Exploring the Service Quality for the Virtual Government ¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@¡@Abstract ¡@¡@The virtual government has been defined as the citizen services provider on the Internet. In addition to its 24-hour and 7-day everlasting service hours, it has also reinvented the ways governmental agencies deliver their services. The citizens, without any limitation of service hours and physical locations, are entitled to get access to the online governmental services such as information inquiry, online service delivery, and paperless office. The virtual government has indeed played an important role between public agencies and citizens. ¡@¡@This thesis aim to explore the citizens requirements and evaluation for the virtual government. Based on the PZB model and SERVQUAL measures of service quality, this study proposes a conceptual framework and empirical measures that assess the online governmental services. The results have shown that: ¡Ð On the dimensions for service quality: Five dimensions for measuring online governmental services quality are extracted based on factor analysis of the 24-item questionnaire. They are system functions, convenience to citizens, reliability, efficiency, and attraction. ¡Ð On the model for service quality: Based on factor analysis and 1-way analysis of variance, citizens overall satisfaction is not significantly related to their perceived service quality. The results suggest that the overall satisfaction can be evaluated directly from citizens¡¦ expected service quality due to the fact that their expected and perceived quality of online governmental services do not differ substantially. Keywords: virtual government, service quality, PZB model, SERVQUAL

Medical Imaging era is coming. The volume of business of the Department of Radiation Diagnosis is flourishing, and it drives overall hospital revenue to increase greatly. Thus, it is more important to maintain and promote the quality of medical services in hospital management. In this study, it used PZB model and referred to the SERVQUAL to design the questionnaire. It got the five dimensions for "tangible", "guaranteed", "reliability", "reactive" and "care" and twenty factors to explore the quality of service. A Department of Diagnostic Radiology of regional teaching hospital in Kaohsiung area as the scope of the study, it will be an important basis and reference to improve the quality of service according to the valid questionnaires to analyze the gap of the attention degree between medical staffs and patients for the medical service quality(gap 1), and the gap of the attention degree and the satisfaction to the medical service quality(gap 5), and the relationships between basic information of patients and satisfaction with the IPA analysis showing the service quality items distribution. In gap one, only the "reliability" and "tangible" dimensions in the five dimensions have positive gap and the dimension of "tangible" has the biggest. And ten results in 20 factors show that the attention degree of the subjects is greater than that of the medical staff, but there are no significant differences. In gap five, the five dimensions are all positive gaps and "reactive" dimensions is the biggest. In 20 factors, the subjects with the attention degree of the quality of medical services are greater than satisfaction, and in which there are 17 significant differences. Gap one and gap five have the maximum gap value both in the factor of "convenient transportation and easy parking to the hospital.¡¨ In addition, for the IPA analysis, "medical staffs can satisfy my immediate needs¡¨ fell to the quadrant of ¡§Concentrate Here¡¨. Finally, according to the results, we have the following conclusions: First, patients attach more importance to intangible service. Second, service of the medical staff begins from the heart. Third, mental cognitive of the medical staff will influence their work performance. We also have the following five suggestions: First, Improve traffic convenience. Second, strengthen the learning courses for the quality of health care personnel service. Third, implement the mechanism of service performance. Fourth, arrange the opportunities to service sharing and review. Fifth, establish a feedback way for patints.

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Abstract Reading has been the focused program continuously promoted by Ministry of Education and Council of Cultural Affairs; it has been also the core program of each public library. Being seen in every administrative district of Kaohsiung City, the branches of Kaohsiung City Library is the most convenient access channel of the information of books for citizens and most influential on cultivating citizens¡¦ reading habit. The Kaohsiung City Library has actively promoted the City Reading for the past few years. The library has received people¡¦s applause due to its user-friendly measures, reading for different ages, many reading promotional activities and the marketing campaign for the importance of reading. However, whether the readers¡¦ and librarians¡¦ cognition and satisfaction at library service quality increase while the library practices the measures of the above, what are the suggestions for the library, and what are the key factors of readers¡¦ reading behavior that affecting their cognition and satisfaction with reading service quality are the emphasis of this study to explore. Based on the PZB model, this study examined the gap between the readers and the librarians of Kaohsiung City Library in the perception and satisfaction of library¡¦s reading service quality, and surveyed readers¡¦ suggestions for library service and the factors influencing their reading behavior via questionnaires.¡ª . The results of this study are concluded as follows: 1. A significant difference between the readers and the librarians in the cognition and satisfaction of library¡¦s reading service quality exists only on the answers regarding recognizable entrance, well air-conditioning, convenient opening hours, adequate loan limits, and convenient book reservation process. 2. There is a significant difference between the readers and the librarians in service personnel and service quality. 3. Readers care more about the reader¡¦s rights such as the frequent new book arrival, an increase of loan limits and an extension of opening hours; beside the frequency of new book arrival, librarians are concerned with professional librarian training and the adequacy of personnel 4. The factors affecting the reading behavior of interviewees are motive, living style, subject, best-seller, and specific author. Motive is the most influential one. Most of the reading motives are for fun, personal interest, experience enriching and knowledge broadening. That finding shows that obtaining the feeling of happiness from reading is the motive for interviewees to continue to read. The changing cognition of reading service quality is consequent on readers¡¦ experience and communication. Therefore, it is a continuously hard-working process. The administrators of the library should be kept informed frequently about readers¡¦ needs by conducting surveys, studies and communicating with the personnel in service. And, in order to meet readers¡¦ demands, the library should transform the needs to services measures to raise the level of readers¡¦ satisfaction and increase their interest in reading.

Health care quality become an important issue of hospital¡¦s management while the change of external environment such as the National Health Insurance program implementation and continuously reformed. The medical market turned into the highly-competitive, and patients are more concern their right and the quality of health care. By health quality improvement, hospitals can reduce medical malpractice and decrease the costs of medical administration. Health service quality is also an important factor of patient satisfaction. Increasing health service quality not only can improve patient satisfaction but also increase patient loyalty. And patient can get better medical care through the improvement of health service quality. It will increase their satisfaction and loyalty of hospital. The long-term relationship between hospitals and patients will help hospitals built their better image and reputation. This study applies PZB model and health quality factors to survey gaps of health service, the difference of service quality, patient satisfaction and patient loyalty. The result shows that service quality and satisfaction have positive effect of loyalty. At last, according to critical study findings, this thesis proposes certain suggestion. Wish medical managers can use these results to explore the key problem of health service. Through improvement of health service quality, it may raise patient satisfaction and increase patient loyalty to the hospitals.

隨著消費者行為的快速變化以及消費者對服務品質的要求提高，提供高品質的服務已經成為企業重要的策略。本研究透過「PZB 模型」從服務提供者和消費者兩個角度來探討台灣有機產業裡存在的服務缺口。 這些年有機連鎖店不斷的成長並成為重要的銷售通路之一，因此本研究選定有機連鎖公司以及有機連鎖店的消費者為研究對象。本研究採取個案研究方法，透過文獻、深度訪談、二手紀錄等方式蒐集資料，以有機連鎖公司以及消費者對服務缺口之觀點來分析及探討，並提出具參考價值的建議，讓相關企業未來可加以運用。 研究結果顯示目前有機產業裡的連鎖公司採取較被動的方式來了解消費者的需求；由於台灣有機產業裡的連鎖公司大多為中小企業，有限的能力和資源常成為滿足消費者需求最大的阻礙；有機連鎖公司缺乏服務品質的衡量指標，在供應商管理方面還需要加強；以上因素造成服務缺口的存在。此外，針對一般大眾對有機概念的推廣和教育還需要持續加強；產品資訊、品質、以及價格成為消費者在衡量服務品質的重要考量；加強推廣行動更能夠滿足消費者對有機產業的期望；另外，提升消費者對有機產品之信心亦為重要的改進方向。 / Facing rapid changes of customer behavior and increasing customers demand on service quality, delivering high quality service is adapted as an important strategy in businesses. This study applies the PZB Model to investigate the service gaps in the organic industry in Taiwan from the perspective of both service providers and customers. In recent years organic chain stores have become an important distribution channels for organic products. Therefore, organic chain store companies and organic chain stores customers are selected to be respondents. Using case study method, this study collects and analyzes data by collecting literature review, gathering secondary data, and conducting interviews with organic chain store companies and customers. The findings can serve as reference to future improvement in the industry. This study finds that current companies still use passive approaches to understand customer demands. Since most of companies in this industry are small and medium enterprises, limited capabilities and resources often become barriers when fulfilling customer demands. Companies are lacking of service performance measurement and quality improvement program. All of these situations can cause the existence of service gaps. Other findings showed that in general organic customers already have an understanding of the organic concept. However, the industry still needs efforts to communicate with people who currently aren’t customers. Product information, product quality, and price become important considerations for customers in assessing service quality in this industry. Moreover, customer trust and confidence in organic products should be increased and became an important focus of the government as well as the management to stimulate industry growth.

本研究對曾經以直效行銷方式購買保險的台灣地區消費者，根據各縣市人口比例進行隨機分層抽樣，共發出問卷5066份回收有效問卷913份，並以PZB衡量服務品質模型中的感受的服務 (Perceived Service) 變數做為區隔市場的基礎。經多變量統計分析，將DM、TM、Agent三個行銷管道中各自區隔出三種消費族群；銀行保險管道區隔出四個消費集群。每一個集群配合卡方檢定，對購買壽險的「利益因素」與構成知覺風險高低因素中的「價格/意願」、「商品知識/偏好」「態度/涉入」、「訊息來源/管道偏好」與「人口統計變數」共六個行為變數來解釋集群的行為特徵。研究發現： 1. DM管道消費者(831人)的行為特徵在「利益因素」為便宜、保險是理財套餐一部份、透過其他商品而購買；在「商品知識/偏好」為終身險、儲蓄險、重大疾病險、團體險、意外險；在「態度/涉入」重視的為是否有專人服務與諮詢、與接觸訊息時點有關；在「訊息來源/管道偏好」為業務員、郵局；在「人口統計變數」為年齡集中於23~37歲(71%)、教育程度集中於高中~大學(89%)、居住地區北部(39%)、南部(30%)、中部(26%)。 2. TM管道消費者(57人)的行為特徵在「利益因素」為保險是理財套餐一部份、透過介紹後喜歡並購買；在「商品知識/偏好」為終身險、儲蓄險；在「態度/涉入」重視的為是否有專人服務與諮詢；在「訊息來源/管道偏好」為業務員、TM；在「人口統計變數」為男性居多(68%)。 3. Agent管道消費者(839人)的行為特徵在「利益因素」為購買程序方便、信賴金融機構知名度；在「商品知識/偏好」為重大疾病險、團體險；在「態度/涉入」重視的為是否有專人服務與諮詢、與接觸時點有關、保障內容保費高低、接觸與了解的過程、售後服務、購後滿意程度；在「訊息來源/管道偏好」為業務員、金融機構櫃檯；在「人口統計變數」為年齡集中於23~44歲(83%)、教育程度集中於高中~大學(88%)、職業以民營職員、自由業、自營商人、公教人員。 4. 銀行保險管道消費者(101人)的行為特徵在「利益因素」為信賴金融機構知名度；在「商品知識/偏好」為儲蓄險；在「態度/涉入」重視的為購後滿意程度；在「人口統計變數」為家庭收入9萬以下(80%)、婚姻狀況已婚佔55%。 / This paper investigates the Taiwan's consumers who ever bought insurance by way of direct marketing channel. According to both of random stratified sampling and the proportion of each state's populations, we mail out 5066 articles of questionnaire and gain the 913 effective responses totally. The variable of segment is "perceived service" which is from the PZB model of 1994's version. With the multivariate analysis, we get 3 clusters on each marketing channel of DM, TM, Agent, and 4 clusters on Bancassurance. To each cluster, we apply χ2 Test to test whether it is significant to those behavior factors which are "Interest for buying insurance", "Price/Intention", "Product knowledge/Preference", "Attitude/Involvement", "Information/Channel", and "Population profile". ┌────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┐ │ │Interest │Price/ │Product │Attitude/ │Informati-│Population│ │ │buying │Intention │knowledge/│Involveme-│on/Channel│profile │ │ │insurance │ │Preference│nt │ │ │ ├────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┤ │DM │Cheaper, │ │Whole life│Consultant│Agent,post│Age │ │ │One stop │ │, Endowme-│exist or │office │between 23│ │ │shopping, │ │nt Dread │not, The │ │and 37, │ │ │Cross │ │disease, │dealing │ │education │ │ │buying │ │group │moment, │ │between │ │ │ │ │insurance,│ │ │high │ │ │ │ │accident, │ │ │school and│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │university│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │resident │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │area on │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │north, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │middle of │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Taiwan │ ├────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┤ │TM │One stop │ │Whole │ │Agent │Male(68％)│ │ │shopping, │ │life, │ │ │ │ │ │Acceptance│ │Endowment,│ │ │ │ │ │after │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │explanati-│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │on │ │ │ │ │ │ ├────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┤ │Agent │Convention│ │Group life│Consultant│Agnet, │Age betwe-│ │ │, Trust │ │, Dread │exist or │Bancassur-│en 23 and │ │ │ │ │disease, │not, The │ance, │44, Educa-│ │ │ │ │ │dealing │ │tion │ │ │ │ │ │moment, │ │between │ │ │ │ │ │Contents │ │high scho-│ │ │ │ │ │and price,│ │ol and │ │ │ │ │ │The deali-│ │university│ │ │ │ │ │ng process│ │, │ ├────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┤ │Bancass-│Trust, │ │Endowment │Emphasis │ │Family │ │urance │ │ │ │the satis-│ │income │ │ │ │ │ │faction │ │below │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │NT90000, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │married │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │(55％), │ └────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┘