Submitted by Amanda Silva (amanda.osilva2@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-03T14:35:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO SUELEN CRISTINA DE LIMA.pdf: 5986222 bytes, checksum: 679d57cd1651e5c141d03a5aa0e9f8cc (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T14:35:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO SUELEN CRISTINA DE LIMA.pdf: 5986222 bytes, checksum: 679d57cd1651e5c141d03a5aa0e9f8cc (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / CNPq / A Anemia de Fanconi (AF) é uma síndrome genética essencialmente autossômica recessiva, caracterizada clinicamente por anormalidades congênitas, alterações hematológicas e suscetibilidade aumentada ao câncer. Ao nível celular, indivíduos portadores desta síndrome apresentam acentuada fragilidade cromossômica, resultante de falhas no sistema de reparo a lesões no DNA, o que lhes confere hipersensibilidade a agentes clastogênicos. Para o diagnóstico laboratorial, costumase avaliar as alterações cromossômicas induzidas em linfócitos do sangue periférico por agentes químicos, tais como: Diepoxibutano (DEB) e Mitomicina C (MMC). Contudo, a utilização destes agentes para fins de diagnóstico possui uma série de restrições no que se refere à sua obtenção, transporte, manipulação e descarte. Neste contexto, a Radiação Ionizante (RI) surge como um agente clastogênico alternativo ao uso do DEB, tendo em vista que oferece menores riscos em termos de biossegurança e ao meio ambiente. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o uso da RI em linfócitos de sangue venoso periférico (SVP) para diagnostico da AF. Para padronização da metodologia de análise, avaliaram-se primeiramente diferentes níveis de dose de irradiação, utilizando-se acelerador linear (taxa dose 200 cGy/min), e tempos de cultivo celular distintos, em amostras de SVP de pacientes previamente diagnosticados positivos para AF. Em seguida, dois grupos de indivíduos foram estudados: Grupo N formado por 5 indivíduos normais e Grupo P composto por 9 pacientes suspeitos de serem portadores de AF. Cada amostra individual de SVP foi separada em duas alíquotas, sendo uma irradiada e a outra não exposta à radiação. Após cultura de linfócitos, para cada alíquota, foram contabilizadas as alterações cromossômicas observadas em 200 metáfases. Os resultados indicaram três dos nove pacientes como portadores da Anemia de Fanconi (AF+), enquanto para os demais pacientes a metodologia definida nesta pesquisa os diagnosticou negativamente (AF-). Todos os indivíduos caracterizados como AF+, através da metodologia estabelecida neste trabalho, foram também diagnosticados como portadores da AF pelo teste DEB (padrão ouro). Diferenças estatisticamente significativas, ao nível de 5%, foram encontradas entre as alterações cromossômicas apresentadas pelos indivíduos dos grupos N e P (AF+), indicando que a metodologia estabelecida nesta pesquisa permite diferenciar pacientes portadores da AF de indivíduos normais. Os resultados desta pesquisa sugerem o uso da RI como ferramenta para diagnóstico de portadores da Anemia de Fanconi, contribuindo para a disponibilização de uma metodologia alternativa, mais acessível e de igual eficácia em relação àquela atualmente empregada no Brasil para o diagnóstico desta doença.

Submitted by Nathanael da Cruz e Silva Neto null (ncsilvaneto@gmail.com) on 2017-03-25T14:00:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nathanael_da_Cruz_e_Silva_Neto_mestrado.pdf: 1483219 bytes, checksum: 4d1bd656d3fe382bdaf8a7bba94e1f72 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-03-29T18:35:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silvaneto_nc_me_mar.pdf: 1483219 bytes, checksum: 4d1bd656d3fe382bdaf8a7bba94e1f72 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-29T18:35:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silvaneto_nc_me_mar.pdf: 1483219 bytes, checksum: 4d1bd656d3fe382bdaf8a7bba94e1f72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os documentos que fundamentam os programas da Capes voltados para a formação de professores da Educação Básica, junto às licenciaturas, que se encontram sob responsabilidade e gestão da Diretoria de Formação de Professores da Educação Básica (DEB), para verificar se os diversos programas instituídos por essa entidade no período recente representam efetivamente a instituição de uma política nacional de formação de professores e, ainda, de um sistema nacional de formação de professores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Com relação ao suporte teórico, recorreu-se tanto a autores que discutem o ensino superior e a pós-graduação no Brasil, bem como suas interfaces com esse órgão, o qual possui papel relevante no contexto das políticas educacionais, quanto a autores que discutem as políticas públicas para a formação de professores no Brasil e questões ligadas à profissão docente. No que tange à perspectiva documental, foram analisados os documentos legais referentes à criação, à implementação e às modificações da Capes ao longo dos anos, bem como os relatórios de gestão da instituição, onde se encontram informações sobre as mais recentes iniciativas e sobre as políticas sob sua responsabilidade. Após a apresentação da trajetória da instituição Capes, evidenciando as suas diversas modificações, tanto no que diz respeito à sua estrutura organizacional, quanto aos seus paradigmas de atuação, apresentamos e analisamos os resultados de suas políticas voltadas à formação docente da Educação Básica, com enfoque nos dois principais programas: o Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid) e o Plano Nacional de Formação de Professores da Educação Básica (Parfor). Os resultados indicam que, embora os programas implementados pela Capes não deixem de tocar em pontos levantados por especialistas da área como relevantes e estratégicos para os enfrentamentos atuais da educação brasileira, o seu caráter fragmentado faz com que essas ações constituam-se em alternativas pontuais e, por isso, insuficientes se consideradas as reais necessidades educacionais do país. Em primeiro lugar, são poucas as instituições de ensino superior que reúnem condições para concorrerem nos editais da Capes, e as instituições privadas, nas quais se concentra a maior parte das matrículas em licenciaturas, não conseguem abrigar esses projetos. Além disso, a própria dinâmica de proposição de projetos via editais faz com que as ações da Capes se voltem apenas às áreas contempladas pelos projetos dos proponentes (as IES participantes), desconsiderando-se as reais necessidades educacionais. Por fim, a fragilidade dessas iniciativas, executadas com o estatuto de programas, fica comprometida sobremaneira com a recente política de ajuste fiscal, que tem provocado cortes drásticos no orçamento da área de Educação. Concluímos, portanto, que a efetiva melhoria da educação, rumo a uma escola pública, democrática e de qualidade para todos, só pode ser alcançada por meio de mudanças estruturais e efetivas, que possam solucionar os problemas historicamente constituídos. / This research aims at analyzing the documents that base the programs of Capes directed to the formation of teachers of Elementary Education by Direction of Formation of Teachers of Elementary Education (DEB) responsibility and management, to verify if the programs instituted by this entity in the recent period effectively represent the establishment of a national policy of formation of teacher and a national system of formation of teacher. It is a bibliographical and documentary research. As a theoretical support, we use authors who discuss higher education and post-graduation in Brazil, as well as their interfaces with this institution, which plays a relevant role in the context of educational policies, as well as authors who discuss public policies for the formation of Teachers in Brazil and issues related to the teaching profession. In the documentary perspective, we analyze the legal documents relating to the establishment, implementation and modifications of Capes over the years, as well as the management reports of the institution, which contains information about the latest initiatives and the policies under its responsibility. Following the presentation of Capes' trajectory, showing its modifications, both in terms of its organizational structure and its performance paradigms, we present and analyze the results of its policies aimed at formation of teacher of Elementary Education, focusing on the two main programs: the Institutional Scholarship of Teaching Initiation Program (Pibid) and the Formation of Teachers of Elementary Education National Plan (Parfor). The results indicate that their fragmented character makes these actions one-off alternatives, although the programs implemented by Capes do not fail to touch on points raised by specialists as relevant and strategic to the current confrontations of Brazilian education. Therefore, they are insufficient considering the real educational needs of the country. First, there are few higher education institutions that are eligible to compete in the Capes' bids, and private institutions, where most of the undergraduate enrollments are concentrated, are unable to house these projects. In addition, the proposal of projects via bids makes Capes' actions focus only on the areas contemplated by the projects of the proponents (the participating educational institutions), disregarding the actual educational needs. Finally, these initiatives are implemented with the status of programs and are greatly compromised by the recent policy of fiscal adjustment, which has caused drastic cuts in the education budget. We conclude, therefore, that the effective improvement of education, towards a democratic and quality public school for all, can only be achieved through structural and effective changes that can solve the problems historically constituted. / CNPq: 132923/2016-5

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Music Education, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Sept. 9, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 222-223). Also issued in print.

The system Spacewalk is a managment tool for the linux operating systems based on RPM package manager. The aim of thesis is adding support to Spacewalk for DEB package managment system, which is connected with Debian, a distribution of linux operating system. The result is native support of managing Debian system by the Spacewalk, what includes a registration of system, distribution of configuration files, remote scripts running and managment of DEB packages.

Les systèmes intégrés d’aquaculture multi-trophique (IMTA) proposent de limiter les rejets dans l’environnement en associant la culture d’espèces de niveaux trophiques différents et le recyclage des déchets. Les détritivores sont un groupe trophique intéressant car ils permettent l’extraction de matière organique particulaire. Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor est un polychète qui connait un intérêt croissant du fait de sa capacité de bioturbation dans les sédiments et de sa haute valeur commerciale en tant qu’appât et nourriture potentielle pour animaux. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’évaluer le potentiel d’ H. diversicolor dans la bio-remédiation des rejets solides en système IMTA. Plus spécifiquement, l’étude a eu pour objectifs : i) de calibrer une nouvelle méthode de mesure des composés organiques des rejets (azote, carbone, phosphore, lipides), ii) d’évaluer l’activité métabolique (respiration) d’H. diversicolor nourries aux fèces de Dicentrarchus labrax en fonction de leur taille et de différentes températures, et iii) d’utiliser un modèle bioénergétique pour simuler croissance, respiration et excrétion d’H. diversicolor selon différents scenarios IMTA.Pour obtenir une caractérisation rapide des composés organiques, une méthode novatrice (NIRS) a été calibrée. Les composés des rejets ont varié entre 44-77% de matière organique, 2-5% d’azote organique total, 11-51% de carbone organique total, 9-26 de rapport carbone/azote, 1-3% phosphore total and 2-12% de lipides (% de matière sèche).Les taux métaboliques de H. diversicolor nourries aux fèces ont été estimés par consommations d’oxygène à différentes températures (11, 17, 22 and 27°C). Les effets de la température et de la taille du ver sur les consommations en oxygène ont été significatifs, mais ces niveaux de respiration (12.3 µmol g-1 de poids sec h-1 à 20°C) correspondaient probablement à un métabolisme basal dû aux conditions expérimentales (jeun et obscurité).Les simulations du modèle DEB H. diversicolor ont été comparées aux données expérimentales de taux de croissance, de respiration et d’excrétion, ce qui a permis de corroborer les prédictions du modèle. Le modèle DEB a permis de tester différents scenarios pour prédire les réponses métaboliques, la croissance, la maturité et la reproduction d’ H. diversicolor à différentes températures (5 à 25°C) et disponibilité alimentaire (f variant de 0.5 à 1, correspondant à la disponibilité des fèces). Le modèle DEB s’est avéré être un outil utile pour prédire les réponses physiologiques sous différentes conditions environnementales dans un contexte IMTA. / Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) systems are based on the concept of limiting aquaculture discharges associating species of different trophic levels to reuse wastes. Deposit-feeders are one trophic group that has gained attention for the extraction of particulate organic matter. Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor is a polychaete species that has gained increasing interest for its bioremediation capacity through bioturbation activity in sediments, and high commercial value as fish bait and animal food sources. The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the fish waste bioremediation capacity of polychaete H. diversicolor in IMTA context. More specifically, i) to predict organic compounds (nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, lipids) in marine fish waste, ii) to evaluate the metabolic responses - respiration - of H. diversicolor fed with solid waste of seabass Dicentrarchus labrax at different temperatures and body size, and iii) to use a bioenergetic model (DEB) to simulate growth, oxygen consumption and excretion in different IMTA scenarios.To provide fast characterization of organic compounds we used an innovative method based on near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Chemical content of the waste measured by NIRS models after calibration, ranged from 44-77% organic matter, 2-5% total organic nitrogen, 11-51% total organic carbon, 9-26 carbon/nitrogen ratio, 1-3% total phosphorus and 2-12% lipids (% of dry matter).Fish waste fed H. diversicolor metabolic rates were evaluated through oxygen consumption at different temperatures (11, 17, 22 and 27°C). The effect of temperature and worm body size was significant on oxygen consumptions, however these respiration measures (12.3 µmol g-1 of dry weight h-1 at 20°C) may represent basal metabolic rate due to experimental conditions (starvation, darkness).DEB model of H. diversicolor was compared to experimental data on growth, respiration and excretion rates, which corroborated DEB model predictions. DEB was then applied to test different scenarios predicting metabolic responses, growth, maturity and reproduction of H. diversicolor at different temperatures (5 to 25°C) and food levels (f varying from 0 to 1, corresponding to fish waste loading). DEB revealed to be a useful tool in IMTA context, predicting physiological responses in different environmental conditions.

Ce travail de thèse s'est intéressé aux effets de l'uranium appauvri (U) sur le poisson zèbre, Danio rerio. L'hypothèse de travail majeure est que les effets de l'U peuvent se traduire par des modifications du métabolisme. Par conséquent nous avons caractérisé la performance physiologique par le biais de la théorie des bilans d'énergie dynamique (DEB) car c'est la seule théorie qui quantifie simultanément l'ingestion, l'assimilation, la croissance, la reproduction, la maturation, la maintenance et le vieillisse¬ment au cours du cycle de vie entier à des niveaux de nourriture variable. Un modèle DEB a ainsi été construit et a permis de quantifier et de prédire la manière dont la performance physiologique du poisson zèbre dépend de son niveau de nutrition (et de la température). Nous avons montré que le développement s'accélère après la naissance jusqu'à la métamorphose où l'accélération cesse. De plus les coûts de maintenance somatique sont très élevés.Un module spécifiant la toxico-cinétique de l'U, chez un individu qui se nourrit, croit et se reproduit, a été incorporé dans le modèle DEB. Le modèle a été appliqué aux données de toxicité (publiés et acquis pendant la thèse) afin de découvrir quel processus est affecté par l'U. Les résultats montrent qu'à partir de 0 nM, l'U augmenterait les coûts de croissance et diminuerait l'assimilation et/ou augmenterait le coût de la maintenance somatique. Nous n'avons pas pu détecter d'effets notables sur la maturation. Une étude histologique révèle que l'U altère l'intégrité de la paroi intestinale et pourrait perturber l'homéostasie des interactions hôte-bactéries. / The aim of this dissertation is to characterize the toxicity of depleted uranium (U) on the metabolism of zebrafish, Danio rerio. The underlying hypothesis of this work is that effects of U show up as effects on the metabolism of the individual. Consequently, we characterized physiological performance using Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory since it is the only theory which simultaneously specifies ingestion, assimilation, growth, reproduction, maturation, maintenance and ageing over the whole life-cycle at varying food availability. Thus a DEB model was built which quantifies and predicts how the physiological performance of zebrafish relates to food level (and temperature). We showed that development accelerates after birth until metamorphosis after which acceleration ceases. Furthermore, somatic maintenance costs are very high.A module specifying toxico-kinetics of U in a feeding, growing and reproducing individual was incorporated into the DEB model. The model was then applied to toxicity data (from the literature or acquired during this thesis) in order to determine which processes are affected by U. Our results show that, from 0 nM onwards, U increases costs for growth and either increases somatic maintenance or decreases assimilation. We were unable to detect effects on maturation. A histological study showed that U alters histology of the gut wall and may perturb host-microbe homeostasis. By accounting for differences in initial conditions between individuals we were able to explain a number of seemingly contradictory results. The take home message is: observations on individuals should not be averaged for groups of individuals.

Les estuaires sont des écosystèmes aquatiques particulièrement soumis au changement global et notamment à la pollution par de nombreux xénobiotiques pouvant présenter un risque écotoxicologique et sanitaire. En toxicologie environnementale et en évaluation des risques la bioaccumulation est un processus fondamental car elle contrôle les doses internes de toxiques potentiels. Or les flux de contamination et de décontamination des organismes dépendent de processus internes (e.g. nutrition, croissance) eux-mêmes dépendant des conditions environnementales (e.g. température, nourriture) qui peuvent être affectées par le changement global.Dans ce contexte, cette thèse se propose de décrire, dans un cadre de modélisation mécaniste, les processus de bioaccumulation de deux familles de polluants organiques persistants (POP) halogénés potentiellement toxiques et bioaccumulables, aux propriétés physico-chimiques contrastées : les polychlorobiphényles (PCB, composés historiques fortement lipophiles) et les substances perfluorées (PFAS, composés émergents amphiphiles). Ce travail se focalise sur l’estuaire de la Gironde dont la fonction de nourricerie est fondamentale pour de nombreuses espèces de poissons marins dont la sole commune (Solea solea), souvent utilisée comme indicatrice de la qualité des nourriceries côtières et estuariennes.Pour permettre de tenir compte des fluctuations des conditions environnementales sur la bioaccumulation, dans la première partie de ce travail, j’ai développé un modèle de toxicocinétique(TK) couplé avec un modèle mécaniste bioénergétique basé sur la théorie DEB (Dynamic Energy Budget). Ce modèle DEB a été paramétré pour la sole commune et calibré pour chaque sexe (package DEB tool). Il permet de prédire les principales évolutions des fonctions physiologiques d’intérêt en bioaccumulation (ingestion, croissance, reproduction...), tout au long du cycle de vie d’un individu, en fonction de conditions environnementales dynamiques. Le modèle TK développé a été complexifié par l’ajout d’un flux d’élimination de contaminants, non considéré dans les précédents modèles DEB-TK.La calibration des paramètres toxicocinétiques (TK) du modèle, pour 4 congénères de PCB, est basée sur une méthode innovante de prise en compte de la variabilité individuelle d’ingestion, appliquée à une expérimentation de contamination de juvéniles de sole via leur nourriture. Ce travail a montré que même en tenant compte de l’ingestion de chaque poisson, l’assimilation efficace de contaminant était très variable et corrélée aux taux de lipides des individus. Dans une seconde partie, ce modèle a été appliqué aux conditions in situ de l’estuaire de la Gironde. Il a permis de mettre en évidence la forte influence de la composition du régime alimentaire sur la variabilité de l’âge à la maturité sexuelle et de la contamination des soles pour les deux familles de contaminant étudiées. La confrontation des prédictions du modèle aux mesures de contaminants dans les juvéniles de sole de l’estuaire a permis de calibrer les paramètres TK du composé majeur de chaque famille dans l’environnement (CB153 et PFOS). Cette calibration a conduit à deux constats dans le cadre de l’évaluation du risque : (1) un manque de connaissances pour extrapoler les calibrations de paramètres TK en conditions contrôlées vers les conditions naturelles ; (2) la différence d’erreur d’évaluation du risque liée à l’utilisation des mêmes paramètres TK «les plus pessimistes » quels que soient les composés. Enfin, des scenarios prospectifs simples ont été développés pour illustrer ces résultats et les possibles applications du modèle développé.In fine, ces prédictions de la contamination, de la croissance et du développement des soles pourront être reliées, lors de travaux ultérieurs, à des effets potentiels sur les fonctions physiologiques de la sole (modèles DEBtox), et aux conséquences sur la dynamique des populations de soles (e.g.modèles matriciels de population). / Estuarine ecosystems are particularly impacted by global change and, specifically, bychemical pollution from numerous xenobiotics that may be associated to ecotoxicological and health risks. In environmental toxicology and risk assessment, bioaccumulation is a fundamental process as it controls the internal doses of potential toxicants in organisms. However, the contamination and decontamination flows depend on internal processes thatare themselves dependent on environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, food) and thus on the other variables of global change.In this context, this manuscript aims at describing, within a mechanistic modelling framework, the bioaccumulation processes of two families of potentially toxic and bioaccumulable halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with contrasting physicochemical properties: the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, highly lipophilic historical compounds) and the perfluorinated substances (PFAS, amphiphilic emerging compounds).This work focuses on the Gironde estuary whose nursery function is fundamental for many species of marine fish including the common sole (Solea solea), often used as an indicator of the quality of coastal and estuarine bursary grounds. In order to account for the influence of environmental conditions on bioaccumulation, the first part of this work consisted in developing a toxicokinetic model (TK) coupled with a mechanistic bioenergetic model based on the theory DEB (Dynamic Energy Budget). This DEBmodel has been parameterized for common sole and calibrated for each sex (packageDEBtool). It allows predicting the main evolution of the physiological functions of interest forbioaccumulation (ingestion, growth, reproduction...) throughout the life cycle of an individualaccounting for dynamic environmental conditions. The developed TK model was first calibrated for some PCBs, under controlled conditions, using an innovative method to take into account individual ingestion variability. This work showed that even if the individual ingestion of each fish is accounted for, the effective assimilation of contaminant is very variable and correlated with the lipid levels of the individuals. The application of the model tothe in situ conditions of the Gironde estuary led to identify that, whatever the contaminant family, the composition of the soles diet had a strong influence on the variability of soles contamination and age at sexual maturity. The comparison of model predictions with measurements made in juveniles of the estuary allowed calibrating the TK parameters values for the major compound of each family in the environment (CB153 and PFOS). This calibration led to two observations in the context of a risk assessment: (1) a lack of knowledge to extrapolate calibrations of TK parameters under controlled conditions to natural conditions;(2) the difference in risk assessment error related to the use of the same "worst case" TK parameters regardless of the compounds. Lastly, simple prospective scenarios have beendeveloped to illustrate these results and the possible applications of the model developed.Ultimately, these predictions of soles contamination, growth and development may be related in future work to potential effects on the physiological functions of sole (DEBtox models), and to consequences on soles population dynamics (e.g. matrix population models).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:33:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo_LeitE_Esteves.pdf: 979118 bytes, checksum: 4a3545630278b1fbb9d0593fb16a7aa4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-09 / For a few years the issue of debentures was restricted to publicly traded companies. From January 2009 through CVM Instruction 476, the Securities Commission has extended access to the capital market issuers allowing private companies could also issue Debentures. This access leads us to question what the main factors in the formation of spread in primary issuances of debentures of non-financial companies, listed and unlisted on stock exchanges in Brazil, from 2009 to 2013, and this is the goal of this work. The next question that seeks to answer is whether there is additional spread in the debentures of unlisted companies, and this is the main specific objective of this study. Also seeks to assess whether the spread is influenced by the tax benefit granted to the investor allocates resources debenture financing infrastructure projects. Additionally, the paper studies the influence of the choice of lead manager of the issuing bank in the formation process of the spread and a possible relationship between the spread of the emission and indicators Profitability, Performance and Indebtedness. The sample is composed only of primary emissions of listed and unlisted companies, which occurred between 2009 and 2013, through the SND - National Debenture System, maintained by ANBIMA. We used the OLS - OLS, estimated with the dependent variable spread and fifteen independent variables, resulting in nine statistically significant variables. The results indicate the existence of an additional premium to non- listed companies; influence in shaping the spread according to the choice of lead manager bank of the process; a statistically significant relationship between financial indicators and the formation of the spread / Por alguns anos a emiss??o de deb??ntures estava restrita a empresas de capital aberto. A partir de janeiro de 2009, atrav??s da Instru????o CVM 476, a Comiss??o de Valores Mobili??rios ampliou o acesso de emissores ao mercado de capitais permitindo que empresas de capital fechado tamb??m pudessem emitir deb??ntures. Este acesso nos leva questionar quais os principais fatores determinantes na forma????o do spread em emiss??es prim??rias de deb??ntures de empresas n??o financeiras, listadas e n??o listadas em Bolsa de Valores no Brasil, de 2009 a 2013, e este ?? o objetivo geral deste trabalho. A pergunta seguinte que se procura responder ?? se existe spread adicional nas deb??ntures de empresas n??o listadas, e este ?? o principal objetivo espec??fico deste estudo. Busca-se tamb??m avaliar se o spread ?? influenciado pelo benef??cio fiscal concedido ao investidor que aloca recursos em deb??ntures que financiam projetos de infraestrutura. Adicionalmente, o trabalho estuda a influ??ncia da escolha do banco coordenador l??der do processo de emiss??o na forma????o do spread e uma poss??vel rela????o entre o spread da emiss??o e indicadores de lucratividade, rentabilidade, desempenho e alavancagem (endividamento e composi????o de d??vida). A amostra ?? composta somente por emiss??es prim??rias, de empresas listadas e n??o listadas, ocorridas entre 2009 e 2013, atrav??s do SND Sistema Nacional de Deb??ntures , mantido pela ANBIMA. Utilizou-se o MQO M??nimos Quadrados Ordin??rios , estimado com a vari??vel dependente spread e com quinze vari??veis independentes, resultando em nove vari??veis estatisticamente significantes. Os resultados apontam a exist??ncia de um pr??mio adicional ??s empresas n??o listadas; a influ??ncia na forma????o do spread de acordo com a escolha do banco coordenador l??der do processo; a rela????o estatisticamente significante entre os indicadores cont??beis e a forma????o do spread

This master thesis discourses upon problems with automatic building and testing of network security solution AVG for Linux/FreeBSD on platforms GNU/Linux and FreeBSD. This work introduces AVG for Linux/FreeBSD and its usage.  Compilation and link are discussed from the source code to the distribution packages, which users can install on your computer. Also, the repository term was introduced, containing the information about their creation and usage. The part about AVG for Linux/FreeBSD testing discusses suitable  automatic testing proposals for this product and implementation of the best solutions. In the practical part, the testing tool was developed. AVG for Linux/FreeBSD was tested using the test tool and implemented test set.

Submitted by Elba Lopes (elba.lopes@fecap.br) on 2017-08-16T13:55:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 MARCELO SANTANA DA SILVA.pdf: 579761 bytes, checksum: 31198b1e756da9a787c417c0e54d6c5a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-16T13:55:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 MARCELO SANTANA DA SILVA.pdf: 579761 bytes, checksum: 31198b1e756da9a787c417c0e54d6c5a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / The objective of this study is to analyze the factors that determine the spread of the public issues of debentures indexed to the Broad Consumer Price Index (IPCA) in Brazil. Emissions indexed to the IPCA were choose because they are instruments usually used to capture resources of longer maturity by the issuing companies. The database had 245 series of issues occurred between January 2010 and December 2015. Regressions were estimated by ordinary least squares and weighted least squares methods, and the results presented by the last method were more robust. The rating-spread ratio was confirmed in all regressions and the results indicate that this variable explains, by itself, 58% of the spread variation. Other the rating, the results indicate that the main factors that determine the spread of the issues are: collateral, issuer experience, maturity, amount, prestige of the coordinating bank, tax benefits and economic scenario. Due to the results achieved, other issues related to market efficiency were approached, such as agency conflicts, information asymmetry and adverse selection. The results show that the collaterized issues remunerated the investors with a higher spread than the unsecured ones, and this premium ranged from 35 to 38 basis points. The results were interpreted in the context of agency theory and resemble those found by John, Lynch and Puri (2003) for the US corporate bonds market. Finally, the favorable economic scenario, as measured by the Emerging Market Bond Index - Brazil (EMBI + BR), showed negativelycorrelated with the spread, and these results were interpreted as effects of the information asymmetry and adverse selection present in the local market for debt issuance. / O objetivo deste estudo ?? analisar os fatores que determinam o spread das emiss??es p??blicas de deb??ntures indexadas ao ??ndice de Pre??os ao Consumidor Amplo (IPCA) no Brasil. Utilizou-se as emiss??es indexadas ao IPCA por serem instrumentos usualmente empregados na capta????o de recursos de maturidade mais longa pelas empresas emissoras. A base de dados contou com 245 s??ries de emiss??es realizadas entre janeiro de 2010 e dezembro de 2015. As regress??es foram estimadas pelos m??todos de m??nimos quadrados ordin??rios e m??nimos quadrados ponderados, e os resultados apresentados por este ??ltimo foram mais robustos. A rela????o rating-spread foi confirmada em todas as regress??es e os resultados indicam que essa vari??vel explica, isoladamente, 58% da varia????o do spread. Al??m do rating, os resultados indicam que os principais fatores que determinam o spread das emiss??es s??o: garantias, experi??ncia do emissor, maturidade, volume, prest??gio do banco coordenador, benef??cios fiscais e cen??rio econ??mico. Em raz??o dos resultados alcan??ados, foram abordados temas relacionados ?? efici??ncia de mercado, tais como conflitos de ag??ncia, assimetria de informa????o e sele????o adversa. Os resultados demonstram que, as emiss??es com garantia remuneraram seus investidores com spread maior que as sem garantia, e esse pr??mio variou de 35 a 38 basis points. Os resultados foram interpretados no contexto da teoria da ag??ncia e se assemelham aos encontrados por John, Lynch e Puri (2003) para o mercado norte-americano de corporatebonds. Finalmente, o cen??rio econ??mico favor??vel, medido pelo ??ndice Emerging Market Bond Index - Brazil (EMBI+ BR), demonstrou-senegativamentecorrelacionado com o spread, e esses resultados foram interpretados como efeitos de assimetria de informa????o e sele????o adversa presentes no mercado local de emiss??o de d??vida.