Augmented Reality is commonly used for entertainment purposes on today’s smartphones. We intend to aid the evolution of Augmented Reality as a tool as opposed to a toy. With the use of Apple’s ARKit 1.5 release, which features vertical surface recognition, we implement and evaluate a solution to a target problem which aims to contribute to the knowledge of Augmented Reality’s strength and weaknesses. The implementation allows an iPhone user to measure surface areas by placing anchors to mark an area to be measured. We find that our Augmented Reality tool does not provide the same precision as manual measurements but is still reasonably within boundaries if an estimation is acceptable.

Le changement climatique (CC) actuel, très rapide, va imposer aux espèces de faire évoluer leurs traits d’histoire de vie ou leur aire de répartition. En raison de leur long cycle reproductif, les arbres pourraient ne pas avoir la capacité à s’adapter suffisamment vite et leur aptitude à la migration devrait être déterminante. Les vitesses de colonisation des essences forestières lors de l'holocène ont fortement été revues à la baisse aux cours de la dernière décennie (quelques centaines contre quelques centaines de m/an). Dans ce contexte et en s'appuyant sur le sapin pectiné (Abies alba Mill.) en tant qu'espèce modèle nous avons étudié les principaux facteurs conditionnant l'aptitude à la migration. A partir de placettes de régénérations situées sur la face nord du Mont Ventoux, nous avons estimé la dispersion et le recrutement du sapin, en intégrant les sources de graines et les principales caractéristiques environnementales. La dispersion a également été estimée à partir de données génétiques. Dans les deux cas, les distances de dispersion sont de l’ordre du décamètre. La diversité génétique et l'évolution démographique ont été étudiées au sein de la régénération de sapins afin de tester l'hypothèse de purge de consanguinité. L'espèce présente en effet un régime de reproduction mixte, et la part d'autofécondation, à laquelle s'ajoute la reproduction entre individus consanguins, est à l’origine de l'excès d’homozygotie observé généralement dans la régénération, excès diminuant avec l’âge sous l’action d'une probable purge des individus les plus homozygotes. Les semis étudiés ne présentent pas un fort excès d’homozygotie, néanmoins, les individus les plus homozygotes meurent préférentiellement. Enfin, un modèle de dynamique forestière intégrant les processus, qui contrôlent la migration, a été implémenté afin d'évaluer la compatibilité entre la migration des espèces à long cycle de vie et le CC. Les premiers résultats de nos simulations indiquent que le sapin n’est pas capable de migrer aussi vite que s’opère le réchauffement. / Current climate change (CC), really fast, will impose species to change their history life traits or their distribution range. Trees may not be able to adapt because of their long reproductive cycles hence their potentialities of migration is decisive. Past tree migration rates, during Holocene, were revised in downward these rates (several decameters against several hundred m/year). In this context, and focusing on silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) as “model species”, we studied main factors decisive for migration potentialities. Using regeneration plots, installed on Mont Ventoux north face, silver fir dispersal and seedling recruitment have been studied, including seed sources and main environmental characteristics. Dispersal was also estimated using genetic data. For both cases, dispersal distances are of the order of decameters. This species shows a mixed mating system, and auto-fertilization rate, plus reproduction between half-sibs, induces homozygosity excess, generally observed in regeneration, this excess decreases probably under the purge of inbred individuals. Our results show that seedlings do not have show homozygosity excess, however inbred seedlings die preferentially. Lastly, we constructed a model of forest dynamics that includes processes that determine migration, in order to evaluate the concordance between long life cycle species and CC. Our results show that silver fir does not migrate as fast as climate warming velocity.

This thesis demonstrates advanced techniques using OpenGL. The work is conceived as a demo without any size restrictions. It focuses on creating 3D world, which consists of inner rooms complex. Some additional interesting objects, lighting and shadows enrich the rooms. Particle systems, which were used to create explosions, smokes and some other particle effects are described in the thesis, too. 3D machine models fight between themselves using laser beams and form the story of the demo. Important part of the work is a movement model which is applied to both models and avatar. Sound track completes the demo.

This work deals with the creation of a graphic demo with the use of inverse kinematics. It explains the motivations that led to the creation of the demo; it briefly mentions the history of the demo as well as the principles of animation. It describes in detail the fundamentals of inverse kinematics as well as the terminology needed for the understanding of inverse kinematics. It also includes some selected algorithms. The issue of inverse kinematics is further developed in the part of the work where the principles of skinning are being described. The principles of the collision detection are also mentioned here. The conclusion consists of a detailed explanation of some of the techniques used in graphic demo, such as the L-systems or procedural textures.

Les agroécosystèmes sont des mosaïques d’espaces cultivés, d’espaces naturels et semi-naturels et d’infrastructures humaines fortement imbriqués et donc intrinsèquement liés et dépendants. Les espaces semi-naturels sont confinés généralement aux bordures de champs et aux bordures de route où se côtoient biodiversités végétales cultivées et sauvages. Cette thèse se concentre principalement sur la dispersion des graines de colza (Brassica napus L.) vers ces espaces qui peut conduire à la formation de populations de colza dites férales. A l’échelle d’un agroécosystème, l’étude de données génotypiques couplées à des méthodes d’assignations aux variétés commerciales existantes, a permis de mettre en évidence un lien entre la diversité variétale des champs de colza cultivés et la diversité variétale des populations férales de l’année suivante. De surcroît, l’étude de ces diversités variétales a montré que les champs ne sont pas des entités uniformes comportant des plantes d’une seule variété et que les populations férales accumulent les variétés au fil des années grâce aux apports annuels des champs récoltés, à la survie dans la banque de graines et à l’autorecrutement au sein des populations férales. La modélisation des flux efficaces de graines par une méthode de maximum de vraisemblance a permis d’identifier des dynamiques de dispersion locales au sein des agroécosystèmes. Suivant la zone considérée et les axes de circulation vers le silo de récolte, les sources locales de graines varient et les apports extérieurs de graines sont plus ou moins importants. Nos données nous ont permis d’estimer que les semis de la même année (n), les champs récoltés l’année antérieure ou même les années précédentes (jusqu’à n-2) pouvaient contribuer de manière significative à la présence de populations férales (l’année n). Les distances moyennes de dispersion estimées varient de la dizaine de mètres au kilomètre. Enfin, une expérimentation in-situ nous a permis de quantifier les pertes de graines pendant la récolte liées aux bennes de récolte. Nous avons évalué ces pertes à 400 graines par m2 et nous avons mis en évidence de rares évènements de pertes massives de graines. L’analyse statistique des résultats de ces pertes nous a permis de les mettre en relation avec des caractéristiques du paysage, notamment les surfaces des champs et les axes de circulations principaux et secondaires. Dans le contexte de mise en culture de plantes transgéniques, ces résultats impliquent de prendre en compte la complexité du paysage dans les modèles qui prédisent les flux de transgènes à l’échelle des agroécosystèmes. / Agroecosystems are mosaics of cultivated areas where natural and semi-natural areas and human infrastructures are strongly nested and intrinsically linked and dependent. Semi-natural areas are generally confined to field edges and roadsides where wild and cultivated plants biodiversity are combined. This thesis focuses mainly on seed dispersal of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) towards semi-natural areas which can lead to establishment of feral oilseed rape populations. At the agroecosystem scale, the study of genotypic data coupled with assignment methods to existing commercial cultivars has highlighted the link between diversity of cultivars of oilseed rape cultivated fields with diversity of cultivar of feral populations the following year. Furthermore, the study of cultivar diversity revealed that fields are not uniformly composed of plants of a unique cultivar and that feral populations accumulate different cultivars over years consecutive of annual seeds rain of harvested fields, survival in the seed bank and self-recruitment in feral populations. Modeling the effective seed flow with maximum likelihood method revealed local dispersal dynamics within the agroecosystem. Local and extern sources of seeds differ according the area studied and the traffic roads to the silo. Our data have shown that both sowing of the same year (n), the fields harvested the previous year or even in previous years (up to n-2) could significantly contribute to the presence of feral populations (year n). The average dispersal distances estimated range from ten meters to kilometers. Finally, an in-situ experiment enabled us to quantify seed losses during harvest related to grain trailers. We evaluated these losses to 400 seeds per m2 and we highlighted rare events of massive seed deposition. Statistical analysis of these losses enabled us to relate them with landscape elements, including the traffic roads and. In the context of GM crops cultivation in agroecosystems, these results emphasize the need to introduce the landscape complexity in models predicting the presence and persistence of GM OSR feral populations.

Master's Thesis is about the techniques of creating a small executable program with size limited to 64kB. Describes one of the possible ways to use OpenGL for such purposes. With more detail describe the rigid body simulation, creating shaders, dynamic generating of texture and make music in intro scene applications. Presents using of WinApi to create windows, V2 synthetizer for sound and GLSL language for creating shaders. Everything is demonstratively created under Windows.

This master's thesis deals with the problem of real-time rendering of computer graphics using the method of frameless rendering} as counterpart to the traditional way, which is based on switching between two output buffers. Frameless rendering method is defined and studied in greater depth and its adaptive variant, which delivers better output quality without a~significant reduction of latency, is described in detail. In addition, this thesis describes the implementation of the application which has been developed to demonstrate the principle and functionality of the frameless rendering on the selected scenes. It also includes evaluation of performed tests focused to the output quality.

This thesis deals with the creation of minimal graphics intro. Intro size is not extending 64kB. The base of the intro is procedurally generated terrain supplemented with procedural vegetation and texture representing clouds. It also has terrain texture and imported 3D models. As background music is music playing.

The aim of the master's thesis is to create a graphic intro with the limited size of 64kB. Brief history of a demoscene and the graphics library OpenGL is introduced in the following text. The main part of the work is a description of minimal graphics techniques used in a creative process and their further application in the final programme.

This work deals with the phenomenon of graphic intros, a digital graffiti of the modern age. The focus is put on size restricted animation of size of the executable file lower than 64 kilobytes. It reveals the main techniques used. Finally, interesting aspects and experiences that came up are discussed, as well as the conclusion and future work proposal.