<p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur identitetsarbetet ser ut och har sett ut i Linköpings Hockey Club. Hur har man arbetet för att stärka sin identitet? Mer konkret skulle frågan kunna utformas: Hur har LHC arbetat med klubbkänslan och hur har det arbetet sett ut och förändrats mellan 1976-2003. Tanken är att denna undersökning också ska kunna hjälpa lärare att förstå hur elevers identitet skapas, både i och utanför skolan. </p><p>Analysen genomförs med hjälp av tre teman; amatörism professionalism, vi dem och fostran förebilder. Studien visar att LHC arbetat med ett flertal strategier för att stärka sin identitet. Främst handlar det om att värna om de ideal man skapat och bevarat sedan klubben bildades 1976. Det gör man genom att fostra ungdomarna till "rätt" värderingar, värva spelare med noggrannhet, aktivt arbeta med internrekryteringar, eftersträva hockeykunnande i alla delar organisationen, samt balansera mellan ideellt och professionellt.</p><p>I undersökningen visas hur vissa strategier uppkommit, förändrats eller bevarats genom åren. Varje strategi fyller sin unika funktion och riktar sig till olika målgrupper. Vissa strategier är riktade mot de som finns i klubbens periferi. Här hittar vi exempelvis strategierna som ska värva nya medlemmar till gruppen och göra gruppen större. Strategierna som är riktade mot klubben centrum, internrekrytering etcetera, är tänkta att på ett naturligt sätt slussa in nya människor in i Linköpings Hockey Clubs innersta. De människorna ska precis som de igår och de idag, stolt kunna säga: "det är vi som är LHC". </p><p>I skolan är det inte alltid givet att en vi - dem-gruppering för positiva konsekvenser. Det kan visserligen stärka en grupp, men det kan också leda till att fördomar mot andra ökar. I praktiken kan det handla om allt från rivalitet mellan teoretiska och praktiska utbildningar till fördomar om invandrare. Därför är det viktigt att lärare är uppmärksamma på dessa processer så att lärare kan bistå och skydda eleverna i deras identitetsskapande.</p>

<p>In planning a suitable road network, planners put into consideration factors like gradients or slope of the area, available land-use and soil type, community or national landmarks and governmental interest. These different considerations and interest make the planning process complex and as such there might be confusion of interest in the decision making. The use of GIS and Multi-criteria analysis has helped planners to achieve desired and more accurate results and as such reducing the complex nature in the planning process allowing different stakeholders to reach a general conclusion.</p><p>Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) prevents the imposition of limit on the form of criteria and gives opportunity to decision makers to enter their own judgments. This provides a better communication among the decision makers and the entire community and as such creating a more open choice for analysis and possible changes if necessary. The aim of this thesis is to introduce the possibility of using GIS and MCA in road path planning in Nigeria, using Lokoja, the capital of Kogi state as a case study.</p><p>In actualizing the aim, satellite images of the area of study was obtained from the Landsat home page and analyzed to derive the land-use map. The land-use over the area of study was classified into five different classes using the unsupervised method of classification. A DEM over the area of study was downloaded from the website of the Consortium of Spatial information (CSI) and the DEM was used to derive the slope map over the area of study and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used in weighting the criterions according to preference.</p><p>As the conclusion of the analysis, a road path between two points was obtained. The start point of the road was located on an approximate coordinate of 219002, 958986 meters and the destination point on an approximate coordinate of 320322, 878101 meters. The start and destination point were selected randomly without any pre-knowledge of the area. The thesis has succeeded in showing that it is possible to determine a road path between two points using Geographic information system (GIS) and Multi-criteria analysis in Nigeria.</p>

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur identitetsarbetet ser ut och har sett ut i Linköpings Hockey Club. Hur har man arbetet för att stärka sin identitet? Mer konkret skulle frågan kunna utformas: Hur har LHC arbetat med klubbkänslan och hur har det arbetet sett ut och förändrats mellan 1976-2003. Tanken är att denna undersökning också ska kunna hjälpa lärare att förstå hur elevers identitet skapas, både i och utanför skolan. Analysen genomförs med hjälp av tre teman; amatörism professionalism, vi dem och fostran förebilder. Studien visar att LHC arbetat med ett flertal strategier för att stärka sin identitet. Främst handlar det om att värna om de ideal man skapat och bevarat sedan klubben bildades 1976. Det gör man genom att fostra ungdomarna till "rätt" värderingar, värva spelare med noggrannhet, aktivt arbeta med internrekryteringar, eftersträva hockeykunnande i alla delar organisationen, samt balansera mellan ideellt och professionellt. I undersökningen visas hur vissa strategier uppkommit, förändrats eller bevarats genom åren. Varje strategi fyller sin unika funktion och riktar sig till olika målgrupper. Vissa strategier är riktade mot de som finns i klubbens periferi. Här hittar vi exempelvis strategierna som ska värva nya medlemmar till gruppen och göra gruppen större. Strategierna som är riktade mot klubben centrum, internrekrytering etcetera, är tänkta att på ett naturligt sätt slussa in nya människor in i Linköpings Hockey Clubs innersta. De människorna ska precis som de igår och de idag, stolt kunna säga: "det är vi som är LHC". I skolan är det inte alltid givet att en vi - dem-gruppering för positiva konsekvenser. Det kan visserligen stärka en grupp, men det kan också leda till att fördomar mot andra ökar. I praktiken kan det handla om allt från rivalitet mellan teoretiska och praktiska utbildningar till fördomar om invandrare. Därför är det viktigt att lärare är uppmärksamma på dessa processer så att lärare kan bistå och skydda eleverna i deras identitetsskapande.

In planning a suitable road network, planners put into consideration factors like gradients or slope of the area, available land-use and soil type, community or national landmarks and governmental interest. These different considerations and interest make the planning process complex and as such there might be confusion of interest in the decision making. The use of GIS and Multi-criteria analysis has helped planners to achieve desired and more accurate results and as such reducing the complex nature in the planning process allowing different stakeholders to reach a general conclusion. Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) prevents the imposition of limit on the form of criteria and gives opportunity to decision makers to enter their own judgments. This provides a better communication among the decision makers and the entire community and as such creating a more open choice for analysis and possible changes if necessary. The aim of this thesis is to introduce the possibility of using GIS and MCA in road path planning in Nigeria, using Lokoja, the capital of Kogi state as a case study. In actualizing the aim, satellite images of the area of study was obtained from the Landsat home page and analyzed to derive the land-use map. The land-use over the area of study was classified into five different classes using the unsupervised method of classification. A DEM over the area of study was downloaded from the website of the Consortium of Spatial information (CSI) and the DEM was used to derive the slope map over the area of study and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method was used in weighting the criterions according to preference. As the conclusion of the analysis, a road path between two points was obtained. The start point of the road was located on an approximate coordinate of 219002, 958986 meters and the destination point on an approximate coordinate of 320322, 878101 meters. The start and destination point were selected randomly without any pre-knowledge of the area. The thesis has succeeded in showing that it is possible to determine a road path between two points using Geographic information system (GIS) and Multi-criteria analysis in Nigeria.

This study investigates the proposed extension of the existing runway of Margaret Ekpo International Airport, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. The process involves the application of Geographic Information System (GIS) and several geospatial techniques for analysis and result presentation. The aim of the study was achieved with the following resources: satellite imagery downloaded from the Landsat webpage and processed to generate a land use map of the study area; a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) covering the study area which was downloaded from the Consortium for Spatial Information’s (CSI) webpage and observed ground spot heights along the straight path of the proposed runway extension covering a total length of 2.5km and 200m wide. These datasets were modified, processed and assigned the same coordinate system in order to make them conformal for analysis. A GIS was created with the foregoing resources in conjunction with other geospatial applications such as ERDAS Imagine and Surfer 8 to carry out the analysis. The analysis covered the environmental impacts of the proposed project, its effects on already existing human settlements and the huge cost implications based on certain conditions like the mandatory straight path which has to be maintained as an extension of the existing runway. Other factors considered are; the land use of the extension area, the economic benefits of the project, the accessibility of the area, noise pollution as well as the safety and security issues involved. A summary of the result of our analysis shows features such as residential settlements, roads, swampy areas, valleys and areas of high elevation which will act as obstructions along the proposed  runway path. Also, the total surface area of the proposed runway and the volume of earth material required were calculated. The results achieved from this study shows that GIS and other geospatial tools are indispensable resources in complex planning processes such as facility maintenance and management.

Terrain attributes computed from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are widely used in hydrology and hydrologic modeling. It is important to consider that the values of the attributes can be different depending on the resolution of the DEM from which they are derived. The question arises as to how much exactly the high-resolution DEMs created through LIDAR remote sensing techniques change the values of the terrain attributes when compared to lower resolution DEMs.In this thesis a LIDAR-derived DEM of 20 feet resolution was resampled using a nearest-neighbour algorithm to various coarser resolutions to examine and quantify the effect of DEM resolution upon a series of hydrologically significant terrain attributes including slope, surface curvature, topographic wetness index, stream power index and stream networks. Values for slope and surface curvature are found to be smaller when computed from lower resolution DEMs; values for the topographic wetness index and stream power index are found to increase as DEM cell size increases.The derived stream networks for each resolution were compared in terms of length per stream order, drainage density, bifurcation ratio, and overall accuracy indicating a loss of small detail, but only a modest change in the overall stream network morphometry. This research suggests that it is possible to establish relationships that quantify the effects of DEM resolution upon hydrologically significant terrain attributes, which can then be considered when processing DEMs from various resolutions for the purpose of parameterizing hydrologic models.

Of Brahms' choral output, a few works seem to be studied, performed, recorded more or, in general, more popular than others. Brahms' cantata Rinaldo, composed between 1863 and 1868, is a relatively unknown and neglected work worthy of study and performance.For the cantata Rinaldo, Brahms chose a poem by Goethe that is derived from Torquato Tasso's epic poem Gerusalemme Liberata (Jerusalem Delivered), which recounts the mystical tale of the Crusader Knight Rinaldo (a solo tenor) who is persuaded by his crew (the men's chorus) to leave the enchantress Armida and return to war. In this study, I will demonstrate that Brahms' cantata Rinaldo, a work unfamiliar to many American choral conductors, includes two well-crafted choruses that can be extracted from the cantata as independent movements, and used as repertory for men's choirs. In order to accomplish this, I will focus on the origination and comparison of Torquato Tasso's tale and Goethe's own adaptation of the story. I will also examine Brahms' early life, his acquirement of Goethe's text, and provide an in-depth look at two of the choruses from the cantata: "Zuruck nur!" and "Auf dem Meere."Since these movements have not been published as independent choral octavos, an important and primary component of my project will be to create a new edition of these movements. The source material I used to create the editions is Brahms' original manuscript scores of Rinaldo. Additionally, a complete translation of Rinaldo, an IPA pronunciation guide for the edition, and a complete transcription of an interview with Maestro Helmuth Rilling concerning Rinaldo are included in the appendices of this document.

Granular matter is defined as a collection of particle grains, such as sand.This type of matter have different characteristics (solid, liquid and gas) depending on the energy level per grain. There are several approaches to modeling and numerical simulations of granular matter. They are used by different groups for different purposes, and the choice between the approaches is based on knowledge and tradition rather than what might be best for the purpose. The key questions are when to use what method and what physical quality is lost depending on the choice.Two regimes of discrete element granular simulations emerge: smooth and non-smooth. To compare the efficiency and physical quality of the two approaches, four physics softwares are examined including Bullet Physics, LMGC90, AgX and LIGGGHTS. Test scenes are setup in each software and the results are compared to each other or to the results of other work.The thesis is performed at UMIT Research Lab at Umeå University.

As the oil industry moves from a heuristic of avoidance of hydrates to a heuristic of risk management time dependent phenomena of hydrate formation and plugging must be known. One of the key parameters to this process is the aggregation of hydrate particles, the fractal networks they form, and the effect these two parameters have on flow. Unfortunately the aggregation and fractal structure information is extremely difficult to acquire experimentally, for this reason a three-dimension discrete element method (3D-DEM) model has been implemented. The 3D-DEM model calculates detailed solutions to Newton's equations of motion for individual particles. In addition these particles are coupled with the surrounding fluid through computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This coupled 3D-DEM can be used to investigate what the effects of shear, suspending viscosity, attractive forces, and other relevant variables have on the structure, stresses, and positions of the hydrate particles over time. In addition, the effect on viscosity has been calculated using CFD and compared back to basic hard sphere theory.

The main objective of the project was to develop a model for the motion of granular media under vibration in a tub vibrator. For such a system, it was decided that a discrete element method (DEM) was the most appropriate tool to model bulk velocity and circulation of media. In the first phase of the work, a vibratory finisher was modified to introduce planar vibration into a single layer of particles. The motion of the tub was measured using accelerometers and the corresponding granular media behavior was determined by video recording. A discrete element model, based on Cundall’s approach to contact, was developed to model granular flow in different vibratory beds, and the results were compared with experimental measurements of bulk flow velocity and bed expansion for the tub finisher. The sensitivity of the model predictions to the contact parameters was considered and the parameters were optimized with respect to the experimental results. After optimization, the difference between the model predictions of the bulk flow velocity and the measurements was less than 20% at four locations in media beds of two depths. The average bulk density of the vibrating beds was also predicted to be within 20% of the measured values. In the next phase, a two-dimensional discrete element model was developed to model single-cell circulation in vibratory beds that had both vertical and horizontal components of motion. The model predictions were compared with experimental measurements of the onset and growth of circulation in beds of steel and glass spheres as a function of bed depth, inter-particle and wall friction coefficients, and the amplitude of vibration. While the values from the DEM showed an error of up to 50% in the predicted circulation strength, depending on the type of the media and system conditions, the trends predicted by the model closely matched those in the experiments. Finally, a physical model was developed to describe the relationship between the onset and direction of circulation with the vibration of the container. A similar model was used to describe the experimental results as well as the transition in circulation patterns in terms of the resultant shear forces at the vibrating container walls and the interlocking of media close to the container walls. It was also demonstrated that a two-dimensional DEM could model a granular flow in which the media had three-dimensional contact and freedom of movement, but that was driven by vibrations in a plane. In summary, it was found that the linear optimization procedure for the contact parameters is an efficient way to improve the results from DEM. Additionally, the circulation in a tub-vibrator increased with the depth of the particulate media in the container, and with the magnitude of the wall-particle and particle-particle friction coefficients. The strength of circulation also increased with the amplitude of vibration. A strong correlation existed between the total shear force along the vibrating container walls and the circulation behavior. Bulk circulation increased sharply when increasing bed depth increased the pressure and the shear forces at the walls and between particle layers. It was also concluded that dimensionless bed depth (the ratio of bed depth to particle diameter) was not a proper dimensionless group when discussing the circulation behavior and it should act in conjunction with other parameters.