for citizens, to introduce government re-engineering to achieve the aim of new government movement. Therefore, it is more important to upgrade service quality in government agencies and to sastisfy customers¡¦ demands. However, household administration has implemented computerization for over 5 years, and the effectiveness of service quality is to be evaluated. This study was to evaluate the effectiveness and quality of public service rendered by Household Affairs Administration of Tainan City after it implemented computerization. This study adopted the PZB model, proposed by Parsuraman, Zeithamland and Berry¡]1985¡^to analyze the differences in the Cognition of service quality among the public, household administration supervisors and employees. The model developed ¡§SERVQUAL¡¨ measurement chart of service quality, serving as scientific foundation for household affairs administration to improve its service quality and draw up managerial strategy. The major findings are demonstrated as follows: 1. Gap examination: The 25 items of the survey in Gap1 and Gap2 related to service quality were rejected¡Fall the 25 items in Gap3 and Gap5 of service quality were rejected; in Gap3, employees did not feel satisfied with their service quality; in Gap5, service quality of household administration was to be improved. 2. Managerial strategy¡G Gap1, household administratiors should strengthen training in knowledge of speciality, ask colleagues to strive to be impartial in taking care of citizens applications, try to solve citizens¡¦ problems when they are in trouble, and come up with reward mechanisms to encourage morale to those whose telephone manners and service attitudes are good and kind. Gap2 builds up Organizational Learning, reinforces systematic thinking conception, and sets up the core value of upgrading service quality. Gap3 reinforces employees¡¦ character-building, emotional management, pressure management, communication and negotiation, and in-service training, and suggests to the superiors¡¦ time that untimely laws and regulations would be released in time. GAP5 improves in the perspectives of working environment and service facilities, positively collecting and accepting the public opinions, performing operational standardization, reinforceing control system and stressing the importance of teamwork. 2¡BAnalysis of differences¡G supervisors, employees, the public, paralegal and Li chiefs in Household administration would be influenced by sex¡Bage¡Boccupation and education of the public, it was found that occupation was the most powerful variable. 3¡BAnalysis of managerial matrix¡G B area showed an urgent need for improvement. There were 11 items, and it was the most important that household administration should offer one-stop services for the public. In managerial strategy, employees should strengthen in-service training, and combine ISO 2000 measured with six standard deviations in statistics to conduct management. Through the internet¡Bmedia and news propaganda, they should reinforce the guidance for the public on household administration laws and regulations to terminate the gaps. In showing concern, employees in household administration offices should pay much attention to the management of service quality, serve the public in the same mood and coordinate with the public¡¦s needs. In managerial strategy, they should carry out household registration and public affairs according to laws, especially seal imprint registration and reassurance¡Bissuance of ID cards, and do a good duty of a good keeper, and to take precaution to be forged, transformed and counterfeited to get rid of gaps. 4¡BThis study found that supervisors in household administration obtained higher average scores on emphasizing service quality than those obtained by their public, employees, and counter parts. The results indicated that the supervisors attached more important service quality than the other groups. The performance of household affairs administration offices should be evaluated based on the viewpoint of the public in order to provide service that meets the public¡¦s expectations. To remove all the gaps is what household affairs administration offices should do first in order to improve their service quality. In the theoretical perspective, Gap5 was the functions of Gap1, Gap2, Gap3 and Gap4 that each one of the gap was closely correlation. However, the finding was that Gap1 and Gap2 were highly negative correlation. So, the cognition between the supervisors and employees was greatly difference. To make thorough improvements was to launch the learning organization, reinforce Peter Mr. Senge¡¦s five disciplines¡Gchange mental mode, strengthen dynamic system thinking, beyond oneself, challenge oneself constantly, in-depth conversation to conduct group learning, change personal vision into the goal of organizational development and create shared vision. It finds out that the balance point of the problem upgrades the service quality and citizens¡¦ satisfaction, and creates the service-type government.

The first-principles calculation method has been used to obtain electronic and structural properties of few-layer-graphenes (FLG) with and without an external electric potential Vext. For Vext=0, the AB stacked two-layer FLG has a band overlapping of 9meV. However, an energy gap (Eg) emerges when Vext is greater than about 0.04Volts. Beyond this threshold, Eg increases monotonically with the increase of Vext. The Eg vs. Vext result suggests a semi-metal-semiconductor transition in the AB stacked two-layer FLG, which can be utilized as a nanoscale electronic switch. Three- and four-layer AB stacked FLG¡¦s don¡¦t have a similar dependence of Eg on Vext

A given qualitative mental experience possesses qualitative aspects, or qualia, that identify and distinguish it from other qualitative mental states. While some philosophers explained the mental phenomena by positing nonphysical kinds of entities, some others propose wholly physical explanations. Even if those physicalistic explanations of the mental shed some light on the issue of body-mind relation, Joseph Levine claims that there still exists an explanatory gap between a qualitative mental state and the physical state supposedly responsible for it, since there is no explanation of how and why a certain kind of physical state gives rise to a specific kind of quale.This thesis is an exploration of this problem and evaluation of some of the views that interpret the gap as either ontological or epistemological in order to find out whether the gap is compatible with physicalism or not. The focus is on the Phenomenal Concept Strategy that proposes a physicalistic account for the existence of the gap that is based on the character of phenomenal concepts. I examine whether this strategy is satisfactory or not and propose a possible physicalist account to the special character of phenomenal concepts.